AlM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with macular grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema ( DME) .METHODS:Totally 60 eyes ( 60 patients ) with DME were randomly divided into 2 groups: 30 eyes of simple injection group underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, and 30 eyes of combined treatment group underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and macular grid photocoagulation 1wk later. The best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , central macular thickness ( CMT ) measured by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and postoperative complications were observed.
RESULTS:ln simple injection group, the BCVA after operation were separately 0. 390 ± 0. 075 (4wk), 0. 367 ± 0. 088 (8wk) and 0. 319 ± 0. 064 (12wk), the CMT after operation were separately 221. 63 ± 112. 34μm (4wk), 337. 73±99. 56μm (8wk) and 432. 92 ± 100. 46μm (12wk), which were much better than pre-operation. But during follow-up, the BCVA presented down trend and the CMT was on the rise slowly. ln combined treatment group, the BCVA after operation were separately 0. 385 ± 0. 036 (4wk), 0.382±0.079 (8wk) and 0.377±0.097 (12wk),the CMT after operation were separately 249. 77 ± 106. 55μm (4wk), 270. 40 ± 92. 88μm (8wk) and 275. 84 ± 97. 34μm (12wk ), which were satisfactory and steady during follow-up, better than simple injection group (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:lntravitreal injection of ranibizumab can effectively improve visual acuity and decrease central foveal thickness for patients with DME, combining with macular grid photocoagulation can ensure therapeutic effects steady and permanent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influencing factors for three years following the "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake.

METHODSA systematic sampling of 870 subjects who came from Beichuan (605 persons) and Jiangyou (265 persons) areas were investigated by adopting subscale of PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Social Demographic Questionnaire.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of PTSD was 8.5% (74/870), the incidence rates of PTSD for the area of Beichuan and Jiangyou were 11.2% (68/605) and 2.3% (6/265) respectively. Subjects from Beichuan had higher PTSD incidence rate compared to Jiangyou (P < 0.05). The prevalence of PTSD for female and male were 11.8% (55/465) and 4.7% (19/405) respectively, female had higher prevalence of PTSD compared to male (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who suffered from major property lost and those who lost less were 13.3% (62/466) and 3.0% (12/404) respectively, victims suffered major property lost had higher incidence rate of PTSD(P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who lost family members and those did not were 13.4% (45/336) and 5.4% (29/534) respectively, victims who lost family members had higher incidence rates of PTSD (P < 0.05). The posttraumatic symptoms for survivors who suffered from PTSD mainly focused on the symptoms of reexpericement and over vigilance, the prevalence rate was 100% (74/74). Exaggerated startle response, intense psychological distress and physiological reactivity were higher than others in total 17 symptoms, accounting for 96% (71/74), 94% (70/74) and 90% (67/74). The logistic regression showed that being female, victims who suffered from major property lost, lost family member in this earthquake were the risk factors of PTSD, and the values of OR (95%CI) were 2.746 (1.580 - 4.772), 3.616 (1.871 - 6.988) and 1.805(1.057 - 3.084), respectively.

CONCLUSIONPosttraumatic symptoms were still common among survivors three years after "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. Survivors in Beichuan (heavy hit area), female victims, victims who suffered from major property lost, victims who lost family member need more social and economic support.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors ; psychology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop polyethylenimine-Doxorubicin-montmorillonite (PEI-Dox-MTT) as a novel multifunction delivery system.

METHODSDox was intercalated into montmorillonite, PEI covered to the surface of Dox/MMT to make the nano-particle. XRD, FT-IR and TGA were used to confirm chemical property of the nano-particle. SEM was used to observe the morphology. The capability of drug release was investigated by PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4). The DNA binding ability of nano-particle was detected by gel electrophoresis retardation assay. The cell viability in COS-7 and SKOV3 cell lines was tested using MTT assay. The gastric mucosa protection was evaluated in vitro.

