To develop an ophthalmic preparation of Shedan, an in situ forming gel was prepared with the formulation containing 18% of poloxamer 407 and 5% of poloxamer 188 by response surface designs plus central composite designs. The rheology results showed that LVE range gamma should limited within 0.5%, Shedan high-frequency region, and the thixotropy recovery time is less than 5 seconds. The phase transition temperature was 33.25 °C according to curve of storage modulus and loss modulus determined by temperature scanning. Surface tension and osmometer of it determined by surface tension meter and dew point osmometer were 36.43 mN · m(-1), and 320.6 mOsm · kg(-1), respectively. Fluorescein sodium was selected as the marker to monitor the corneal residence time, and the results showed that Shedan gel could prolong drug residence for 180 min. In line with zero-order kinetics, releases of muscone and salvianolic acid B in vitro depends on gels erosion. The results of rabbit ocular irritation experiments suggested that Shedan in situ forming gel was biocompatible and nonirritant. In conclusion, a novel Shedan in situ forming gel was developed and characterized for potential drug treatment of retinal vein occlusion.
Animals ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Cycloparaffins ; chemistry ; Female ; Gels ; chemistry ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; drug therapy ; Viscosity

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of intrapleural injection with urokinase ( UK) in the treatment of tubercu-lous pyothorax. Methods:Totally 120 patients with tuberculous pyothorax were randomly divided into two groups. The vomicae in the control group were rinsed with 5% sodium bicarbonate, and those in the observation group were treated with UK. The total effective rate, symptom relief time, closure time of vomicae, pleural thickness changes and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. Results:The total effective rate of the control group and the observation group respectively was 81. 7% and 98. 3%, which showed sta-tistically significant difference (P<0. 01). The symptom remission time and the pus cavity closure time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P<0. 05). The pleural thickness of the observation group was thinner than that of the control group at the end of the treatment (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01). Conclusion:The curative effect of UK in the treatment of tuberculous pyothorax is better than that of sodium bicarbonate, however, it is necessary to pay attention to monitoring such adverse reactions as bleeding, low heat and the others.

OBJECTIVETo probe into periostin's role in the pathological mechanism of hyperplasic scars, by examining the expression of periostin in hyperplasic scar tissues. To investigate the correlations between periostin and TGF-beta1, TGF-beta R I, TGF-beta R II.

METHODSRT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta R I, TGF-beta R II in three kinds of tissues, which are keloid (K), hypertrophic scar (HS) and normal skin (SK). The protein expression of periostin was measured with Western blotting.

RESULTSThe mRNA level of periostin in K was higher than that in SK. The mRNA expression of TGF-beta1 in K was higher than that in HS and SK. The mRNA level of TGF-beta R I in K was higher than that in HS and SK. The significances above all was at P < 0.01. The protein expression level of periostin in HS increased, compared with that in SK (P < 0.05). Periostin was related to TGF-beta1 positively (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe periostin's expression is increased in keloids. Periostin is a cicatrix specific gene. Periostin appears to play an important role in the formation of keloids, which is related to TGF-beta1 closely.

Adult ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keloid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo optimize the process of extracting effective constituents from lotus leaf.

METHODIndependent variables were ethanol concentration reflux time and solvent fold, dependent variables were extraction rates of nuciferine and flavone in lotus leaf, central composite design and response surface methodology were used for optimization of extraction of lotus leaf.

RESULTThe optimum conditions of extraction process were 75% -80% ethanol, 2-3 hours for reflux, 20-25 fold solvent and 2 times for extraction. Bias between observed and predicted of rates of nuciferine and flavone values were 5.53%, -6.02%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe values observed and predicted were close to each other, which proved that the optimization of of extraction of lotus leaf by central composite design and response surface methodology was reasonable and successful.

Aporphines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Loteae ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo find the best condition of the preparation technology of Flos Magnoliae essential oil-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.

METHODL9(3(4)) table was used to examine the effects of 4 factors, and the inclusion rate of each test was determined of orthogonal test.

RESULTThe best condition was:oil:beta-cyclodextrin:water = 1:8:60 (mL:g:mL), stirring for 1 hour at 80 degrees C.

CONCLUSIONThe complex prepared on the condition aforementioned is stable and stirring has a highest inclusion rate.

