Objective To investigate the value of transrectal Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CETRUS)to discriminate benign and cancerous nodules in prostate. Methods Fifty-five patients with hypoechoic lesions(35 biopsy-proven benign nodules and 32 prostate cancer nodules)in the prostate underwent Color and power Doppler uhrasonography(PDUS),and the parameter of peak vascularization index(PVI)in each prostate nodule was recorded and the differences of PVI in the benign and cancerous nodules were analyzed.CETRUS was then performed on all cases.The enhancement patterns of the lesions and their surrounding peripheral zone tissues were observed.After CETRUS,lesion-specific TRUS-guided biopsy and the routine sextant biopsy were performed subsequently. Results PVI of 32 prostate cancerous nodules and 35 prostate benign nodules were (0.38±0.16),(0.24±0.19),respectively,measured by color Doppler ultrasonography.And the former was significantly higher than the latter(P=0.0023).PVI of the cancerous nodules and the benign nodules were(0.55±0.18),(0.32±0.21)(P<0.01).Malignant lesions showed significant increased peak intensity and earlier arrival time compared with their surrounding outer gland tissue,while benign lesions showed nearly equal peak intensity and time to enhancement compared with their surrounding gland tissue by CETRUS. Conclusions PVI measured by PDUS was more effective than that measured by color Doppler to discriminate benign and cancerous nodules in prostate.CETRUS could be helpful in discriminatory performance of benign and cancerous nodules in prostate.

Studies have found that metformin is not only the preferred drug for lowering blood sugar, but also shows lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects. The purpose of this study was to use a hyperlipidemia hamster model to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of metformin and its effect on important metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism disorders. Fifty golden hamsters were divided into a control group, a model group, metformin high- and low-dose groups, and a simvastatin group. A high-fat diet was fed for 1 week to create the model, and then drug was administered for 11 weeks with the high-fat diet. Serum was taken for measurement of blood lipid and blood glucose at 2, 6, and 9 weeks after administration, and at weeks 3, 5, and 9 feces and urine were collected for ¹H NMR metabolomics tests. After 11 weeks of intravenous injection of [U-¹³C₆] glucose, serum was collected for a ¹³C NMR metabolic flux test. The results showed that the administration of metformin can significantly reduce blood lipids and glucose levels and can significantly affect metabolic pathways such as sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, ketone metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and intestinal flora metabolism. The results of the metabolic flux analysis showed that the high-fat diet reduced the metabolism of tricarboxylic acids by 37.48%. After administration of low and high doses of metformin the metabolism of tricarboxylic acid increased by 98.14% and 143.10%, respectively. After administration of simvastatin tricarboxylic acid metabolism increased by 33.18%. The results indicate that metformin has a significant effect on promoting energy metabolism. This study used a combination of metabolomics and metabolic flow to explore the effect of metformin on lipid metabolism disorders and quantifies changes in the key pathway of energy metabolism-the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study provides useful information for the study of the efficacy and mechanism of metformin, as well as a practical technical method for the screening of lipid-lowering drugs based on a hamster model.

Objective To investigate the effects of ibutilide and amiodarone on the ventricular transmural heteroge-neity of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Methods Eighty-seven patients with paroxymal atrial fibrillation at 48 h~7 d were enrolled and randomized to two groups, ibutilide and amiodarone treat-ment groups. The successful rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm was compared between two groups. The electrocardiograph-ic QT interval and Tpeak-end/QT ratio were also analyzed before and after treatment in two groups. Results The successful rate of cardioversion was significantly higher in ibutilide group than that of amiodarone group (61.7%vs 40.7%, P＜0.05). The QT intervals and Tpeak-end/QT ratio were both significantly increased in ibutilide group (P＜0.05), which were re-turned to the levels before treatment in 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively (P＜0.05). The QT intervals were significantly in-creased in the amiodarone group (P＜0.01), which were continued until 4 h after treatment. There were no significant differ-ences in the Tpeak-end/QT ratios before and after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion The successful rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm for atrial fibrillation by ibutilide was significantly higher compared with that of amiodarone. Ibutilide slightly in-creased the transmural heterogeneity of repolarization within the first hour, which may increase the risk of ventricular arrhyth-mia.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Codon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Point Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GbE) on learning and memory deficit induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)), and explore its mechanisms.

METHODSThe rat models with learning and memory deficit were induced by administering via gastrogavage and drinking of AlCl(3) solution. And the model rats were treated with GbE at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg every day for 2 months accompanied with drinking of AlCl(3) solution, respectively. Their abilities of spatial learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze, and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in serum was assayed with chemical method, the AChE expression in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry assay, and then quantitative analysis was done by BI 2000 image analysis system.

RESULTSLearning and memory deficit of rats could be induced by AlCl(3) solution (P < 0.01), and AChE expressions in rats hippocampus were increased (P < 0.01); GbE ameliorated learning and memory deficit and reduced AChE expression in rats hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner, while GbE significantly increased serum AChE activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg each day (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGbE can ameliorate learning and memory deficit induced by AlCl(3), which may be due to its inhibition of the AChE expression in hippocampus.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Aluminum Compounds ; toxicity ; Animals ; Chlorides ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ginkgo biloba ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Structures ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reaction Time

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L^-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in gingival tissue of active and stable stage in patients with adult periodontitis.

METHODS12 patients with acute abscesses of the periodontium, 12 patients after periodontal initial treatment and 6 periodontal healthy patients having extraction of impacted wisdom tooth were randomly divided into group A (active stage group), group B (stable stage group) and the control group. Biopsies of gingival tissues were collected from every subject of three groups. Technique of in situ hybridization was applied to observe the expression of IL-10 mRNA in the biopsies from three groups semi-quantitatively.

