Objective:To examine the role of dopamine D4 receptor gene(DRD4) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) with/without disruptive behavior disorder(DBD) by focusing on a-521C/T SNP within the promoter region of this gene.Methods:A total of 401 DSM-Ⅳ ADHD children(including 284 trios) of Chinese Han descent were genotyped.Chi-square test and the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) were used to test for associations in ADHD with and without DBD respectively.Results:In the comparison of ADHD with(n= 143) and without(n= 258) DBD,the-521T allele(?2 = 6.778,P= 0.009,OR= 1.485) and the TT genotype(?2 = 6.292,P= 0.012,OR= 1.729) showed higher frequency in children with ADHD and DBD simultaneously.For family based analysis,T allele of the-521C/T polymorphism was preferentially transmitted to ADHD children with comorbid DBD(n= 100,?2 = 3.868,P= 0.049),whereas no significant distortion was found in the transmission of the tested variant for ADHD without DBD(n= 184,?2 = 0.223,P= 0.637).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the-521C/T SNP of DRD4 may contribute to the predisposition to ADHD with comorbid DBD.This study supports for the hypothesis that ADHD with comorbid DBD may be influenced by greater genetic effect compared to ADHD alone.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that dermal tissue has mesenchymal stem cells, which have a possibility of autologous transplantation. If the mesenchymal stem cells derived from the skin differentiate into lymphocytes under a certain condition, the immune system disease can be solved generally.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of differentiation of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells into lymphocytes. METHODS: Surface marker expression was detected in the 14th passage human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells using flow cytometry. Transdifferentiation medium of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells consisted of human lymphocyte supernatant and fresh human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells based on the ratio of 7:3. Inverted microscope was employed to observe morphological changes, and flow cytometry was used to detect surface marker expression in the lymphocytes at 1-8 days after induction. Self-marker expression of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells was then detected at 3,6, and 9 days after induction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells stably expressed self-specific marker CD73, Vimentin and so on, but did not express specific markers of hematopoietic system, I.e., CD34, CD45 and so on, lowly expressed HLA-I, but did not express HLA-DR at all. At 3 days after induction, the cell volume significantly increased, cell proliferation rate was significantly lower than before induction, and a lot of cystic-like particles with strong refraction were observed in or between cells. The CD45 lymphocyte expression was not significantly changed, but CD3, CD19, CD16, CD4, and CD8 expression rates of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells were linearly increased at 1-4 days after induction and stabilized at 5-8 days after induction. In addition, CD37, CD34, Vimentin, and HLA-DR expressions were not changed at 3, 6, and 9 days after induction, but HLA-I expression rate was gradually increased with the prolongation time of induction. This suggested that human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into lymphocyte and potentially participate in repairing immune system injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pure tone audiometry characteristics and curative effect in sudden hearing loss patients with hypertension. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-seven inpatients (168 ears) with hypertension suffered from sudden hearing loss were included in this study. We retrospectively analyzed the audiological index of these patients by comparing the pure tone audiometry (PTA) among patients in the aspects of gender, age, affected side, duration of hypertension, with or without inducement, concomitant symptoms and other combined diseases. The hearing threshold at different frequency was also compared, as well as the curative effect among patients with diverse audiological characteristics. RESULT: Of the contemporaneous sudden hearing loss patients (874 cases), the prevalence of hypertension was 17.96%, where the male ones accounted for. 28.69% (103/359) and the female ones accounted for 19.42% (54/278) respectively with statistically significant difference between genders (P < 0.01). The prevalence of hypertension in 34-44 years old group, 45-49 years old group, 60-69 years old group and over 70 years old group was 12.69% (25/197), 22.51% (70/311), 47.62% (40/84), 48.89% (22/45) respectively, which were statistically different (P < 0.01). The number of impaired ears with audiogram configuration characterized by rise type, downslope type, flat type and completely deafness type was 18 (10.71%), 61 (36.31%), 41 (24.40%), and 48 (28.57%), respectively. The decrease of hearing threshold in PTA were increasingly severe as the increasing impaired-frequency, and the difference of the degree of hearing impairment among these three types of frequencies was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The hearing threshold means of each frequency had no significant difference among patients with various gender, age and Cardiovascular Risk Stratification (P > 0.05). The hearing threshold means of each frequency of unilateral hearing loss patients was significantly higher than that of bilateral