RESULTSXRD image showed that Dox was intercalated into montmorillonite, inter space of which increased to 31.3Å; the FT-IR spectra showed the vibration bands of PEI at 1 560 cm(-1) and 2 850 cm(-1), the vibration band of Dox at 1 350 cm(-1). Size analysis and SEM revealed that the size of nano-particle was 600 nm, and the zeta-potential was 30 mV. Drug release experiment explored that the nano-particle stably released drug in range of 6 X10(-4) ≊ 8 X10(-4) mg/ml within 72 h. MTT assay showed that the cell viability was over 80% in experiment condition in COS-7 and SKOV3 cell lines. 0.3 mg PEI-MMT nano-particle was able to protect gastric mucosa from alcohol.

CONCLUSIONMultifunction system of PEI/Dox/MMT has been prepared successfully.

Bentonite ; Cell Line ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Polyethyleneimine

OBJECTIVETo synthesize a (2-Hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin-polyethylenimine/adamantane-conjugated doxorubicin (γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox) based supramolecular nanoparticle with host-guest interaction and to identify its physicochemical characterizations and antitumor effect.

METHODSA novel non-viral gene delivery vector γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox was synthesized based on host-guest interaction. 1H-NMR, NOESY, UV-Vis, XRD and TGA were used to confirm the structure of the vector. The DNA condensing ability of complexes was investigated by particle size, zeta potential and gel retardation assay. Cytotoxicity of complexes was determined by MTT assay in BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721 cells. Cell wound healing assay was performed in HEK293 and BEL-7404 cells. The transfection efficiency was investigated in HEK293 cells. H/E staining and cell uptake assay was performed in BEL-7402 cells.

RESULTSThe structure of γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox was characterized by 1H-NMR, NOESY, UV-Vis, XRD, TGA. The drug loading was 0.5% and 5.5%. Gel retardation assay showed that γ-hy-PC was able to completely condense DNA at N/P ratio of 2; 0.5% and 5.5% γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox was able to completely condense DNA at N/P ratio of 3 and 4,respectively. The cytotoxicity of polymers was lower than that of PEI25KDa. The transfection efficiency of γ-hy-PC was higher than that of γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox at N/P ratio of 30 in HEK293 cells; and the transfection efficiency was decreasing when Ada-Dox loading was increasing. Cell uptake assay showed that γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox was able to carry drug and FAM-siRNA into cells.

CONCLUSIONThe novel vector γ-hy-PC/Ada-Dox has been developed successfully, which has certain transfection efficiency and antitumor activity.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Adamantane ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Polyethyleneimine ; Transfection ; beta-Cyclodextrins

4-(Cytidine-5-diphospho) -2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids. According to the transcriptome database, the specific primers were designed and used in PCR. The bioinformatic analysis of the sequenced TwCMK gene was performed in several bioinformatics software. The Real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expression levels of TwCMK from T. wilfordii after elicitor MeJA supplied. The results showed that the full length of TwCMK cDNA was 1 732 bp encoding 387 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point of the putative TwCMK protein was 5.79 and the molecular weight was about 42.85 kDa. MeJA stimulated the rising of TwCMK expression in suspension cell and signally impacted at 24 h. The research provides a basis for further study on the regulation of terpenoid secondary metabolism and biological synthesis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics

AIMTo study preventive and therapeutic effect of zinc sulfate on lung injury during superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock and their mechanism of action.

METHODSModel of rabbit SMAO shock was made. The effect of zinc sulfate on the malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocyte membrane and plasma, oxidase (XOD) in plasma, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte and MDA, SOD and pulmonary surfactant (PS) in lung tissues homogenate were observed.

RESULTSThe administration of zinc sulfate decreased MDA and XOD, prevented the reduction of SOD and PS, and alleviated lung injury.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that lung is injured during SMAO shock and zinc sulfate possesses preventive and therapeutic effect, through stabilized membrane.

Animals ; Female ; Lung ; metabolism ; Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; pathology ; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Shock ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Zinc Sulfate ; therapeutic use

AIMTo investigate the role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of neurogenetic pulmonary edema.