RESULTSIL-10 mRNA was positively expressed in lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. The quantity of IL-10 mRNA of group A was the lowest in the three groups and was significantly lower than that of control group and group B respectively (P < 0.01). The quantity of IL-10 mRNA of group B was the highest in the three groups and was significantly higher compared with the control group and group A (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe quantities of IL-10 mRNA expression are closely related with various clinical states of periodontitis.

Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Gingiva ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complications of percutaneous kyphoplasty except bone leakge for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures.

METHODSFrom October 2008 to October 2012,178 patients with 224 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anethsia. There were 72 males and 106 females,ranging in age from 58 to 92 years old,with an average of 75.3 years,including 93 thoracic vertebrae and 131 lumbar vertebrae. The complications except bone cement leakage were analyzed during operation and after operation.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and all patients were followed up from 12 to 60 months with an average of 26.2 months. No death was found. Bone cement leakage occurred in 27 cases, about 15.1% in 178 cases; and complications except bone cement leakage occurred in 15 cases. There was 1 case with cardiac arrest,was completely recovery by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately; and 1 case with temporary absence of breathing,was recovery after treatment. There were 3 cases with fall of blood pressure and slower of heart rate; 1 case with intestinal obstruction; 2 cases with local hematoma and 1 case with intercostal neuralgia. Vertebral body fractures of 2 cases were split by bone cement and the fractures of adjacent body occurred in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONIt's uncommon complication except bone cement leakge in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous kyphoplasty. The complication of cardiopulmonary system is a high risk in surgery; and cytotoxicity of bone cement,nervous reflex,fat embolism and alteration of intravertebral pressure may be main reasons.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; adverse effects ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo establish a sensitive and specific technique for detecting HBV DNA in serum using HBV DNA probe labeled directly by alkaline phosphatase (AlkPhos Direc probe).

METHODSThe probe that purified HBV DNA sequence was labeled directly by alkaline phosphatase and chemiluminescent substrate CDP-star for AP was used in the hybridization assay. HBV DNA was detected by autoradiography on the film. The test compared the chemiluminescen dot blot hybridization assay for 80 samples with digoxigenin-labeled HBV DNA probe detective method. The correlation of 70 samples test results between fluorescent quantitative HBV DNA PCR method and dot blot hybridization assay by AlkPhos Direc probe was analysed.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of the probe labeled directly by alkaline phosphatase was 10pg at least. The coincidence was 100% compared with digoxigenin-labeled HBV DNA probe detection. A correlation coefficient of HBV DNA quantitative results between fluorescent quantitative HBV DNA PCR (QPCR) method and dot blot hybridization assay by AlkPhos Direc probe was 0.98 (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe method detecting HBV DNA in serum by HBV DNA AlkPhos Direc probe is sensitive and specific. The results between two methods with AlkPhos Direc and digoxigenin-labeled HBV DNA probe are coincident completely. The correlation of HBV DNA quantitative results between fluorescent QPCR method and dot blot hybridization assay by AlkPhos Direc probe is satisfactory.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Animals ; DNA Probes ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; diagnosis ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; methods ; standards ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate the outcome of a new designed extramedullary femoral osteotomy module and to compare with conventional intramedullary system in clinical study.Methods The extramedullary femoral osteotomy module was designed with the extramedullary alignment rod connecting with the T type rod at right angle,and it had a 5°-7° adjustable valgus design.The positioning module fixation screw was parallel with the epicondylar axis.The coronal plane of the distal femur bone cut was orientated by the extramedullary alignment rod pointing to the inguinal midpoint,and the sagittal plane was orientated by the extramedullary alignment rod keeping parallel with the distal femoral medullary cavity.The terminal distal femoral bone cut was conducted with suitable osteotomy after the orientation.Sixty patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from October 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into intramedullary and extramedullary group for prospective controlled study.Blood loss,drainage and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were evaluated at one week postoperatively.Knee valgus angle and femoral prosthesis flexion angle were analyzed at two weeks postoperatively.Moreover,the extramedullary femoral osteotomy module was used in 273 patients (78 males and 195 females) with an average age of 68.7 (range,57-82 years old) who underwent unilateral TKA from April 2016 to January 2017.Blood loss,operation duration and lower limb ultrasonography preoperatively and at one week postoperatively were recorded.Knee valgus angle and femoral prosthesis flexion angle were measured at 2 weeks postoperatively.Range of knee motion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score at six weeks postoperatively were also reported.Results In the randomized controlled trial,blood loss and drainage in extramedullary group was less than that in intramedullary group (t=-3.330,P=0.004).There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT at 1 week postoperatively (x2=2.269,P=0.132) and the knee valgus angle and femoral prosthesis flexion angle at 2 weeks postoperatively within the two groups.In the clinical application,operation time was 60.13± 13.69 min,and blood loss and drainage was 109.11±70.73 ml.There were four cases of popliteal vein thrombosis,nine cases of posterior tibial vein thrombosis,and seventeen cases of muscular venous thrombosis at one week postoperatively.The incidence rate of DVT was 11.0％.There was no symptomatic pulmonary embolism at three months postoperatively.Knee valgus angle was 7.34°±0.69°,and 211 knees accounting for 77.3％ were in the range of ±3° error.Femoral prosthesis flexion angle was 6.43°±1.59°,and 273 knees were all in the range of ±10° error.Range of knee motion improved from 54.52±5.96 preoperative to 86.20±4.92 at six weeks postoperative.HSS knee score improved from 100.88°±7.51° preoperative to 110.42°±7.08° at six weeks postoperative.Conclusion The new designed extramedullary femoral osteotomy module used in distal femoral osteotomy during TKA can significantly reduce the risk of bleeding and the incidence rate of DVT postoperatively.Furthermore,patients can obtain as excellent prosthesis position and limb alignment as conventional intramedullary system.