ObjectiveTo observe the different mode of administration of lidocaine on hemodynamic effects during self-retaining laryngoscope.Methods75 adult patients,underwent selective operations of removal and biopsy of the vocal polype,epiglottis or laryngeal tumor via self-retaining laryngoscope under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into three groups,with 25 cases for each.Group Ⅰ was the control group; Group Ⅱ was the throat spraying group;Group Ⅲ was the intravenous drug group.The incidence of irritating cough and the changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP) and hear rate(HR) were observed during operations.ResultsThe incidence of irritating cough in group Ⅱ was lower than in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).MAP,HR in group Ⅱ was also lower than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ during extubation( all P ＜0.05).However there were no significant differences on MAP,HR between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ during extubation( all P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionLidocaine spraying on larynx could alleviate irritating cough and had significant preventive effect on cardiovascular response,and the effect in this method was superior to intravenous injection.

Objective The aim of this article is to study the clinical features, image, electroencephalogram and gene mutation of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with MELAS and to improve understanding of the disease. Methods Clinical data was collected from 12 MELAS cases. Their clinical symptoms, head imageological result,electroencephalo-gram and gene mutation were analyzed. Results The average onset age was 28 years old. The main manifestations of 12 patients were epilepsy(66.7%), stroke-like episodes(50.0%), mental behavious disorder and decrease of perceive (41.7%),diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance(41.7%), hearing impairment(41.7%). The imaging results showed long T1, long T2 and high signals on DWI. The nidus involved occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe most. Five of six cases undergoing MRS imaging had large lactate peak at 1.33 ppm. There were 9 cases carrying mtDNA A3243G muta-tion. Conclusion The clinical presentation of MELAS is highly variable without any obvious specificity on MRI and EEG. Large lactate peak on MRS may indicate the disease. Most patients carry A3243G mutation.

Aim The effect of capsule bushenyanshou (BSYS), a compound of traditional Chinesemedicine, on the immunopharmacological activities of mice was investigated. MethodsThe indexes of immunopharmacological activity, such as the clearance rate of charcoalparticles, the lymphocyte transformation and the content of serum hemolysin, were mea-sured. Results Capsule BSYS (400, 800 mg?kg-1, qd ? 12) markedly increased theclearance rate of iv charcoal particles and 1he lymphocyte transformation stimulated invivo by PHA in mice. In hydrocortisone -treated mice(15 mg? kg-1, sc, qd ? 5), capsuleBSYS significantly enhanced the content of serum hemolysin and the weights of spleenand thymus. The results also demonstrated capsule BSYS performed a sighted inhibition ofthe delayed type hypersensitivity in mice. Conclusion Capsule BSYS has the capacity ofimmunological intensification and regulation.

OBJECTIVE To reverse multidrug resistance(MDR)to chemotherapeutic agents in human laryngeal cancer cells(LSC-1/TAX)by knockdown the expression of P-glycoprotein(P-GP), the MDR1 gene product, using RNA interference(RNAi)technique.METHODS LSC-1/TAX cells were transfected with lentivirus vector that contains the shRNA construct targeting MDR1 mRNA.The drug resistance was measured by MTT assay in vitro, and sensitivity of the laryngeal cancer cells to various anti-neoplasm agents was quantified in vivo.The knockdown of MDR1 gene expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry in vitro and vivo.RESULTS Multidrug resistance phenotype in human laryngeal cancer cell line (LSC-1/TAX)was reversed in vitro.Tumor growth assay in vivo revealed a reverse of MDR in the laryngeal cancer cells.Immunocytochemistry showed that P-GP expression was significantly inhibited.CONCLUSION MDR1 shRNA lentivirus vectors can significantly inhibited MDR1 expression.Inhibition of MDR1 gene expression conferred an increased sensitivity of drug-resistant in laryngeal cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective To analyze the mammographic features of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)compared to those of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).Methods Twenty cases with ILC and 95 cases with IDC were retrospectively evaluated by two breast radi-ologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)lexicon.The mammographic findings were com-pared between ILC and IDC with the independent samples chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test,as appropriate.Results Mass was the most common finding in both ILCs and IDCs,but less frequent in ILCs (36.4% vs 63.9%,P =0.008).Mass in ILCs was more frequently lobular or irregular shape with spiculated margin.Architectural distortion and focal asymmetry were more frequent in ILCs than in IDCs,however,the differences were no significant.The frequency of calcifications was not significantly different between the two groups.The distributions of calcifications were more regional in ILCs,and more segmental or linear in IDCs (P =0.01).Conclu-sion ILCs are more usually shown as non-mass appearances on mammography.ILCs that appeared as mass are more frequently ir-regular in shape with spiculated margins.