METHODSThe levels of endothelin-1 in plasma and lung were measured in rats which suffered from diffuse brain injury on Marmarous' model. The changes of endothelin-1 in the lungs were also detected using an immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSAfter heavy diffuse brain injury in rats, the levels of endothelin-1 in plasma and lung began increasing at 1 hour, and peaked at 6 hour. Though a little declining at 24 hour, it maintained a higher level within 48 hours (P < 0.05). Pulmonary pathology showed that after brain injury there were congestion, swelling in pulmonary microvessels with broadened pulmonary interstitial tissue, and leucocyte infiltration was dominated by neutrophils and monocytes from 1 hour on, which peaked at 6 hour. More serious congestion, swelling and protein effusion in pulmonary alveoli were observed at both 24 h and 48 h. Immunohistochemically, endothelin-1 had more significant expression and higher levels of OD in the experimental groups than that in the control's, the most significance of which was at 6 hour.

CONCLUSIONThe inflammatory injury mechanism caused by endothelin-1 may play an important role in neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Animals ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the main points of clinical differentiation between hemangioma and vascular malformation in infant.

METHODSBased on Mulliken and Waner's classification, from March, 1997 to February, 1999, 81 baby patients with hemangioma were included in this study. Thirty-eight cases, 43 cases received medical treatment of steroids.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 5 to 7 years. Thirty-eight cases of red strawberry-like lesions limited in the skin began to involute within two years old. Of the 30 patients with strawberry-like lesions and subcutaneous mass, 20 cases involuted in varying degree; 10 cases' subcutaneous mass grew gradually and didn't involute, in 4 cases biopsy was performed, 3 cases were confirmed as hemangioma accompanied with venous malformation by pathology, 1 case was hemangioma accompanied with arteriovenous malformation. Of 13 cases with light blue or normal skin and subcutaneous mass, 7 cases involuted in varying degree; 6 cases grow gradually and didn't disappear, 2 cases were confirmed as venous malformation by biopsy.

CONCLUSIONSHemangioma in infant begins to involute within two years old. Vascular malformation or hemangioma with deep vascular malformation grows persistently and does not disappear. Skin temperature of lesion surface and dilative veins on the skin artery pulsation, are indexes compressibility, for differentiation between hemangioma and vascular malformation in clinical diagnosis.

Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Vascular Malformations ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Rhizoma Curcumae (RC), arsenite trioxide (As2O3) on proliferation ana signal transduction molecule in lens epithelial cell (LEC), in order to provide experiment evidence for prevention and treatment of after cataract.

METHODProliferation of cultured bovine LEC were induced by induced by recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF); Inhibitory rates of LEC proliferation induced by RC, As2O3 were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT); Inhibitory effects of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) induced by RC, As2O3 in LEC were assayed via flow cytometer (FCM); Concentrations of LEC calcium ([Ca2+]i) were determined by spectrofluoremeter, intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) of LEC were measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTInhibitory rates of RC, As2O3 on LEC proliferation induced by rhbFGF increased significantly, showing dose-dependent (P < 0.01). PCNA expression of LEC proliferation induced by rhbFGF were down regulated obviously by RC, As2O3, showing dose-dependent (P < 0.01). Concentrations of [Ca2+]and cAMP increased and cGMP decreased significantly in LEC of proliferation inhibited by RC, As2O3 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRC, As2O3 can inhibit LEC proliferation obviously. Signal transductions of [Ca2+]i, cAMP, cGMP may be the important molecular mechanism. There are broad prospect for RC, As2O3 on prevention and treatment of after cataract.

Animals ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Growth Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Lens, Crystalline ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Professor HUANG's clinical acupuncture and moxibustion characters are introduced from selection of acupoints, needles used, needling methods, etc. Based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs, he is good at using pair-points and syndrome differentiation, point-through-point acupuncture and combined many methods, and pays attention to adjusting mental activity, promoting flow of qi, treating both body and mental treatment. He also uses other therapies besides acupuncture and adopts good advance from others, so as to greatly increase clinical therapeutic effects.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional