OBJECTIVE: How to promote the generation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and induce them differentiate into the goal cell type has been the focus of neuroscience. In this article, we review the adjustment of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify the related articles published in English from January 1998 to March 2006 by using the keywords of "bFGF, EGF, nerve stem cells". At the same time, Chinese relevant articles were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastruction published between January 2000 and March 2006 with the same keywords in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: The data were selected firstly to look over the citations of every literature. Inclusive criteria: Articles related to the effect of bFGF and EGF on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Exclusive criteria: Duplicate research or Meta analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 78 related articles were collected, of which 32 accorded with the inclusive criteria and 46 with duplicate or old contents literatures were eliminated. Among the 32 literatures, 8 involved in the research status of NSCs, 10 about the effect of bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and the mechanism, 4 involved in the effect of EGF on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and the mechanism, respectively, 8 related to the effect of bFGF and EGF together, and 5 related to the comparison of the effect of bFGF and EGF. DATA SYNTHESIS: ①NSCs are self-renewed, and can differentiate into different stem cells and mature tissue cells in different microenvironment. Many cytokines in the microenvironment play essential roles in the differentiation direction of NSCs. ②bFGF has strong improvement effect on the proliferation of NSCs and can activate the potential regeneration capacity of neuronal precursor cell in distinct areas of central nervous system, proliferation and differentiation of cells present bFGF concentration dependent. ③EGF can improve the growth of NSCs, and promote them differentiate into neuron and glial cells; its effect of facilitating cell proliferation also presents concentration dependent. ④To elevate the efficacy of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs, allied application of bFGF and EGF is usual in NSCs culture. ⑤There is not a unified cognition to the effect difference of bFGF and EGF. CONCLUSION: bFGF and EGF have powerful effect to improve the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs; therefore, both of them are important neural somatomedin. Moreover, their effects present concentration dependent.

To study the visual magnocellular deficit in alphabetic and Chinese developmental dyslex?ia from behavioral,neural mechanism and intervention studies,critical words in Chinese and English (de?velopmental dyslexia and magnocellular pathway or dorsal stream or contrast sensitivity or coherent mo?tion ) were searched in Chinese and English databases(CNKI,PubMed,ScienceDirect,etc.) from Septem?ber to December,2015. Forty?three relevant articles which aimed to investigate the visual magnocellular defi?cit in developmental dyslexia were selected among 75 articles according to the searching result and the objec?tive of the present study. The results showed that alphabetic studies consistently consistently manifested the magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia from the aspects of behavioral performance,neural activities and intervention effects. However,whether the deficit was the cause or the consequence of dyslexia remains controversial. In Chinese,most of studies on magnocellular deficit of developmental dyslexia were behavioral. There were few studies from aspects of neural mechanism and intervention. Alphabetic and Chinese studies consistently manifested magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia,suggesting the consistency across lan?guages. However,more comprehensive studies are required to further explore the causal relationship between magnocellular deficit and developmental dyslexia.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Risk Factors

Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Subclavian Artery ; abnormalities ; Vascular Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

Though lack of definite evidences,closed suction drainage after arthroplasty is routinely employed by the majority of orthopaedic surgeons with the aim of preventing the formation of wound haematoma,reducing delayed wound healing and the risk of deep infection.But the optimal time to remove drains is controversial.The usual time to remove drains is 48~72 h after operation when the volume of drains is less than 50ml within 24 h.But some scholars find that the time of draining more than 24 h increases the risk of wound infection.This paper reviews the literature of draining time,and concludes that the optimal time to remove drains is 24 h after the primary arthroplasty.

AIM To observe the effect of Yishenjiangzhuo decoction on the NE,5-HT contents of hippocampus in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. METHODS High pressure lipuid chromatography-electrochemical process was used to measure the NE and 5-HT contents on the d 1, d 7 and d 15 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by common carotid artery occlusion. RESULTS The NE contents of hippocampus were respectively 364.25?66.47, 349.76?59.38, (344.59?70.31) ?g?g -1 and the 5-HT contents were respectively 646.72?83.33,629.11?90.64,(596.68?99.47) ?g?g -1 on the d 1, d 7 and d 15 in the model group, which significantly decreased compared with the control group( P

Objective To analyse the clinical usage of Shenmai injection, promote the rational use of Shenmai injection. Methods 400 hospital medical records that used Shenmai injection in 2015 were collected and reviewed from hospital information system (HIS) by retrospective analysis method, aggregated and evaluated data by EXCEL. Results In 400 cases, 11 clinical departments used the Shenmai injection, mainly in cardiology of 347 cases(86.75%).The percentage of the non-standard clinical application of Shenmai injection was 84 cases (21.00%). The non-standardized rates of solvent dispensing was 287 cases (71.75%), and the specification incompatibility accounted for 105 cases (26.25%). There was no adverse drug reaction of Shenmai injection. Conclusion The clinical use of Shenmai injection is not yet standardized, which suggests that drugs should be strictly used in accordance with the instruction, in order to avoid risks of off-label use.

Objective To study the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and any effect of acupuncture combined with exercise training on the recovery of learning and memory after experimental cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group (n = 8 ) and an operation group (n = 72 ) subdivided randomly and equally into a model group, an exercisetraining group and an acupuncture plus exercise training group, with 24 rats in each group. After right middle cerebral artery occlusion or a mock operation, the expression of MAP-2 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was detected with immunohistochemistry 1, 3 and 5 weeks after the operation. Learning and memory function was assessed at the 5th week post operation.Results MAP-2- positive fibers were arranged in an orderly way and distributed densely in the shamoperation group. After cerebral infarction, number of MAP-2 positive neurons and dendrite fibers decreased in the CA3 region of the affected side. A week after the operation, MAP-2 positive fibers had increased significantly in the acupuncture plus exercise group compared with the model group and the exercise group. At the 3rd and 5th week post operation, expression of MAP-2 and optical density had increased significantly compared with the model group and the exercise training group. At the 5th week post operation, Y maze discrimination and learning tests showed that learning and memory had improved significantly more in the acupuncture plus exercise training group compared with the model group and the exercise training group.Conclusions Exercise training combined with acupuncture can promote changes in dendritic plasticity and increase MAP-2 expression in the CA3 region after cerebral infarction. This may be correlated positively with the recovery of learning and memory after cerebral infarction, at least in rats.

Objective To evaluate the influence of rectal washout on the prognosis of rectal cancer after anterior resection.Methods Data of 144 patients with rectal cancer undergoing anterior resection at Chinese Academy of Medical Science Cancer Hospital between May 2006 and November 2007 were reviewed.69 patients received rectal washout and 75 patients did not.The incidences of recurrence and 5-year disease-free survival rates were compared.Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software packet,using x2 and t inspection.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate postoperative survival rate.Results Washing sample was positive for malignant cells in 55 patients (79.7％).The incidences of recurrence were 4.6％ and 6.7％ in washout group and no-washout group respectively (x2 =0.368,P =0.721).The five-year disease-free survival rate was 79.7％ in washout group and 74.7％ in no-washout group(x2 =0.517,P =0.553).Conclusions Free malignant cells were ubiquitous in rectal lumen during anterior resection,and there was a high positive rate of cytological examine for washout sample.Rectal washout may reduce local recurrence and prolong patients' survival.

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control