Objective To analyze the institutional cooperation networks of 137 military hospitals in terms of published papers, trends of cooperation and co-authorship in order to guide the cooperation between military hospitals.Methods The institutional cooperation, co-authorship, author-keyword co-occurrence and author-subject co-occurrence in the 137 military hospitals were analyzed with the Thomson data analyzer( TDA) software.Results and Conclusion The institutional coop-eration between military hospitals could be divided into 5 types and were based on the principle of proximity of locations and similiarity of research.The cooperaiton circle with Chinese PLA General Hospital as the center was expanded over time. The institutional cooperation between military and civilian hospitals was also based on the principle of proximity of locations and similiarity of research.Cooperation between productive authors mainly occurred in the same research group but co-au-thorship outside the research group was scarce.The potential competition or cooperation between research fields and authors can be analyzed by comparing co-authorship and author-keyword co-occurrence.

AIM:To explore the expression and possible function of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in striated myogenesis and the differentiated C2C12 cells.METHODS: H3R and myogenesis late marker myosin heavy chain (MHC) were detected at mRNA and protein levels during C2C12 myogenesis.H3R antagonist ciproxifan was added and the expression of the myogenesis early marker desmin, intermediate markers myogenin and MHC was detected.Differentia-ted myoblasts were loaded with Fluo-4 calcium indicator dye and the effect of R-( a)-methylhistamine ( RMeHA) on the cy-toplasmic calcium concentration was determined under the 200 mA electrical stimulation.RESULTS: The expression of H3R and MHC was increased during myogenesis.Ciproxifan incubation had no influence on the 3 striated myogenesis mar-kers (P>0.05).In C2C12 myoblasts, RMeHA (10 nmol/L~100 μmol/L) effectively diminished cytoplasmic calcium peak when the cells were electrically paced (P<0.05).The best inhibitory effect of RMeHA was observed at dose of 100 nM for 10 min and 20 min, which was higher than that for 5 min (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: H3R might have little effect on the myogenic differentiation, but diminishes cytoplasmic calcium peak of the differentiated myoblasts under electri-cal stimulation.

AIM: To investigate the influence of He-Ne laser on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and collagen formation of fibroblast in filtration site after trabeculectomy in rabbit, and to discuss the mechanism for preventing scar formation with He-Ne laserin vivo.METHODS: The upper nasal limbus area next to the upper rectus muscle in right eyes Received 10 minutes He-Ne laser irradiation (200mW/cm2) every day for three days, the left eyes served as control. Twenty-four hours after the last irradiation, both eyes of the rabbits were took trabeculectomy surgery. The expressions of CTGF in the filtration area were tested on the 7th, 14th and 28th day after surgery and collagen density was tested on the 14th and 28th day after surgery. Each of the time point had 7 rabbits. RESULTS: The expression of CTGF was lower than that of the control group's on the 7th and 14th day after trabeculectomy surgery (P=0.01, P=0.005). When examined on the 14th and 28th day, the collagen density of irradiation group were significantly lower than that of the control group's (P=0.013, P=0.01).CONCLUSION: Pretreating the filtration area with 200mW/cm2 He-Ne laser may be helpful in preventing scar formation after trabeculectomy in rabbit, possibly due to downregulation of the expression of CTGF and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. He-Ne laser may be developed into a new scar preventing method in filtration surgery.