hearing loss patients (P < 0.05). The hearing threshold means at 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz and 1 kHz showed significant difference among patients with different duration of hypertension (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of sudden hearing loss in patients with hypertension was significantly lower than that in the sudden hearing loss patients without hypertension (19.64%, 61.57% respectively, P < 0.01). The total effective rate presented significant difference among patients with different duration of hypertension and different Cardiovascular Risk Stratification (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of sudden hearing loss in hypertension patients was higher in male than in female, which rose with age and combined disease. The hearing threshold means at mid-frequency and high-frequency were higher than that at low-frequency. The total effective rate of sudden hearing loss was relatively low in patients with hypertension. The longer the duration of hypertension and the higher the Cardiovascular Risk Stratification, the lower the total effective rate. Comprehensive understanding of audiological characteristics and hypertension condition plays a crucial role in type-specific treatment of sudden hearing loss.
Adult ; Aged ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Deafness ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; complications ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective To observe the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on serum platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (YEGF) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Seventy-three patients with acute cerebral infarction (32 patients with non-concomitant diabetes were assigned to group A,and 41 patients with diabetes were assigned to group B),30 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non-cerebrovascular disease hospitalized in the same period (group C),and 30 patients without cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (group D) were the subjects.The serum levels of PD-ECGF and VEGF in group A and group B were measured at 1,3,7,10 to 14 days after onset by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,which in group C and group D were measured at 1 st day..NIHSS scores were performed on group A and group B using the NIHSS Score (NIHSS) scale.Results The levels of PD-ECGF in group A were (5.93 ± 1.25),(5.93 ± 1.25),(4.19 ± 1.23),(3.67 ± 1.06) μg · mL-1,at 1,3,7,10 to 14 days after onset,The levels of PD-ECGF in group B were (2.88 ±0.54),(2.84 ±0.53),(2.81 ±0.41) and (2.86 ± 0.49) μg · mL-1.The VEGF levels in group A were (172.32 ± 31.91),(158.91 ± 31.84),(158.69 ± 29.27),(156.92±38.16),(159.64 ±27.21) and (159.91 ±40.25) pg· mL-1,The levels of VEGF in group B were (154.91 ±31.84),(158.69 ±29.27),(156.92 ±38.16),(159.64 ±27.21) pg · mL-1,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).On the first day of admission,the PD-ECGF of group C and D were (2.25±0.49),(2.79±0.51) μg·mL-1,the VEGF were (94.90±19.85),(151.11±130.33) pg· mL-1,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The scores of NIHSS in group A and group B were (12.52 ±3.25) and (12.89 ±2.56).The difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).On the 10 th to 14th day after onset,the NIHSS scores of group A and group B were (6.48 ± 2.15) and (4.24 ± 1.87) respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Type 2 diabetes can reduce the expression of PD-ECGF and VEGF in patients with cerebral infarction and affect the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To study the genotypes of representative Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains from China with spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping),and to investigate the prevalence of different genotypes TB in China,and analyse the relationship between genotype and drug resistance.Methods 4017 clinical isolates were collected by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2008 in 31 provinces in China according to sampling principle of epidemiology.Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method,and spoligotyping was chosen to carry out genotyping of these M.tuberculosis.In addition,chi-square test was used to compare the differences among the detection rate of different genotypes.Results Among the 4017 M.tuberculosis isolates,2500 ( 62.2％ ) isolates belonged to Beijing genotype.The percentage of Beijing genotypes in the northern of China was higher than that in the southern of China ( 76.5％ vs.53.2％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ),while T1 genotypes were more common in the southern China,compared with that in northern China ( 13.3％ vs.4.3％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).The differences were statistically significant.The proportions of Rifampinresistant (21.7％ vs.21.7％ ),Ofloxacin-resistant (4.9％ vs.2.4％ ) and Multidrug-resistant ( 11.3％vs.7.4％ ) isolates among Beijing genotype strains were significantly higher than those among non-Beijing strains (x2 =22.10,14.42 and 14.83,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Beijing genotype was still predominant epidemic genotypes.The percentage of Beijing genotype showed difference between distinct areas,and the percentage of Beijing genotypes in northern China was higher than that in southern China.Beijing genotype strains reveal correlation with Rifampin-resistance,Ofloxacin-resistance and Multidrug-resistance.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of luting agent on the final color of glass infiltrated alumina ceramic restorations.

