AIM: To compare the effectiveness on 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine on cycloplegia in children before optometry.
METHODS:Eighty eyes of 40 children among 4-12 years old with refractive error were recruited in this study. 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops were topically administered once per 5min for 3 times and optometry was performed after 45min. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel then was used 3 times per day for consecutive 3d and again the refractive diopter was obtained at the 4th d. The differences of the results in retinoscopy refraction were compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel.
RESULTS: Therefraction results of those given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel were no statistical different in both 4-8 years group and 9-12 years group with myopia (≤-3. 00D) (P=0. 411, 0. 924). The differences of refraction results of both the drugs were significant in 4 - 8 years group with low hypermetropia, medium hypermetropia and high hypermetropia (P=0. 007, 0. 007, 0. 009). No significant difference was found in 9 - 12 years group with low hypermetropia (P= 0. 592), given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel, but the differences of refraction results of both the ophthalmic preparations above were significant in 9-12 years group with medium and high hypermetropia (P=0. 039, 0. 012).
CONCLUSION:Both 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel have the cycloplegic effects, but their cycloplegic effects are significant different among hypermetropia children. Thus, the reasonable cycloplegic should be chosen according to the specific situation.

Adult ; Amniotic Fluid ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Humans ; tau Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Adult ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology

Objectives: To investigate the effects of adhesion and proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the surface of lactic acid/glycolic acid/asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol PLGA-[ASP-PEG] tri-block polymer scaffolds, try to find a new biomaterial to induce seed cells in vitro for bone tissue engineering. Methods: Modified PLGA with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and asparagic acid (ASP) that has many ligands, and synthesis PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer material. BMSCs were cultured in PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer material and PLGA used as control group. Through precipitation method, MTT assay and total cellular protein detection to test the adhersion and proliferation of BMSCs. Scanning electron microscope is used to observe cells appearance. Results: BMSCs on the surface of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] polymer scaffolds are adherention to the culture flask, the number of cells is much higher than PLGA’s. The precipitation method suggest that adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs on the surface of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] is much higher than the control group(P

?AIM: To investigate NO levels in tears and anterior chamber inflammation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with trabeculectomy through different operative incisions.?METHODS: Totally 49 patients ( 50 eyes ) with primary acute angle - closure glaucoma and cataract were randomly divided to single-incision group and double-incision group. Both were treated by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy after routine IOP-lowering drugs treatment. Preoperative and postoperative NO levels in tears were compared, and the aqueous flare and cells were examined using a laser flare-cell meter ( LFCM) .?RESULTS:Postoperative tear NO was 9. 86±0. 78μmol/L in single-incision group , it was 9. 13 ± 0. 67μmol/L in double-incision group, the differences was statistically significant(t=3. 57,P<0. 05). Postoperative aqueous flare values was 62. 42±18. 16 pc/ms in single-incision group;it was 52. 20 ± 17. 57 pc/ms in double-incision group, the differences was statistically significant(t=2. 02, P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION: The early inflammatory injury of double-incision was significantly lower than that of single -incision. It has the advantages of safety. But the surgical skill should be improved to less the injuries caused by operations.

To assess the effect of prostaglandin E_1(PGE_1)on renal blood flow and serum endothelin of liver recipients.Methods PGE_1 was administered in 38 liver recipients at the dose of 0.6?g?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)during liver transplantation and every day after operation.The effects of PGE_1 on serum endothelin concentration and creatinine(Cr)were observed and these indexes were compared with those in the control group(n=18).The renal blood flow resistance indexes(RI)were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Results Cr and RI were significantly lower in PGE1=treated group than those in the control group.PGE_1-treated group also showed a significantly lower serum endothelin concen- tration.Conclusion Administration of PGE_1 in liver recipients can significantly improve the early re- nal function by reducing serum endothelin concentration and dilating renal blood vessels.