Objective To investigate the error monitoring function damages on the patients with schizo?phrenia ( SCH) . Methods A total of 32 patients with schizophrenia were compared with matched 34 health con?trols ( HC) on the error monitoring tasks which were compiled by E?Prime. Results The comparison between SCH group ((713.22±174.52)ms,( 491.14±170.29) ms,( 1060.31±130.84) ms,(8.28±12.55)time,( 8.00± 7.53)time respectively) and HC group ((560.73±156.94) ms,(395.62±188.03) ms,(989.85±104.33) ms, (2.97±4.13) times,(3.12±6.50) times) on the reaction time of choice,assessment,incongruent condition,the numbers of uncertain and the numbers of dropout were significant ( t=-3.737, P=0.000;t=-2.159, P=0.035;t=-2.426, P=0.018;t=-2.282, P=0.022;t=-2.824, P=0.006) . The SCH group and HC group did not signifi?cantly difference in Full Correct((124.72±23.74)/(131.74±21.96)times),Full Error((15.69±17.64)/(13.35± 18.63)times),Part Correct((6.83±10.40)/(4.21±7.03)times),Part Error((2.91±10.91)/(0.62±1.10)times) and Accuracy((0.831±0.161)/(0.874±0.159))(P>0.05).There was no significantly correlation among the course of disease,HAMA,HAMD and the error monitoring. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the error monitoring function damages on the patient with SCH may be involved in the dysfunction of anterior cingulate cortex.

Objective Heart transplantation is an effective treatment of end-stage heart diseases and extending the time of donor heart preservation helps to make up for the shortage of donor hearts. This study was to investigate whether high-pressured mixed gas ( HPMG) of carbon monoxide and oxygen could prolong the time of donor heart preservation and its mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided in-to four groups of equal number:control ( the donor heart isolated but not transplanted) , immediate transplantation ( the donor heart transplanted right after isolated) , HTK-preservation ( the donor heart preserved in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for 24 hours after isolated, and HPMG preservation ( the donor heart preserved in an HPMG chamber with the oxygen partial pressure of 3200 hPa and carbon monoxide partial pressure of 800 hPa for 24 hours after isolated) .Another 36 recipient mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive the donor heart immediately after harvested (n=12), preserved in HTK solution (n=12), or preserved in HPMG (n=12).At 2 hours after transplantation, the status of heart re-beating and cardiac function were compared among different groups of recipient mice.At 24 hours, tissues were taken from the transplanted hearts for examination of pathologic changes by HE stai-ning, detection of the apoptosis of cardiac cells by TUNEL, and determination of the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ) and B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) by Western blot. Resul ts The re-beating rates of the imme-diately transplanted and HPMG-preserved hearts were significantly higher than that of the HTK-preserved ones (P<0.05).At 2 hours after transplantation, the cardiac function scores were 2.5 (2.0-2.9), 0.8 (0.5-1.0), and 4.5 (4.0-4.5) in the immediate implantation, HPMG-preservation and HTK-preservation groups respectively, with statistically significant differences between any two groups (P<0.05).The expressions of LC3-Ⅱand Bcl-2 were 2.06 ±0.29 and 0.87 ±0.18 in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients and 1.24 ±0.20 and 2.07 ±0.32 in the immediately transplanted heart recipients, both higher than 0.13 ±0.03 and 0.19 ±0.02 in the controls and 0.16 ±0.06 and 0.26 ±0.08 in the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.05), the Bcl-2 higher in the HTK-pre-served heart recipients than in the controls (P<0.05), and the LC3-Ⅱ expression higher in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the immediately transplanted heart recipients (P<0.05).HE staining showed that cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were more obvious in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the controls and immediately transplanted heart recipients but less obvious than in the HTK-preserved heart recipients.The rate of cell apoptosis was dramatically increased in the HPMG-and HTK-pre-served heart recipients ([5.04 ±1.77]%and [26.72 ±5.23]%) in comparison with the controls ([1.08 ±0.56]%) (P<0.01) and immediately transplanted heart recipients ([2.13 ±1.71]%) (P<0.01) but decreased in the HPMG as compared with the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.01). Conclusion High-pressured mixed gas preservation can reduce cold ischemia-reperfu-sion injury of the donor heart, which may be associated with its promotion of autophagy, provision of energy to cells, and apoptosis of cardiocytes in the donor heart.