Nco-adjuvant endocrine therapy has provided opened new alternatives for locally advanced breast cancer, especially for patient groups such as the elderly, those who are not suited for chemotherapy, and those whose response may not be optimal. The latest generation of endocrine therapy for breast cancer,aromatase inhibitors, has proved superior to tamoxifen in terms of toxicity and efficacy in the adjuvant setting.Compared with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, the appropriate patients to receive nco-adjuvant endocrine therapy can achieve similar short-term benefit. However, because of fewer long-term follow up results, the overall prognosis is not clear.

Transcatheter closure as an alternative to medical surgery has become a preferred therapeutic method to atrial septal defect (ASD).However,thrombopoiesis after occluder implantation has been reported comprehensively and causes a series of serious complications such as cerebral embolism、myocardial infarction,pulmonary embolism and so on.Reasons of device thrombopoiesis are closely associated with atrial fibrillation,persistent atrial septal aneurysm,occluder type,activated coagulation system and occluder endothelialization process.This paper summarizes correlation factors of occluder thrombopoiesis and current related prevention proposal after transcatheter closure of ASD,and provides theoretical and experimental foundation for prevenition of device thrombopoiesis after occluder implantation of ASD.

Objective: To analyze the efficiency and differences of China Community Health Service, to analyze the shares of eastern-middle-western regional differences and the difference within each region in the total efficiency difference. Methods: The super efficiency DEA model and decomposition of Gini coefficient by Subgroups are used to analyze the provincial data in China from 2008 to 2011. Results: The eastern-central-western regional difference is the major cause of the efficiency differences in China Community Health Service. In the meantime, the shares of the difference within each region in the total efficiency difference are also non-negligible. Conclusion: To narrow the efficiency differences among eastern, central and western areas; improve the inter-regional flow of community health service resources; improve the support and supervision on the backward regions; make regional policies to coordinate the internal resources of community health services and strengthen the assessment mechanism using efficiency as the indicator.

New technologies and ideas are constantly emerging recently. With the arrival of the era of minimally invasive surgery, most of the colorectal cancer surgeries can be conducted through minimally invasive techniques. In this study, we discuss the status, characteristics, controversy, and consensus of minimally invasive techniques in colorectal cancer surgery.

Objective To investigate the significance of human cyomeg Movirus(HCMV)pp65 IgG antibody avidity index(AI)for the clinical diagnosis of HCMV primary infection through the experimental model of HCMV primaly infection in BALB/c mice.Methods 6～8 weeks,female,specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups.6 mice in each group. And he mice were injected with 2×106 PFU/m1,2×105 PFU/mi,2×104 PFU/ml,2×103 PFU/ml and 2×102 PFU/ml of HCMV intraperitoneally respectively. Another 6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with the maximum dose of HCMV kept at 56℃ for 30 min as inactivated virus group.And HF negative control group was established at same time. All the mice ere sacrificed to obtain brain and lung tissues for the following experiments after 1 montll.(1)Tissue samples obtained from mice were inoculated in human embryo fibroblasts(HF)monolayers after routine treatment for virus isolation.HCMV specific eytopathie effect(CPE) was observed bv inverted phase-contrast microscopy.HCMV UL83 DNA in the ultures as tested by PCR and pp65 antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence.(2)Extracted mRNA from tissue samples and HCMV pp67 mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PcR).(3)Immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibody and immunoglobulin G(1gG)antibody avidity Was investigated for their usefulness in distinguishing primary genital HCMV infections rom nonprimary infections with ELISA kit using truncated pp65 protein.ResultsHCMV can be isolated in the tissues from the mice injected with 2×106 PFU/ml and 2×105 PFU/m1.RT- PCR and ELISA showed positive results in the same groups.The infective rates were 100%.The analysis of the low doses groups,inactivated group and HF negative ontrol group all showed negative results.Conclusions BALB/c mice can be infected with HCMV and appeared as primary infection after1 month.Determination of HCMV pp65 IgM and HCMV p065 IgG-AI by ELISA incorporated with virus isolation and RT-PCR are helpful for distinguishing primary infections from nonpfimary infections.The detection of HCMV p65 IgM and HCMV pp65 IgG-AI by ELISA utilizing recombinant protein pp5 as antigens can be used for preliminary screening.

Long-term failure in choice of materials for artificial esophagus (AE) and in treating incidence of postoperative com-plications of esophageal cancer has resulted in lack of ideal AE regeneration. As one of the innate elements forming the human body, carbon possesses high tissue affinity. Artificial esophagus as the induced stent of esophageal regeneration is the best choice for replac-ing esophageal defects and for reintroducing oral feeding after cancer radical resection.

Objective To discuss the antitumor mechanism preliminarily by observing effects of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression in hepatoma (Hepal-6) cells of mice.Methods Hepa1-6 cells were treated with COE at different nontoxic concentration (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/mL) for 16 h. The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF were detected by reverse transcription-PCR and Western Blotting,respectively. Results COE significantly inhibited VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion COE can inhibit VEGF expression in Hepa1-6 cells, therefore suggest that VEGF could be chosen as an therapeutic target for COE in the context of cancer chemoprevention and anticancer therapy.

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Objective:To evaluate the present situation and trend of antifungal medicines used in 34 hospitals in Wuhan area. Methods:The sales volume,market share,DDDs and DDC of antifungal medicines in 34 hospitals in Wuhan area during 2012 and 2014 were statistically analyzed. Results:The consumption sum and growth rate of the medicines were increased year by year, and those of pyrrolic medicines were the highest. The sales volume of voriconazole ranked the first. The DDDs of clotrimazole vaginal tablets and nifuratel-nysfungin suppositories ranked the top two. Conclusion:The consumption of antifungal medicines in Wuhan area has been increased greatly and the consumption structure is relatively stable. The utilization evaluation of antifungal medicines should be enhanced. Antifungal medicines should be rationally used to prevent or slow down the spread of drug resistant bacteria.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)is difficult to benefit from endocrine therapy or tras-tuzumab targeted drug therapy.Biological overexpression of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1,p53 gene,vas-cular endothelial growth factor and microRNA suggests that TNBC is easy to metastasis and recurrence and has a poor prognosis.Exploring the molecular subtypes of TNBC,setting out the treatment plan for subtypes and finding the corresponding monoclonal antibody targets are the research direction of TNBC in the future.