METHODS12 plate-shaped specimens with 12.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated from GI-II (color IG2). Vitadur alpha veneering porcelain (color A2) with 1.0 mm thickness was fired to GI- II glass/alumina composite. 12 plate-shaped background specimens simulating the metal alloy post-and-core 12.5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thickness were also made from Ni-Cr alloy. All-ceramic specimens were luted to the metal alloy by Zinc Phosphate cement, glass ionomer cement and composite resin. The color shifts of the specimens were measured by colorimeter.

RESULTSLuting agents had effect on the final color of restorations. The influence of composite resin was least, followed by glass ionomer cement and Zinc Phosphate cement. The color difference between with and without Zinc Phosphate cement could be identified by the eye.

CONCLUSIONTo reduce the effect of luting agents, composite resin is recommended to all-ceramic restorations' adhesion.

Aluminum Oxide ; Ceramics ; Color ; Composite Resins ; Dental Cements ; Dental Porcelain ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Resin Cements

To establish SP2/0 cell line H-2(d) stably expressing bcr-abl fusion gene fragment, the bcr-abl fusion gene was subcloned into retroviral vector pLXSN from pGEMbcr-abl. The recombinant retroviral vector pLXSNbcr-abl was transfected into PT67 packaging cells with the help of lipofectamine. The positive clones were selected out and cultured after G418 selection. Then viral supernatant was collected to determine viral titer, the viral titer was 2 x 10(7) CFU/ml. The SP2/0 cells were infected with the collected viral supernatant. The results showed that after G418 selection, the bcr-abl fusion gene was integrated into the chromosome of SP2/0 cells infected stably, with recombinant retrovirus and expressed in SP2/0 cells confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR respectively. In conclusion, the mouse tumor cell lines expressing the bcr-abl fusion protein were successfully established and would be used as a experimental cell model for anti-CML immunotherapy.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of different types of posts and cores on the final color of the IPS-Emperss 2 crown.

METHODSFive types of posts and cores (Cerapost with Empress cosmo, Cerapost with composite resin, gilded Ni-Cr alloy, gold alloy and Ni-Cr alloy) were made. The shifts in color of three points of IPS-Empress 2 crown surface (cervical, middle and incisal) with different posts and cores was measured with a spectroradiometer (PR-650).

RESULTSThe L* a* b* values of zirconium oxide and gilded Ni-Cr alloy posts and cores with ceramic crown were the highest. The L* a* values of zirconium oxide posts composite cores were higher while the b* values were lower. The L* a* b* values of Ni-Cr alloy were lower than that of gold alloy and were the lowest.

CONCLUSIONIn combination with IPS-Empress 2 crown, zirconium oxide posts are suitable for routine use in the anterior dentition, and gilded Ni-Cr alloy and gold alloy posts and cores can be recommended for clinical practice. Ni-Cr alloy posts and cores can not be recommended for clinical practice.

Color ; Composite Resins ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Humans ; Lithium Compounds ; Post and Core Technique ; Zirconium

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of sugar chain structures of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hepatoma tissue and its relation to the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe binding ratios of ALP from 9 normal liver tissues, 16 hepatoma tissues and 16 noncancerous tissues surrounding hepatoma were analysed by affinity chromatography on various lectin columns including leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA), lentil lectin (LCA), Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) and Sambucus nigra bark agglutinin (SNA).

RESULTSThe binding ratios of ALP on L-PHA (22.94%+/-5.30%), DSA (55.97%+/-13.72%), LCA (38.16%+/-8.87%), E-PHA (11.56%+/-4.81%) and SNA (69.80%+/-13.71%) in HCC tissues were significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with that in normal liver tissues (L-PHA 5.89%+/-2.75%, DSA 36.20%+/-11.58%, LCA 17.90%+/-6.71%, E-PHA 5.38%+/-2.20%, SNA 57.32%+/-11.27%), respectively. t values between the two groups were 8.94, 3.64, 5.94, 3.62 and 2.32, respectively. L-PHA-binding ratio (25.84%+/-4.67%) of ALP in HCC with invasiveness was significantly higher than that (18.10%+/-3.64%) without invasiveness (t=3.71, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe changes of ALP sugar chain structures occur in HCC tissue. b1-6 branching sugar chain structure of ALP is related to the invasiveness of HCC.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; chemistry ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; pathology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Humans ; Lectins ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of flow cytometry in semen assessment.

METHODSSemen samples from 104 infertile male patients (as the case group) and 10 fertilized donors (as the control group) were analyzed for the volume of ejaculate and sperm concentration, motility and atypical morphology by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), the viability, chromatin structure and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the sperm stained by SYBR-14/PI, AO and JC-1 respectively, and assessed with flow cytometry. The results were analyzed through SAS software.

RESULTSU tests indicated that the semen from the infertile patients had not only lower concentration (U = 2.51, P = 0.0143), lower motility (U = 3.44, P = 0.001) and higher rate of atypical morphology (U = -5.88, P < 0.0001), but also lower viability (U = 4.72, P < 0.0001), MMP (U = -2.53, P = 0.0309), and chromatin integrity (alpha t: U = -3.82, P = 0.0003; SD alpha t: U = -3.98, P = 0.0001; COMP alpha t: U = -3.57, P = 0.0005). The multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that sperm motility was positively correlated with sperm membrane integrity (t = 1.66, P = 0.1016), sperm MMP (t = 3.33, P = 0.0014) and sperm acrosome integrity (t = 3.24, P = 0.0019), while sperm MMP was negatively correlated with the rates of sperm neck and tail defects (t = -3.44, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONFlow cytometry plays a significant role in the evaluation of the quality of human sperm, and can be adopted as a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Survival ; physiology ; Chromatin ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; physiopathology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Middle Aged ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; pathology ; physiology