Background Researches demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) can enhance survival and promote differentiation of neutron.Meanwhile,CNTF also is thought to play an important role in the development of visual pathway.But,less studies are reported in the relationship of CNTF and form deprivation amblyopia.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of CNTF in visual cortex area 17 in form deprivation amblyopia model.Methods Twelve 4-week-old cats were randomized into normal group and form deprivation amblyopia group.Monocular form deprivation amblyopic models were established in 6 cats by eyelids suture method.Pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP) was recorded to evaluate the amblyopic models 16 weeks later following the eyelids suturing.Then,bilateral visual cortex tissue was incised at a vertical in sagittal axis fashion to prepare the section.Nissl staining was used to detect the morphologies of neurons.Expression of CNTF in Ⅰ-Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 was located and quantified by immunochemistry.The positive cell number and gray scale for CNTF were calculated and compared between two groups.The use of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Coucerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Compared with the normal group,P-VEP amplitude was significantly reduced (6.11 ±1.56 μV vs.11.42±t.92 μV) and latency was significantly prolonged(75.77±9.83 ms vs.58.56±7.17 ms) in the form deprivation amblyopia group (t=5.272,3.464,P＜0.05).Nissl staining showed that the number of neurons in the form deprivation amblyopia group was less than that in the normal group.In the form deprivation amblyopia group,neurons became shrinkage and turned round,cytoplasmic processes get shortened,and the nucleus became small.The number of Nissl bodies was decreased.lmmunochemistry showed the positive neutrons for CNTF in Ⅰ-Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 in hoth normal cats and model cats with the more positive cells in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers.Compared with the normal group,the positive cell number for CNTF was significantly reduced in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of visual cortex area 17 in the form deprivation amblyopia group (Ⅱ layer:95.93±8.24 vs.116.25±6.52;I layer:102.65±7.45 vs.125.23±8.21;Ⅳ layer:l10.65±6.85 vs.139.54±4.26) (t=4.737,4.989,8.773,P＜0.05).In addition,the gray scale of CNTF positive cells was significantly lower in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of visual cortex area 17 in the form deprivation amblyopia group than that the normal group (Ⅱ layer:106.98 ± 8.86 vs.138.65 ± 6.38 ; Ⅲ layer:109.56 ± 8.69 vs.149.59 ±8.55;Ⅳ layer:l16.65 ±9.52 vs.155.76±9.87) (t=7.105,8.043,6.986,P＜0.05).Both CNTF positive cell number and gray scale in Ⅰ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 had no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Form deprivation in critical period of a new born animal may lead to distributing abnormality of CNTF in visual cortex,which maybe play a role in the development of form deprived amblyopia.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the neuroprotective function of alpha7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR) and its roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODSpecific RNA interference to alpha7 nAChR mRNA expression was performed by gene specific small interference RNA (siRNA). SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with the siRNA or treated with 20 micromol/L 3-[2, 4-dimethoxybenzylidene] anabaseine (DMXB), an alpha7 nAChR agonist. After 48 hrs culture, levels of alpha7 nAChR mRNA and protein were monitored by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In the second experiment, SH-SYSY cells treated with siRNA or DMXB were exposed to 1 micromol/L Abeta(25-35), followed by protein analysis of alpha-form of secreted beta-amyloid precursor peptide (alphaAPPs), and total APP was assayed by Western blotting. In addition, lipid peroxidation and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction were measured by spectrophotometry.

RESULTIn RNA interference group, as compared with controls, alpha7 nAChR mRNA and protein levels were decreased with inhibitory efficiency by 80% and 69%, respectively, along with a decrease in protein levels of alphaAPP and reduction of MTT. However the product of lipid peroxidation was increased. There was an enhanced gene inhibition of alpha7 nAChR by Abeta. While cells treated with DMXB, the alpha7 nAChR protein was increased by 23% as compared with that of the control, along with decrease of alphaAPP and ERK 1/2 at the protein level. The enhanced expression of alpha7 nAChR reduced the neurotoxic effects resulted from Abeta.

CONCLUSIONThe findings indicate that alpha7 nAChR may play a significant neuroprotective role by enhancing cleavage of APP, improving antioxidant defenses and limiting the toxicity of Abeta, which has been implied in the pathogenesis of AD.

Acetylcholine ; pharmacology ; Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Neurons ; drug effects ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Nicotinic Agonists ; pharmacology ; Protease Nexins ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; metabolism ; physiology ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

This research was a part of the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources survey in Markam. The medicinal plants in natural reserve were studied for the first in this paper. There were 300 species in 202 genera of 54 families, among them there were 7 species of ferns in 5 genera of 5 families, 6 species of gymnosperms in 4 genera of 3 families, and 287 species of angiosperms in 194 genera of 61 families. There were 166 species Tibetan medicinal plants in 102 genera of 47 families. Quantitative analysis was carried out in 6 aspects of family and genus composition, medicinal parts, drug properties, flavour of a drug, Tibetan medicine, toxicity and new plants. The concrete suggestions of protection and exploitation were put forward, which provided scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of medicinal plants in this area.
Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Tibet