Objectives:To determine the common allergens of patients with allergic rhinitis in Chongqing.Methods:A total of 738 cases who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by history and clinical presentation,underwent a skin prick test with 11 standardized aeroallergens and 10 ingestive allergens,and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed.Difference of skin prick test responses at various ages and with different gender was investigated.Results:The percent of patients with positive skin tests in inhalation allergens were as follows,dust(91.33%),acaridan(83.88%),prevemal pollen(68.97%),late spring pollen (66.67%),estivoautumnal pollen (61.25%),tobacco (58.94%) and cockroach (55.28%).Allergens in food were mainly prawn (62.47%) and crab(60.43%).Conclusion:The study shows that the dust,acaridan,prevemal pollen,late spring pollen and estivoautumnal pollen are the most important allergens in Chongqing region.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective;To revise the third time the norm of Combined Raven's Test(CRT-C2) applied for 10 years by standardized sampling.Methods;According to the population distribution of national survey in 2001,sampling was chosen from 17 provinces of 6 administration districts.The range of each age group was one year(male;female 1;1).It was designed to have 240 children in each age group,from 7 to 16 years old in city and 7-14 years old in rural areas,with original CRT text book and instruction.Results;The averages of raw score among age groups had an obviously increase along with the age.The differences of same age group between city and countryside were showed significance.However,no difference of gender among all age groups was founded.The Cronbach's coefficient,reliability of re-test and split-half of rural children were 0.94,0.88 and 0.91 respectively.The correlation coefficients of test scores with the performances of Chinese and mathematics subject were 0.35 and 0.40.Conclusion;Two age norms of city(CRT-CC3)and countryside(CRT-RC3)were established based on new standardized sampling.

Objective To determine pH value, the solubility in different solvents and the oil-water partition coefficients of cumarin. Method UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of cumarin. Shake-flask method was developed to determine the oil-water partition coefficients of cumarin. Result The higher solubility values of cumarin were 2 044,2015 and 1969 ?g/mL in acetone , methanol and ethanol, it was almost indiscerptible in water, the limit solubility was 1096.9 ?g/mL, which become stable while the whisk time reached to 8 hours. The oil/water detached coefficient was 11.210, which was higher in acid solvent. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid and reliable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ultrasonic scalpel and traditional electrocautery on postoperative complications in axillary dissection for breast cancer treatment.Methods The clinical data of 92 breast cancer patients with axillary dissection were analyzed retrospectively.The surgical proce-dures were randomly chosen by patients,including 37 cases with ultrasonic scalpel and 55 cases with elec-trocautery.Both groups were compared in operation time,number of harvested lymph nodes,postoperative drainage in 24 h,seroma formation rate,and drain removal time.Results There were no significant differ-ences in operation time[(148.2 ±30.4)min vs(143.5 ±40.8)min],number of harvested lymph nodes (17 nodes vs 16 nodes),and drain removal time[(16.0 ±5.3)d vs(16.7 ±4.4)d]between ultrasonic scalpel group and electrocautery group(P >0.05 ).There were significant differences in postoperative drainage [(118.8 ±65.8)ml vs(159.2 ±71.3)ml]and seroma formation rate(8.1% vs 20%)between ultrasonic scalpel group and electrocautery group(P <0.01).Conclusion For breast cancer,ultrasonic scalpel is similar to electrocautery in axillary dissection,but it can reduce postoperative complications.

