OBJECTIVE With surveillance of the distribution and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli during the last six years in our hospital,the basis for the reasonable clinical use of antibiotic is provided to doctor.METHODS A total of 1 907 strains of E.coli isolated during the last six years were analyzed by Kirby-Bauer disk or VITEK-2 system.RESULTS Among 1 907 strains of E.coli,1 114 strains were isolated from urine,accounted for 58.4%;215 from pus or secret,accounted for 11.3%;165 from sputum,accounted for 8.7%;and 159 from blood,accounted for 8.3%.ESBLs production rate of E.coli increased steadily from 5.11%,10.34%,14.56%,15.14%,33.79% to 29.96%,separately during the six years.The resistance of E.coli with ESBLs to most antibiotics was much higher than those without ESBLs.And E.coli demonstrated much higher resistant rate to ciprofloxacin,penicillins,and first or second generation cephalosporins,and much lower to amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.No strains were found to be resistant to imipenem.CONCLUSIONS E.coli is the major pathogen,causing nosocomial infection with multi-resistant mechanism, since ESBLs-producing strain is increasing as years gone,reasonable choice of antibiotic should be in term of result of antibiotic resistant test and patient symptom to cure the E.coli infection induced.

Background Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the 2 important risk factors of cardiovascular affecting the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. However paucity data of characteristics of lipid metabolism and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk groups with hypertension are available. Objective To analyze the lipid metabolism level and the relevant risk factors of inpatients with essential hypertension (EH) from 2000 to 2007. Methods Retrospective study was performed based on the clinical characteristic and the relationship between different kinds of hyperlipidemia and target organ damages in inpatient with EH. Results For the level of triglyceride (TG) and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia,males(n=3056) were significantly higher than females(n=1932)(P

Objective to observe plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide level by use of low dose Betaloc for congestive heart failure.Methods We chose 31 heart failure patients with Ⅲ～Ⅳ New York Heart Association (NYHA)functional classification,and used low dose Betaloc on the basis of traditional treatment,then observed the changement of plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide level during treatment. Results After treatment,patients' heart rate, blood pressure ,cardio-thoracic ratio and LVDd all descended,but LVEF increased.The value of BNP declined obviously,after the use of the Betaloc.Conclusions We treated congestive heart failure with low dose Betaloc,the availability ratio was more than 80%,and the value of BNP declined obviously.It implied dynamic monitoring plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide was helpful in understanding treatment effect and prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors TrkA and p75NTR in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and dermatofibroma.MethodsAvidin-biotin immunohistochemical(ABC) method was used to detect the expressions of NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75NTR in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 17 cases of DFSP and 15 cases of dermatofibroma.Results NGF and TrkA were highly expressed in both DFSP and dermatofibroma specimens,with no significant difference between the two groups of specimens (x2 =0.11,0.02,respectively,both P ＞ 0.05),while the expression of p75NTR was significantly higher in DFSP than in dermatofibroma specimens(x2 =32,P ＜ 0.01 ).The expression of NGF was positively correlated with that of p75NTR in DFSP(R2 =0.623,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionNGF may play a certain role in the development of DFSP via its high-affinity receptor TrkA and low-affinity receptor p75NTR.

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite has been widely used as reconstructive and prosthetic material for osseous tissue, owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. But, its brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. Therefore, hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites have been widely studied as bone substitute, due to their excellent biocompatibUity and suitable mechanical properties.OBJECTIVE: To review various preparation methods of hydroxya patite/chitosan composites and the development trend in this field.METHODS: Articles were searched in Medline Database (1995-01/2009-03), VIP Database (1995-01/2009-03) and "qinghuatongfang" Database (1995-01/2009-03) with the keywords of "nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, preparation, development trend".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 2 034 related articles were collected, including 1 634 in Chinese and 670 in English. Following excluding earilier published, duplicate, and similar studies, we brought into 37 sub-standard literatures. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite in nanometer size, with similar structure as natural bone, has better biological function compared with corresponding micrometer composite. Simultaneously, optimized material composition, structure and technology will obtain more suitable bone substitute in mechanical property compared with natural bone. This paper reviews preparation methods at home and abroad in recent years, with the rapid development of biological materials, hydroxyapatite compositematerials have been wisely used in bone tissue repair and replacement surgery, but its poor mechanical properties limits its clinical application.

Objective In the early life period when eyes grow rapidly,visual experience can play an important role in axial growth and refractive development. For instance, depriving the eye of form vision during infancy will accelerate axial growth, resulting in substantial amounts of myopia, called form deprivation myopia (FDM). Similarly, imposing the eye with a negative lens produces compensating myopic growth in many species, called defocus induced myopia (DIM) . As one of the important visual experiences,color vision and its effects on eye growth deserve to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 530 nm monochromatic light and establish an innovative model of myopia in guinea pig by exposing to this monochromatic light. Methods Twenty male guinea pigs at 2 weeks old were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 10) . The experimental group was raised under the condition of 330 nm monochromatic light illumination. The control one was bred under white light illumination with 5000 k color temperature. These guinea pigs were raised in a specially designed cage. The light source was provided by specially made LEDs (green: peak value 530 nm and half bandwidth 30 nm; white: color temperature 5000 K) . The illumination parameters of the two groups were identical and the light quantum number was 3 x 10~(-4)μmol·cm~(-2)·s~(-1) . Through measuring,the irradiance value was 0.150 mW·cm~(-2) for green light and 0.247 mW·cm~(-2) for white light approximately. All animals were kept under a 12/12 h light/dark cycle (light: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. ) ,in the temperature of 22℃ - 26℃ and a relative humidity of 55% -65% . Both groups underwent biometric measurement including refraction,corneal curvature and axial length,etc. before and after twelve weeks treatment. The refraction was examined using a streak rednoscope and trial lenses in a dark room one hour after topically administering a cycloplegic eye drop. The radius of comeal curvature was measured with a keratometer (Topcon OM-4, Japan) and axial components was measured by A-scan ultrasonagraphy ( Opticon Hiscan A/B).Repeated measurements were undertaken. Only the right eye's parameters of each guinea pig were used for analysis. Unpaired (-tests were used in all comparisons between the two groups of eyes with a statistical analysis software (Stata, version 7.0) . Results Before treatment, the refraction of experimental group was 4.6 ± 0.59 D.and that of the control group was 4.63 ± 0.48 D. The axial and vitreous body length was 7.48 ±0.11 mm and 3.16 ±0.07 mm in the experimental group,respectively,and 7.55 ±0.16 mm,3.21 ±0.09 mm in the control. The differences between the biometric parameters of the two groups including refraction, comeal curvature and axial components were not significant ( P > 0.05) . However,after a twelve-week exposure, the variation of refraction in the experimental group was -3.125 ± 0.76 D,and - 1.075 ± 0.71 D was observed in the control group. There was a 2.0 D myopia in the experimental group compared with the control. Axial length grew 0.98 ± 0.13 mm in the experimental group and 0.77 ± 0.22 mm in the control. Vitreous body extended to 0.33 ± 0.14 mm and 0.13 ± 0.14 mm in the two groups, respectively. The refraction of the experimental group shifted more towards myopia ( P < 0.0001) accompanied with a more accelerated speed of axial growth and vitreous body's extension ( P < 0.05) compared with that of the control group. There were no significant differences in the radius of comeal curvature, the depth of anterior chamber and the lens thickness between the eyes of the two groups at the end of the experiment ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion The 530 run monochromatic light can accelerate the prolongation of axial length and vitreous body inducing axial myopia in guinea pigs.

AIM: To observe the effects of carvedilol on murine viral myocarditis model. METHODS: A total of 188 inbred male BALB/c mice of 4-6 weeks were divided into 4 groups: myocarditis group (group C, n=60), metoprolol treatment group (group M, n=60), carvedilol treatment group (group K, n=60), control group (group B, n=8). Myocardial histopathololgic changes were observed. The concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Western blotting was performed to analyze the contents of phosphorylated p38MAPK in myocardium. RESULTS: Metropolol and carvedilol lightened myocardial histopathololgic changes at acute stage, decreased cTn-I concentrations and myocardial phosphorylated p38MAPK value compared with myocarditis group. Treatment with carvedilol was more effective than treated with metropolol on those indexes. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol protects against viral myocarditis by inhibition of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway through blockade of β_1 and β_2 adrenergic receptors.

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipemia is one of the important risk factors of coronary atherosclerotic cardiopathy. Great attention has been paid on how to explain the correlation between blood lipid and coronary heart disease and the correlation of characteristics and level of blood lipid with coronary heart disease.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the correlation among the characteristics, the level of blood lipid and coronary heart disease in senile people.DESIGN: Case-control observation and stratified analysis.SETTING: Second Cadre Ward of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 105 inpatients were selected in coronary heart disease group, diagnosed as coronary heart disease, tallied with WHO Diagnostic Standard on Coronary Heart Diseases, in Second Cadre Ward of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 2001 to January 2002. Totally 99 inpatients, by checked, without coronary heart disease and cerebral vascular disorder were selected in the control in the same period.METHODS: 2 mL venous blood was collected in fasting in the morning and the serum was collected after centrifuged at 3 000 r/minute, for 5 minutes. Auto-biochemical analyzer and enzyme kit were used to determine cholesterol, triglycerin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Compared with the data in the control, the ranges of cholesterol, triglycerin and low density lipoprotein were calculated successively and divided by 10; at the class intervals of 0.53, 0. 39 and 0.29 mmonl/L, the frequency table was worked out. According to the frequency table, P25 (the 25th percentile), P50 (the 50th percentile), P75 (the 75th percentile) and P90 (the 90th percentile) of cholesterol, triglycerin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated successively. The stratified groups were divided based on P ＜ 25, P25 to PS0, PS0 to P75, P75 to P90 and ＞ P90, by which, the cases belonging to 5 groups were determined in coronary heart disease group and the control respectively. The exposure factor was determined by ＞ P90, compared with other 4 groups, Menta-Haensecel method was used to calculate x2. If the exposure factor was related with coronary heart disease, the relevant coefficient and 95% confidence interval should be calculated. In accordance with the standards (Proposal on Prevention of Abnormal Blood Lipid and Targets of Abnormal Blood lipid on 2-grade Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease), the cases beyond the targets and morbidity were determined in two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determination of blood lipid, abnormal cases and morbidity in two groups; cases beyond targets of blood lipid and morbidity; stratified comparisons of percentiles in two groups.RESULTS: According to intention measurement, 204 cases entered result and the control, there was no significant difference in cholesterol, triglycerin cases presented hypercholesterolemia, 34.3% cases hypertriglycerlipidemia and 11. 4% cases low density lipoprotein-hypercholesterolemia. It was indicated that the blood lipid was in the normal range among 64. 8% to 88.6% comparison between the cases with cholesterol ≥5.47 mmonl/L and the cases with cholesterol varied from 3.85 to 4.63 mmol/L, the morbidity of coronary heart disease in the former was 2.98 times as high as the latter (x2 = 6.29, 95% confidence interval was 1.27 -6.98) . In the comparison between the cases with cholesterol ≥ 5.47 mmol/L and the cases with cholesterol varied from 4.64 to 5.05 mmol/L, the correlation with coronary Lipid for 2nd Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease, among the patients with coronary heart disease, cholesterol ≥ 4.68 mmonl/L in 54. 2% cases,triglycerin ≥ 1.70 mmol/L in 34. 3% cases and low density lipoprotein ≥ 2.6 mmol/L in 52. 3% cases.CONCLUSION: For senile patients with coronary heart disease, the satisfactory level of cholesterol is 3.85- 4.63 mmol/L. For those with cholesterol ≥ 5.47 mmol/L, compared with those varied from 3.85 to 4.63 mmol/L, the morbidity of coronary heart disease in the former is possibly 2.98 times as same as the latter(x2 = 6.29, 95% confidence interval was 1.27 - 6.98).

Objective To study the relationship of the university students' procrastination and big five personality factors.Methods 461 university students were assessed by the simple edition of tuckman procrastination scale(TPS) and the big five personality inventory short form(NEO-FFI).Results TPS score of the student was (48.51 ± 7.66).There were 89.4% students respectively had different level of procrastination behavior.There were no significant differences in university students by the gender(47.95 ±7.84 vs 48.95 ± 7.43 ) ,whether one-child students(48.64 ± 7.49 vs 48.45 ± 7.81 ) and grades.There were significant positive correlation between procrastination and the personality factor of neuroticism( r=0.235, P＜0.01 ) and significant negative correlation with extraversion ( r=-0.180, P ＜ 0.01 ) and conscientiousness ( r =-0.198, P ＜ 0.01 ).The big five personality factors of neuroticism,extraversion and conscientiousness could explain the 14.0% variation of procrastination of university students.Conclusion Procrastination is a very common phenomenon in the university students.The students with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion and conscientiousness of big five personality have more procrastination behavior.