Dysphagia is a common problem in cerebrovascular diseases such as intracerebral hemorrhage , cere-bral infarction and so on . When food or liquid passes through the larynx , it may cause intensively bucking . Nowadays there are no specific drugs , but the swallowing function will progress after acupuncture and rehabili-tation therapy . We searched and analyzed articles on acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia in recent three years . It showed that both of them were effective for the swallowing function of patients. The combination of both therapies receives better effects. However, there are still argu-ments in the clinical using opportunity of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy for the treatment . There are so many methods in the treatment of this disease by acupuncture. Hence, there are no efficient contrasts or standard therapies. In the future, the clinical practice should pay more attention to the therapy of high quality and optimization in order to promote its clinical application .

Objective To analyze composition principles of prescriptions for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen. Methods The prescriptions for diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen in the Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dictionary were collected, sorted and entered into the TCM Inheritance Support System (V1.3) to analyze the composition principles through the methods of entropy clustering and apriori. Results Based on the analysis of 1185 prescriptions and 815 medications, there were 33 medications with more than 50 frequencies. Composition principles were obtained through apriori method:50 herbal pairs were used with more than 50 frequencies, and 29 core combinations with more than 40 frequencies. Association principle rule were used for the analysis of those medications in the prescriptions (support≥20%, confidence≥0.9). Principles were obtained through entropy clustering:there were 19 core combinations which composed the new prescriptions, and 19 new prescriptions were found through hierarchical clustering method. There were 17 prescriptions matching with Sijunzi decoction (semblance=0.5). Conclusion Diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen should be treated with strengthening spleen and benefiting qi primarily, assisting with warming yang, excreting dampness and checking diarrhoea.

Objective To study the effects of mineral-collagen interfacial behavior on the microdamage progression within bone tissue. Methods Based on the finite element model, cohesive elements were introduced and the traction-separation law was used to simulate the role of ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds and van der waals forces. The effects of aforementioned interactions on the microdamage progression within bone were studied by the random field theory and probabilistic failure analysis. Results Strong interfaces (ionic interactions in both opening and sliding modes) between the mineral and collagen phases might encourage the formation of linear cracks in bone, whereas weak interfaces (van der Waals in opening mode and viscous shear in sliding mode) might facilitate the formation of diffuse damages. In addition, there existed a transitional interfacial bonding strength (hydrogen/van der Waals bonds) that governed the transition of microdamage accumulation from linear microcrack to diffuse damage.Conclusions The results from this study will help to understand the effects of mineral collagen interfacial behavior on microdamage accumulation in bone and further investigate the underlying mechanism of bone fracture due to osteoporosis or ageing.

BACKGROUNDDisequilibrium of Th1/Th2 is known as an important cause of allergic asthma with a biased Th2 type response. It has been shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration during post-sensitization modified the inflammation of asthma via upregulating the Th1 response that decrease the Th2 immunity. We would like to know if, during pre-sensitization, the elevated Th1 response is necessary for LPS exposure to modify the asthmatic response.

METHODSDuring pre- or post-sensitization, 40 microg LPS were intraperitoneal injected (i.p.) to asthmatic mice sensitized and challenged by Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinea). Inflammation was assessed by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the number and identity of cells and by cytokine titers measured by ELISA. Semi-quantified RT-PCR was used to evaluate the level of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow (BMDCs).

RESULTSThese investigations demonstrated that LPS exposure during pre-sensitization inhibited the Th2 cytokine and inflammatory infiltration, the same as with LPS exposure during post-sensitization in allergic asthma mice. Contrary to post-sensitization LPS exposure, the Th1 cytokines were not upregulated by pre-sensitization with LPS. Finally, the study failed to show any significant difference between TLR4 mRNA expressed in BMDCs with the two times of LPS exposure.

CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that elevated Th1 immunity is not required for the modification of the Th2 response induced by LPS exposure during pre-sensitization in asthmatic mice and that pre-sensitization differs from post-sensitization. Immune modulation with treatment is independent of TLR4 expression in BMDCs. This study implicates a potential way to protect from allergic disease and an inflammatory response.

Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; immunology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; immunology ; Female ; Lipopolysaccharides ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo find a way to having higher bond strength on mottled enamel.

METHODSSixty mottled enamel first bicuspid teeth extracted from fifteen patients needing orthodontic force were prepared and divided into four groups. Group A was routine acid etched, group B was air abraded, group C was etched by clearfil liner self-etching primer, group D was air abraded and then etched by clearfil liner self-etching primer. Next the bond and resin were used. The shear bond strength was observed and compared. The data were analysed by SPSS 11.5 statistical package.

RESULTSThe shear bonding strength of group A was (2.247 +/- 0.261) MPa, group B was (5.374 +/- 0.469) MPa, group C was (4.345 +/- 0.401) MPa, group D was (5.791 +/- 0.636) MPa. The strengths of four groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of the four groups had no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONIn clinic, using air abrasion surface preparation technique is an acceptable way to enhancing the shear bond strength before sticking the orthodontic bonding on dental fluorosis.

Acid Etching, Dental ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Fluorosis, Dental ; Humans ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Resin Cements ; Shear Strength

OBJECTIVETo investigate the industrial noise over-limit status of the worksites in Guangzhou factories, so as to promote the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards.

METHODS211 factories in Guangzhou were monitored and investigated. The analysis and assessment were developed for the properties and size of the factories, the districts of the factories being located, the industries of the factories being classified and the date of monitoring.