Cyclodextrins ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; beta-Cyclodextrins

To investigate whether masticatory fatigue affects the fracture resistance and pattern of lower premolars restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown, 44 single rooted lower premolars recently extracted from orthodontic patients were divided into two groups of 22 each. The crowns of all teeth were removed and endodontically treated and then restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown. Twenty-two teeth in one group were selected randomly and circularly loaded at 45° to the long axis of the teeth of 127.4 N at a 6 Hz frequency, and the other group was not delivered to cyclic loading and considered as control. Subsequently, all teeth in two groups were continually loaded to fail at 45° to the long axis of the teeth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm⋅min(-1). The mean destructive force values were (733.88±254.99) and (869.14±280.26) N for the experimental and the control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found between two groups (P>0.05). Bevel fracture and horizontal fracture in the neck of root were the major fracture mode of the specimens. Under the circumstances of this study, it seems that cyclic loading does not affect the fracture strength and pattern of the quartz-fiber post-core-crown complex.
Acid Etching, Dental ; methods ; Adult ; Bicuspid ; Bite Force ; Chromium Alloys ; chemistry ; Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Dental Stress Analysis ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Methacrylates ; chemistry ; Phosphoric Acids ; chemistry ; Post and Core Technique ; instrumentation ; Quartz ; chemistry ; Resin Cements ; chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Fractures ; physiopathology ; Tooth Root ; injuries ; Tooth, Nonvital ; rehabilitation

OBJECTIVETo prepare tuizhang gel to cure cataract, the characteristics of Tuizhang gel on the drug-releasing in vitro were evaluated by compared with Tuizhang oculentum.

METHODThe emodin and chrysophanol in the releasing mediator were determined by HPLC, and the drug releasing characteristics of Tuizhang gel and Tuizhang oculentum were studied by bag filter method.

RESULTThe emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released (98.3, 1.1)%, (95.8, 1.8)% within 24 hours, respectively, while those in tuizhang oculentum released (10.62, 0.7)%, (10.46, 0.4)%, respectively. The emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released more quickly and completely than in Tuizhang oculentum, so Tuizhang gel has enhanced the bioavailability.

CONCLUSIONThe Tuizhang gel is characterized by slow-release to some degree, and it shows a promising future on ophthalmic drug delivery.

Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Emodin ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; Ointments ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Compared with traditional drying methods for Chinese materia medica, microwave drying technology is not only with the features of easy and convenient to operate, rapidity, good effects, well remained appearance of medicine and low energy consumption, but also with the feature of extraordinary sterilization effects at the same time with drying. This article introduced the features and effects of microwave drying and sterilization technology, reviewed its application in the TCM field, and proposed existing problems and prospects in the recent research by targeting security problems (microwave radiation and microwave residue).

OBJECTIVETo evaluate different methods by treating water-decocted liquid of 6 Chinese medical herbs and 4 co-prescription respectively with alcohol, ultrafilter, macroporousresin and clarifier.

METHODThe contents of target component in those extracts were determined with HPLC or titration, and quantitative and qualitative determination of the impurity components, such as polysaccharide and protein, was made.

RESULTEach method showed its advantages and disavantages.

CONCLUSIONDifferent method can be chosen according to the clinical and preparation demands or the characteristic of components.

Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on lupus nephritis (LN) in MRL/lpr mice.

METHODSMRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis were randomized into model group and TGP group. The urinary protein content was detected using Coomassie brilliant blue, and the serum levels of IgG anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in the renal pathology were examined microscopically, and the spleen and thymus were weighed to calculate the spleen and thymus indexes.

RESULTSAt 15 and 30 days after TGP administration, the urinary protein content in the TGP group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). TGP treatment significantly lowered the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA and the weight and index of spleen (P<0.05), resulting also in lessened renal pathology at 30 days after the administration. Compared to those before TGP treatment, the urinary protein content and the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA decreased significantly at 15 and 30 days after TGP administration (P<0.05), while in the model group, the level of anti-dsDNA increased significantly without obvious changes in urinary protein content or ANA. At 30 days after TGP administration, the urinary protein content was significantly lowered in the TGP group as compared to that at 15 days (P<0.05), but the antibodies showed no significant changes.

CONCLUSIONTGP can reduce urinary protein content and serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA, and lessen renal pathology in MRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis, suggesting its therapeutic effect on lupus nephritis.

Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; DNA ; immunology ; Female ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Lupus Nephritis ; blood ; drug therapy ; urine ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Proteinuria ; drug therapy