HPLC analysis was performed to study the changes in chemical composition of ginseng extracts prepared from high quality ginseng with 0, 2, 4, 8 h of steamed times. An UFLC-MS/MS multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative analysis was made to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior differences of ginsenosides in mice ig administered of ginseng extracts with different steamed times in the negative ion mode, with Digoxin as the internal standard substance. The mice were injected with LPS to establish inflammation model after ig administration of ginseng for a week and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice plasma were detected by ELISA, in order to study on anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times. It was determined that levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in inflammation model group ig administered of ginseng extracts with 8h of steamed time. The results showed that the chemical components in ginseng changed after steaming and the components into the blood changed, correspondingly. Ginseng with steamed 8 h contributes to anti-inflammatory effects. These results provided an experimental basis for revealing the active substance basis and dose-effect relationship of ginseng on anti-inflammatory effect.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Panax ; chemistry ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of determining the plasma concentration of capecitabine/polyethylene glycol 1000/montmorillonite (CAP/PEG1000/MMT) in rats’plasma for the study on pharmacokinetics of CAP compound in rats in vivo. METHODS:HPLC was adopted. The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% glacial acetic acid-acetonitrile(73∶27),at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 250 nm and column temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 10 μl. 18 Wistar rats were randomly divided into CAP group,CAP/MMT group(MMT as carrier)and CAP/PEG1000/MMT group(PEG1000/MMT as carrier)and ig given corresponding drugs,that equal to 200 mg/kg of CAP. Blood sample was respectively taken 15,30,60,90,120,180,240,300 and 360 min after the administration of drugs,and plasma was isolated and added with internal standard ferulic acid. The concentration of the drug in the plasma was determined by HPLC fol-lowing protein precipitation with methanol,based on which the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software. RE-SULTS:The linear range of CAP was 0.054 9-4.390 0 μg/ml (r=0.998 2) with the method recovery of 98.2%-102.1%(RSD=1.50%-3.29%, n=5) and absolute recovery of 76.2%-78.9%(RSD=2.29%-2.99%, n=5). In the above-mentioned three groups,t1/2 were(1.11±0.32),(1.57±0.32)and(1.62±0.10)h;cmax were(2.91±0.36),(0.91±0.23)and(0.91±0.14)μg/ml;AUC0-6 h were (8.70 ± 1.79),(3.76 ± 0.27) and (3.73 ± 0.25)μg·h/ml;and tmax were (0.97 ± 0.20),(1.55 ± 0.47) and (1.50 ± 0.07) h,respectively. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the CAP/MMT group and CAP/PEG1000/MMT group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The method is reliable and simple,and can be used for pharmacokinetic study of CAP/PEG1000/MMT in rats. MMT and PEG1000/MMT compound can prolong CAP acting time in the body.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism through detecting methylation status in esophageal carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus.Methods The methylation-specific PCR was employed to detect the expressions of RASSF2 in esophageal carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues from 27 patients after surgery and Barrett's esophagus tissues from 18 patients after gastroscopic biopsy.Results The rate of RASSF2 methylation was much higher in esophageal carcinoma (66.7 ％,18/27) than that in adjacent tissues (22.2 ％,6/27) (P ＜ 0.05),and was more frequently than that in Barrett's esophagus (33.3 ％,6/18) (P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant difference of methylation status was observed between Barrett's esophagus and adjacent tissue (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The hypermethylation of RASSF2 may be the molecular mechanism in the development of esophageal carcinoma,and more samples should be used for further experiment in Barrett' s esophagus.

Objective To analyze the factors which influence the present nursing management ability in the alliance and to provide theoretical evidences and methods to improve the management. Methods 120 nursing administrators from 7 hospitals in the alliance were selected in convenience sampling for the site survey with customized questionnaires on nursing management ability appraisal. Results The valid return rate of the questionnaires is 100%;the average score of all respondents is 82.84±10.10;the differences in nursing management between the leading hospital and its members are statistically significant (P <0.05)while the differences among the members are not.Conclusion The leading hospitals play a very important role in improving the nursing management ability and administration in the alliance,which should integrate and leverage leadership roles to develop high quality nursing management among the hospitals in the alliance.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility ofin vitro balloon dilatation for treating aortic coarctation infants younger than 6 months. Methods: A total of 13 aortic coarctation infants treated in our hospital from 2011-01 to 2015-12 were summarized. The patients were at the mean age of 3.4 months (from 20 days to 6 months), with the mean body weight of 4.8 kg (from 3.6 kg to 6.2 kg) including 9 male. Aortic coarctation segments were resected during the operation and the resected segments were expanded by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) via (2-4) times diameter balloon dilatation. The diameters of resected aortic segments were recorded before and after expansion; the change of vascular middle smooth muscle layer was observed by HE staining. Results: There were 8 cases with non-restricted ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 3 of them received staging operation, 2 with atrial septal defect (ASD), 3 with bicuspid aortic valve, 3 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 1 with pericardial effusion. The resected aortic segments presented that 9 patients had diaphragm type narrow and 4 had tube type narrow. After PTA, the diameters of resected aortic segments were slightly increased for the mean of 0.2 mm and no obvious change was observed; HE staining showed that the vascular inner mucosa was shed, while the middle smooth muscle layer was intact. Conclusion: Balloon dilatation had the poor effect for treating aortic coarctation infants younger than 6 months; surgical procedure could be applied for treating the relevant patients.