Objective: This study is to examine the effects of different protective methods with DHCA on neuron injury of hippocampus. Methods: Sixteen pigs (22-25 kg) were divided randomly into four groups. Group I: DHCA; group II: ACP; group III: RCP; group IV: RCP+Nim. All animals were under deep hypothemia (18℃) and total circulatory arrest for 90 minutes, and then rewarmed 120 minutes until the pharyneal temperature to 36℃. End of the study, left hippocampi were removed and then dissociated. These dissociated cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and then measured with flow cytometry to analyze neuron apoptosis. The morphological changes were examined by electron microscope. Results: Normal cell percentage was the lowest in group I. Compared with group III, normal cell percentage was higher in group II. There were no significant differences between group II and group IV, or group III and group IV. Early apoptotic cell percentage was higher in group I than that in the other three groups, and it is higher in group II than that in group III. There were no significant differences between group II and group IV, or group III and group IV. Both necrotic cell percentage and dead cell percentage were higher in group I than that in the other three groups and there was no significant difference between the other three groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Apoptosis, necroses and death of neuron after DHCA is the main cause of postoperative nervous dysfunction. ACP has better protective effect on neuron by decreasing cell apoptosis and death. RCP could also reduce cell apoptosis and death but the effect is not as good as that of ACP. Nimodipine depresses partly calcium influx by blocking up VDCC and its protective effect is slight.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhiza active substance on guinea pig model of vitiligo,and to clarify its mechanism on promoting synthesis of melanin,and to provide the basis for its clinical application.Methods Guinea pigs decolorized by H2O2 were used as experimental models,and normal control group was set up.After treatment of glycyrrhiza active substance in three doses groups(20,40,and 80 mg?kg-1),the therapeutic effect was observed by visual observation,macrography,histological examination as well as immunohistochemical study.Results The significant differences of skin color among control group,model group and treatment groups were observed by macrography.The total effective rates in 40 or 80 mg?kg-1 groups were higher than that in control group(P

To improve the quality of tea.ching,investigating the effect of practice-based in the teaching of human parasitology by department of parasitology in our school.We take medical laboratory science professional as an example,the parasite teaching is the traditional model of infusion teaching at present,besides the classical contents,it is difficult for some courses to meet the needs of social development at present,which has deficiency in attracting students' interest.Based on the optimization of teaching content,and teaching methods for the teaching process,part of contents were carryed out on the base of cultivating students' ability to practice.The objective of this teaching model is to solve practical problems as the goal,particularly focus on learning process of solving the problem.These results show that the teaching model based on culturing students' ability to practice could better embody the idea of studentcentered teaching,to some extent,it helps to stimulate students' independent thinking ability,and enhance students' learning achievement,and cultivate students' analysis and problem-solving ability,practical ability and teamwork spirit.

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between lactotransferrin(LTF) gene rs1126478 polymor‐phism and caries susceptibility .Methods The published literatures on the association between LTF gene rs1126478 polymorphism and caries susceptibility were retrived from the electronic databases of Pubmed ,Web of science ,Embase ,EBSCO ,Springerlink , CNKI ,VIP ,Wanfang and CBM by computer .The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as the effect indicators .The statistical analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5 .2 and Stata 12 .0 softwares .The bias evalua‐tion and sensitivity analysis were also performed .Results A total of 5 case‐control studies involving 720 cases and 412 controls were included .The meta analysis results showed that no statistical significance in the association between LTF gene rs1126478 pol‐ymorphism and caries susceptibility was revealed in all four genetic models (GG+ AG vs .AA :P= 0 .75 ,OR= 0 .93 ,95% CI=0 .59-1 .46 ;G vs .A :P=0 .88 ,OR=0 .97 ,95% CI=0 .68 -1 .38 ;GG vs .AA :P=0 .84 ,OR=1 .07 ,95% CI =0 .57 -1 .99 ;GG vs .AG+AA :P=0 .52 ,OR=1 .12 ,95% CI = 0 .79-1 .58) .Similarly ,the subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed no statistical sig‐nificance in the onset risk between Caucasian and Asian populations as well (both P>0 .05) .Conclusion The LTF gene rs1126478 polymorphism may have no relation with the susceptibility to caries .

Objective To examine the distribution and expression of dentin matrix protein1 ( DMP1 ) in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of osteoporosis rats. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months (n=30)wererandomlydividedinto3groups. TheShamgroupunderwentshamoperationonly(n=10),theOVX group ( n = 10 ) received a bilateral ovariectomy first and then saline solution treatment subcutaneously for 3 months. The RIS group ( n=10 ) also received a bilateral ovariectomy and then with risedronate treatment ( 2. 4μg/kg) subcutaneously for 3 months. Three months after the operation, the animals were sacrificed. Toluidine blue staining showed the structure changes of rat condylar cartilage region. The changes of osteoclasts in the bony subcondylar region were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) staining. The expression of DMP1 was analyzed immunohistochemically and then performed by semi-quantitative imaging analyses. Results Toluidine blue staining showed a thickened hypertrophic layers of condylar cartilage in RIS group. The results of TRAP staining indicated that the number of osteoclasts was significantly greater in OVX group than RIS group (P<0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that DMP1 localized mainly in the chondrogenic layers and osteocytes, bony subcondylar region in three groups. The expression levels of DMP1 proteins statistically decreased in OVX group than the other two groups(both P<0. 05). Conclusion Bisphophonates may reduce the the number of osteoclasts in the condyle from osteoporosis rats, with increasing of the expression of DMP1, which may influences condylar cartilage biomineralization.

