Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Lipoblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mesenchymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vascular Diseases ; pathology

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioendothelioma ; pathology ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vascular Neoplasms ; pathology

Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the functional and structural changes of connectivity of default mode network (DMN) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to study the relationship between them.Methods Twenty-seven RRMS patients(clinically diagnosed as RRMS)and 27 healthy volunteers (matched to the patients in age and gender) were selected to participate in this study.All the subjects underwent 3.0 T MR scanning.Softwares such as DPARSF,MICA,TrackVis were used for data post-processing.Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) of DMN were chosen as ROIs,and functional and structural changes of DMN and the relationship between them were analyzed.Values of r reflecting the functional connectivity and fractional anisotropy(FA) of two groups were obtained.Then statistical analysis was performed by using student t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The DMN space pattern of the RRMS patients was mostly identical to that of controls,but with specific difference in the connectivity strength with respect to that of controls.Particularly,the patient group showed increased DMN connectivity in the mPFC,but decreased connectivity in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and PCC.Compared with controls,the r value (0.695 ±0.151 vs.0.796±0.085),FA value(0.261 ±0.012 vs.0.285 ±0.017) between mPFC and PCC in RRMS patients were decreased (t =-3.020,-6.206,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,functional connectivity (r value) was found to correlate with structural connectivity(FA value) between the PCC and mPFC (r =0.704,0.735,P ＜ 0.01).The number of MS lesion,had no correlation with r value or FA value (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The functional connectivity and structural connectivity of DMN change in RRMS patients.The functional connectivity and structural connectivity between mPFC and PCC are both decreased in RRMS patients compared with the controls.The injury of structural connectivity may be the structural basis of the decrease of functional connectivity.

Objective To analyze retrospectively the HRCT signs in the patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and evaluate the value of HRCT in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Methods The cilinical and HRCT images of 30 cases with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed by fiber bronchoscopy, CT guided biopsy or sputum culture were collected.HRCT images were analyzed and the HRCT signs were summarized by two experienced chest imaging radiologists.Results 19 patients had a variety of CT signs, the sign of tree in bud was seen in 8 cases, bronchial stenosis 6 cases, bronchiectasis 8 cases, ground-glass opacity 8 cases, acinic nodules 10 cases, nodular lesions 12 cases, acinar nodules with halo sign 4 cases, nodules with halo sign 9 cases, cavity 10 cases.11 cases only had a single CT sign, the sign of tree in bud was seen in 2 cases, bronchiectasis 2 cases, ground-glass opacity 1 case, acinar nodules 2 cases, nodules with halo sign 2 cases, cavity 2 cases.The occurrence rates of various signs in 30 cases were as follows, the sign of tree in bud was 33.3%, bronchial stenosis 20%, bronchiectasis 33.3%, ground-glass opacity 30%, acinar nodule 40%, nodular lesion 46.6%, halo sign 53.3%,cavity 40%.Conclusion The main HRCT signs in the patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis includes tree in bud, bronchial stenosis, bronchiectasis, ground-glass opacity, acinar nodules, nodal lesions,pulmonary cavity and halo sign.The signs of bronchiectasis with tree in bud sign, acinar nodule and halo sign in the HRCT images are highly specific in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Actins ; metabolism ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fasciitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Fibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To explore the relationship between wild rodent plague and human in wild rodent plague foci of the northwestern area in Yunnan to probe the possible transmission mechanism of wild rodent plague to human. Methods Data of component ratio of rodents and fleas was collected in different areas from 1985 - 1995. Activities and habits of residents regarding the way they keep cats and dogs and parasitic fleas and free fleas indoor were investigated, the dog serum was collected for detecting F1 antibody. Results Eothenomys miletus were main rodents in farmland and shrub, accounting for 48.00% (4753/9902) and 54.50% (4282/7857), Apodemus chevrieri were main rodents in garden, being 50.47% (1332/2639). The component ratio of Neopsylla specialis specialis was 13.31%(229/1720), 12.31%(1678/13 739) and 10.87%(957/8802) respectively in garden, farmland and shrub, higher than in indoor. The component ratio of Frantcpsylla spodix was 39.88% (686/1720), the highest in garden. Thirty-two per cent (32/100) of residents kept cats,in which 63% (20/32) with cat fleas, 68% (68/100) of villages kept dogs, in which 76%(52/68) with fleas. Eighteen parasitic fleas were caught from 43 dogs with a flea index of 0.119 and a rate for fleas of 11.63%, 7 pulex were collected from 17 indoor. Forty-three blood serum samples were obtained from dogs, among which 3 were positive blood serum. Conclusions Residents touch affected animals or media in different situations. The possibility of transmission for wild rodent plague to human exists in loci in a chain of wild rodent plague → fleas or predation → homebred animal plague (cats or dogs) →touching or respiratory → human.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Ilizarov technique in treatment of infected tibial defects combined with overlaying skin defects.

METHODSTwenty-one cases with infected tibial defects combined with skin defects were treated between 2001 and 2008 includeing 18 males and 3 females with an average age of 31 years ranging from 19 to 43 years. The length of bone defect ranged from 3 to 13 cm (means 6 cm). Skin defect area was from 3 cm x 3 cm to 6 cm x 10 cm; 11 cases combined with drop foot, 5 cases with arthrocleisis of knee. Preoperative X-ray of the affected limb was performed and zone of skin necrosis was marked, then the point and length of osteotomized bone, and scope of bone and soft tissue need for removing were determined. The internal fixation were removed. Opening irrigation, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and dressing changing were appllied. The skin was fixed with Kirschner wire and bone was transferred with Ilizarov technique in all patients. The lengthening of bone and skin was carried out for 4 to 7 days after surgery, 1/6 to 1/4 mm once, 4 to 6 times a day. The clinical effectiveness was determined mainly through wound and lengthening of skin.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for from 6 to 62 months (means 49.5 months). Fourteen of 21 cases received one stage treatment, there was still secretion from end of bone in 3 patients whose bone healed after debridement, the other 4 patients were cured via trimming end of bone and compression fusion. The defects of bone were extended to full length in 18 patients. Abutting end was slightly absorbed and became rattailed in 2 cases, there was lack of blood supply to abutting ends in one patient who was cured via bone graft from iliac bone. Skin defects was cured in 18 patients with one stage treatment, the other 3 patients were cured after infection was controlled. The deformity of drop foot were corrected in 11 patients, and function of knee was improved in five patients. The external fixator was removed at 1.2 to 2.6 years after surgery. At last, bone infections were cured, defects of bone and skin recovered in all patients.

CONCLUSIONOne stage treatment of infected tibial defects combined with skin defects using Ilizarov technique has minimal invasion with less complex surgeries, could reduce the time and expense of treatment.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Male ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Skin ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Tibia ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVESTo discuss the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and to establish an effective protocol to treat the posterior Monteggia fracture-dislocations of proximal ulna in adult according to our experience.

METHODSBetween April 2004 and December 2007, 16 patients with posterior Monteggia fracture-dislocations were treated surgically, 13 were followed up at a mean of 28 months (range, 12 - 58 months). All the operations were through the posterior midline approach. The fractures of radial head and coronoid process were reduced and fixed, if possible. The proximal ulna fractures were fixed with a single plate in 7 cases, plate combined with K-wires in 2, plate combined with K-wires tension band in 3, and K-wires tension band combined with screws in 1.

RESULTSNo elbow was painful or unstable at the last follow up examination. They had an average of 100 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 145 degrees ) of flexion-extension of elbow. The average motion of forearm rotation was 119 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 170 degrees ). The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was 93.1 points (67 - 100 points), excellent and good results were achieved in 92.3%. The mean system of Broberg and Morrey score was 88.8 points (53 - 100 points), excellent and good results were achieved in 76.9%.

CONCLUSIONSAttention should be paid to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the posterior Monteggia fracture-dislocation of proximal ulna. Anatomically reduction and stable fixation of proximal ulna is the keystone for the surgical treatment.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Bone Wires ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elbow Joint ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monteggia's Fracture ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome