Cranial Fontanelles ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Anal Canal ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Anus Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-20 ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; analysis ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; metabolism ; secretion ; surgery ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secretion ; surgery

C-Reactive Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To evaluate the value of transrectal real-time tissue elastography (RTE) targeted prostate biopsy in the peripheral zone combined with peak strain index.Methods One hundred and forty-one patients with suspicious prostate lesions in the peripheral zone were evaluated from February 2011 to February 2014.All the patients underwent RTE with a mean age of 71.6 years,PSA of 30 ng/ml,prostate volume of 50.3 ml and measured peak strain index (PSI).The diagnostic value of PSI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Two-core RTE combined with PSI targeted prostate biopsy was taken and subsequently a 10-core systematic biopsy was taken.The value of RTE was evaluated.The data of targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy in prostate were both reviewed and statistically compared.Results Cancer was detected in 72 of 141 patients (PSI,mean 24.79),and 69 patients had benign prostate disease (PSI,mean 3.02).PSI value of prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of the benign lesions (P ＜ 0.05).Prostate cancer could be predicted with the highest sensitivity (87.5％) and specificity (88.6％) using the cutoff value of PSI ≥ 5.97 with an area under the curve of 0.95.RTE targeted biopsy combined with PSI could detect 95.6％ of moderate or high risk prostate cancer.One hundred and fifty-nine suspicious areas detected by RTE in 141 patients were biopsied with 2 cores for each area.The positive incidence of prostate cancer in RTE-targeted biopsy cores was 44％ and in systematic biopsy was 30.2％ (P ＜ 0.05).Among the 72 prostate cancer patients,63 cases (87.5％) were detected by RTE-targeted biopsy,62 cases (86.1％) by systematic biopsy (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions RTE combined PSI can improve the detection rate of prostate cancer in the peripheral zone and likewise guide targeted biopsy combined with svstematic biopsy to detect more moderate or high risk prostate cancer.

Tumor associate macrophages ( TAMs) play a significant role in the interaction of tumor inflam-mative microenvironment and tumor cells .TAMs originate from monocytic precursors ,recruiting into tumor tissue by colony stimulating factor ( CSF) .This review summarized that TAMs promote tumor progression and metastasis though angiogenesis ,lymphogenesis , immunosuppression , matrix remodeling and affecting cancer stem cells .The article pointed that targeting TAMs is a new strategy for future tumor therapy .

Humans ; Radiography ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; diagnostic imaging

Studies have found that metformin is not only the preferred drug for lowering blood sugar, but also shows lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects. The purpose of this study was to use a hyperlipidemia hamster model to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of metformin and its effect on important metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism disorders. Fifty golden hamsters were divided into a control group, a model group, metformin high- and low-dose groups, and a simvastatin group. A high-fat diet was fed for 1 week to create the model, and then drug was administered for 11 weeks with the high-fat diet. Serum was taken for measurement of blood lipid and blood glucose at 2, 6, and 9 weeks after administration, and at weeks 3, 5, and 9 feces and urine were collected for ¹H NMR metabolomics tests. After 11 weeks of intravenous injection of [U-¹³C₆] glucose, serum was collected for a ¹³C NMR metabolic flux test. The results showed that the administration of metformin can significantly reduce blood lipids and glucose levels and can significantly affect metabolic pathways such as sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, ketone metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and intestinal flora metabolism. The results of the metabolic flux analysis showed that the high-fat diet reduced the metabolism of tricarboxylic acids by 37.48%. After administration of low and high doses of metformin the metabolism of tricarboxylic acid increased by 98.14% and 143.10%, respectively. After administration of simvastatin tricarboxylic acid metabolism increased by 33.18%. The results indicate that metformin has a significant effect on promoting energy metabolism. This study used a combination of metabolomics and metabolic flow to explore the effect of metformin on lipid metabolism disorders and quantifies changes in the key pathway of energy metabolism-the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study provides useful information for the study of the efficacy and mechanism of metformin, as well as a practical technical method for the screening of lipid-lowering drugs based on a hamster model.

Objective To investigate the types,antimicrobial resistance,and disinfectant resistance of pathogens isolated from hospital environmental inanimate surfaces and hands of health care workers (HCWs).Methods Pathogens isolated from hospital environmental inanimate surfaces and hands of HCWs in intensive care units and general wards in 16 hospitals in Beijing were performed bacterial identification,antimicrobial susceptibility testing,and disinfectant re-sistance testing. The carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes and disinfectant genes in pathogens were also detec-ted.Results A total of 979 specimens were collected from inanimate surfaces and hands of HCWs in 16 hospitals,75 (7.66% )pathogenic strains were isolated,78.67% of which were gram-negative bacilli. The top 3 pathogens were Pseud-omonasaeruginosa (P.aeruginosa,n= 24),Enterobactercloacae (E. cloacae,n= 14),and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae,n= 4 ). One P. aeruginosa strain was resistant to aztreonam,gentamycin,tobramycin,ciprofloxacin,and levofloxacin;One E. cloacae strain was resistant to piperacillin,7 strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin;4 K. pneumoni-ae strains were all resistant to piperacillin,2 were resistant to cephalosporins,and 1 was resistant meropenem. P. aerugi-nosahad7drug-resistantgenes,positiverateofmirwas100.00% ;E.cloacaehad4drug-resistantgenes,positiveratesof tem 1and shv were both 100.00% ;K. pneumoniae had 5 drug-resistant genes,positive rates of shv and mir were both 100.00% . The resistant rates of P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae to chlorhexidine gluconate were 4.17% and 57.14% re-spectively,to trichloroisocyanuric acid were both 50.00% ,positive rates of drug-resistant genes (qacE△1-sul 1)were 79. 17% and 57.14% respectively;K. pneumoniae had no resistance to two kinds of disinfectant,dug-resistance gene was not found.Conclusion Multiple common pathogens which can cause healthcare-associated infection exist in hospital environ-mental inanimate surfaces and hands of HCWs,which are dominated by gram-negative bacilli,pathogens had resistance to antimicrobial agents and disinfectant in different degrees.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of TCM syndromes of Tourette syndrome (TS) to find out the basis for its TCM treatment. Methods Based on the preliminary studies,the TCM syndrome scale of TS is designed to investigate the general data,main symptoms and syndromes of 126 cases of TS children to find out the frequency of each syndrome. Results Of the 126 TS cases,97 were males,accounting for 77%; the average age was 8.31 years; and 32 had a positive family history,accountting for 25.4%. In the tic behavior,the facial twitching and limb twitching occupied 91.6% of the muscular stereotyped tic. In the vocal behavior,the throat and nasal sound occupied 42.1%. In the accompanied symptoms,the inattention occupied 69.8%. In the personality offset,the willfulness occupied 49.2%,irritable hyperactivity occupied 78.6%,and silence occupied 7.1%. More than 50% of the patients had red or dark red tongue with thick or sticky coating. Nearly 70% of them had string-taut or rolling pulse. As for the syndromes,heart-liver deficiency with deficiency wind stirred up,and liver-kidney yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity stirring up wind were common,being 41.3% and 34.1% respectively. Conclusion TS takes the heart-liver deficiency with deficiency wind stirred up and liver-kidney yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity stirring up wind as the common syndromes. The basic treating principle is enriching yin and reducing yang,and smoothing the liver to stop wind. At the same time,reinforcing the spleen and nourishing the heart,and dissolving phlegm and enlightening the brain should be applied for treatment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and clinical efficacy of staged endo-scopic treatment for refractory ureteral calculus. Methods Eighteen refractory ureteral calculus ea-ses (11 males and 7 females) treated with staged endoscopic treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range 2-65 years). Of the 18 cases, 2 had bilateral ure-teral calculi. Of the 20 ureteral calculi, 11 were in the upper, 6 were in the middle and 3 in the lower part of ureter. The mean diameter of the calculi was 0.9 cm (range 0.4-1.6 cm). Staged endoscopic treatment was offered to patients because of failure of ureterscopic lithotripsy or extracoporeal shock-wave lithotrispy caused by uretreal twist or eongential narrow. For all the cases, it was hard to com-pletely clear all the stone load and ureteral stents or percutaneous nephrostomy were performed to drain the kidney in the first session. Then, the calculi were removed by endoscopic manipulations in the second or third session. Results Thirteen patient's calculi were completely cleared in the second sessions 40-50 d after the first operation. The other 5 cases had to accept the third session 50-60 d after the second operations. There was no intra- or post-operative complication in all cases. During the 6 months' follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence. Conclusion Staged endoscopic treatment is a feasible and safe method and has high efficiency in the management of refractory ureteral calculi.