Background and purpose:The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are currently the highest malignant tumor in China and the world. Most onset age of the illness is after 60 years old. Therefore, surgical resection of lung cancer in the elderly is very worthy of concern. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, epidemic characteristics and conditions in perioperative period between the elderly and middle-aged patients with lung cancer, and provide the reference for clinical treatment.Methods:Totally 1 019 patients with lung cancer who were admitted to the hospital and accepted the operations in department of thoracic surgery in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012 were analysed retrospectively. The clinical data including gender, pathological type, TNM stage, intraoperative amount of bleeding and post-operative length of hospitalization were compared.Results:There was a signiifcant difference in sexual factors between these two groups (P?0.05), and compared with the middle-aged group, the proportion of male was more higher in the elderly group (76.91%vs 52.81%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common and squamous carcinoma was the next in both two groups. The constituent ratio of the pathlogical type between the elderly group and the middle-aged group was statistically signiifcant (P?0.05). The squamous carcinoma in the elderly group was higher than that in the middle-aged group (37.5%vs 15.6%). On the contrary, adenocarcinoma was more common in the middle-aged group (72.8%vs 50.7%). StagesⅡa,Ⅱb, andⅢa were more common in the elderly group and stagesⅠa, andⅠb were the most clinical stage in the middle-aged group. The clinical stage between two groups was statistically significant (P?0.05).The intraoperative amount of bleeding was higher and the post-operative length of hospitalization was longer in the elderly group, with a signiifcant difference as compared with that in the middle-aged group(P?0.05). And there was a signiifcant difference in incidence of accompanying diseases between the two groups, compared with the middle-aged group, the proportion of accompanying diseases was more higher in the elderly group(58.6%vs42.3%).Conclusion:Elderly patients with lung cancer are more common in males, with adenocarcinoma being the most common. The cancer mostly belongs to a medium or advanced stage. Elderly patients have the trend with more amount of bleeding in operation and lengh of stay.

Objective To explore the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasonic elastography(UE) in detecting different sizes of thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods 64 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the diameter size(group 1,≤1 cm;group 2,＞ 1 cm) and examined by the contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography,then the features were analyzed and the sensitivity for detecting of the two methods in different groups were compared.Results The sensitivity for detecting in CEUS was higher than in UE,which had significant difference between two methods.CEUS and UE were valuable for detecting and they had no difference in sensitivity for detecting in group 1.There was a significant difference in sensitivity for detecting between two methods in group 2.Conclusions Both CEUS and UE were valuable in diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma and the sensitivity for detecting in CEUS is higher than in UE in group 2.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mel itus is one of the most common systemic diseases, which often leads to the changes of the jaw and other bone structure, as wel as the abnormal changes of mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To observe the three-dimensional structure and histopathological changes of the mandible in type 1 diabetes mel itus mice. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mel itus group. The diabetes mel itus group received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin for 5 days to establish a type 1 diabetes mel itus model, and the control group received intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 weeks after modeling, the micro-CT technique was used to observe the three-dimensional structure of the mandibles in the two groups. The quantitative analysis on the microstructure of cancel ous bone and cortical bone showed that the bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness of cancel ous bone in the interest region in the mandible of type 1 diabetes mel itus mice were significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while the structure model index was increased significantly (P < 0.05); the mineral density and area of cortical bone were decreased in the diabetes mel itus group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the number and volume of mandibular trabeculae of type 1 diabetes mel itus mice were decreased. The results suggest that the three-dimensional structure of the cancel ous bone and cortical bone in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mel itus mice are changed significantly, and the microstructure change of the cancel ous bone is more obvious.

Objective To analyse clinical features of 86 cases of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and explore strategies and methods of the microsurgical treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.Methods The clinical data of 86 intracranial arteriovenous malformation from January 2010 to January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.For diagnosis,computed tomography (CT) with angiography (CTA),and DSA were used,which could provide real size,location,feeding arteries and draining veins of AVM,and apply NEPM to evaluate the nerve function,assess the qualitative and quantitative flow rate of AVM and surrounding blood vessels by Doppler ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography,and reveal opography of AVM.Operative techniques were used including embolization,feeding artery control.Results Eighty-six cases of AVM were resected successfully under mutitechnology.Following-up demonstrated excellent neurological outcomes in 70 cases,nine case had mild disability,five cases had severe disability,two dead cases.DSA shows resected completely,and long-term follow-up was still in progress,conclusion Multi-technology combined microsurgical techniques which can effective improve the outcomes of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

BACKGROUND:Insulin-like growth factor 1 is the key factor during cartilage development, which is involved in the growth and reconstruction of condylar cartilage.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on cel apoptosis and the apopotosis-associated factors of Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein expressions of rat condylar chondrocytes.
METHODS:The 1-day-old and 28-day-old rat condylar chondrocytes were cultured and identified in vitro. The condylar chondrocytes with different ages were divided into experimental group and control group. After being starved for 24 hours, chondrocytes in the experimental group were incubated with 100μg/L recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1 for 48 hours, while the chondrocytes in the control group were incubated normal y. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, after being incubated with recombined
insulin-like growth factor 1, the number of condylar chondrocytes was increased with high speed proliferation (P<0.05). Real-time RCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were increased after added with recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1, while the expression levels of Bax and protein were decreased (P<0.05). The results indicate that insulin-like growth factor 1 can promote the
proliferation and reduce cel apoptosis of newborn and adolescent rat condylar chondrocytes, which may be mediated by Bcl-2 and Bax.