RESULTSIn this understudied factories, most of them were national-owned and joint-ventures, medium size, located in urban, and mainly involved in the industries of manufacturing of motor vehicle, shipping, electron and electric equipment, and the industries of petroleum and chemicals. The prevalence of noise over-limit was higher in joint-ventures (36.0%) and private-run enterprises (31.2%). The over-limit status mainly presented in industries of textile, food and beverage processing, and leather producing, with getting prevalence of over-limit 46.7%, 43.1% and 41.3% respectively. Subsequence were industries of manufacturing of electron and electric equipment, motor vehicle and shipping, and industries of printing and goods producing for culture and sports, with the prevalence for all > 35%. Factories monitored during spring and summer also had higher prevalence of noise over-limit. The similar results were got after adjustment for each other using multivariable regression. The most common over-limit sites mainly focused on the operation of cutting and sawing, milling and planing, pressing, riveting, drilling, jointing, assembling and quality inspecting in industries of mechanism processing and manufacturing, on quality inspecting and packing in industries of pharmacy and food and beverage manufacture, on spinning and scutching in textile industry, and on cleaning and maintaining as assistant jobs, and patrolling and inspecting air-press machine, ventilation machine, dynamotor and pump.

CONCLUSIONNoise in Guangzhou factories widely exists with different industries and districts. To strengthen noise occupational hazards prevention and control for the high risk districts, industries and worksites should be the key job in the future.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Industry ; Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Workplace

Objective To understand emotional, behavioral problems and related determinants among rural stranded children and to provide evidence for further psychological support. Methods A total of 3944 caregivers of children in the rural areas and aged 4 to 7 years but without parents around, were randomly selected. Data were collected through Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (the edition for parents, SDQ). Results The overall prevalence of children with behavioral/emotional problems was 43.6% among those stranded children including 8.3% having experienced emotional symptoms, 9.5% reported to be displaying 'conduct' problems, 8.7% exhibited significant hyperactivity/inattention, 18.9% experienced peer relationship problems and 16.8% having prosocial behaviors. The prevalence of behavioral/emotional problems was significantly higher in boys than those in girls and in lower age groups. Significant differences were also found in conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviors (P<0.01). The result from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as education level and motivation of the caregivers as well as financial support from the parents were related to emotional/ behavioral problems among the stranded children. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was high among children living the rural areas but without their parents around which should call for psychological intervention.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of anastomoses sequence on the hemodynamics in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to investigate the strategy to stabilize the hemodynamics.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to March 2007, 67 patients with serious triple-vessel coronary artery lesions (male 45, female 22) with a age range from 44 to 81-years-old were enrolled for off-pump CABG. All the patients underwent left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending branch (LIMA-LAD) anastomose firstly, followed by the foreword anastomose of the other two vessels. According to the anastomose sequence of posterior descending branch (PDA) and obtuse marginal branch (OM), the patients were divided into three groups. Group I (n = 22) did the sequence of PDA-OM-aortic root (Ao). Group II (n = 14) did the sequence of Ao-PDA-OM. Group III (n = 31) did the sequence of Ao-OM-PDA. The hemodynamics markers, including heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), mean artery pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular-stroke work index (LVSWI) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI), were analyzed before LIMA-LAD anastomose to serve as baseline. And these markers were re-measured at LIMA-LAD anastomose, immediately after LIMA-LAD anastomose, at PDA anastomose and at OM anastomose.

RESULTSAll the patients survived after off-pump CABG. Compared with the baseline, there were no significant hemodynamic changes when doing LIMA-LAD anastomose. When the anastomose finished, the hemodynamic indices improved significantly. When performing OM anastomose, HR and CVP increased significantly, and MAP, CI, LVSWI and RVSWI decreased remarkably in group I and group III, while there were no significant changes of MAP, CI and RVSWI in group II . When performing PDA anastomose, HR and CVP increased significantly, and MAP, CI, LVSWI and RVSWI decreased remarkably in group I and group II, while there were no significant hemodynamic changes in group III except HR.

CONCLUSIONProximal anastomose first when performing off-pump CABG, followed by distal anastomoses of target vessels is beneficial to those who have hard exposure and difficult anastomose of OM and PDA.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic lesions of arteries of lower extremities and metabolic disorders in patients with diabetic foot. Methods Three hundreds and sixty two patients with type 2 diabetes were selected, including 232 males and 130 females, with average age of (64.9?11.2) years and the average diabetic duration of (9.2?7.5) years. Atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries were detected by type B ultrasound. According to severity of lesions of femoral, popliteal and tibial arteries, the patients were classified into four groups: A-control group, B-plague formation (plague), C-arterial stenosis (stenosis) (luminal narrowing≥50%) and D-arterial occlusion (occlusion). Fasting blood glucose, GHbAlc and lipid levels (Total cholesteral, TC; Triglyceride, TG; Low density iipoprotein, LDL) were tested in all patients. Results (1)GHbAlc levels in group B and group C were significantly different from that in group A respectively[(8.4?2.2%)vs(7.8?2.2%),P

HCAP1 is a novel hepatic cancer related gene located on human chromosome 17p13.3. The loss of heterozygosity occurred at 17p13.3 in various human cancers. In order to investigate the effects of exogenous HCAP1 gene products on cell proliferation of T lymphoma Jurkat cell line, HCAP1 gene! was transfected into Jurkat cells mediated by liposome, and the cells stably expressing exogenous HCAP1 were screened with G418. The effects of HCAP1 products on cell proliferation were assessed by viable cell count, cell growth curve and colony formation assay in soft agar. The results showed that the HCAP1 transgenic Jurkat cells displayed slow growth rate, extended doubling time and reduced colony formation capability, as compared with the cells transfected with pBK/CMV empty vector (P < 0.01). It is concluded that exogenous HCAP1 gene products could inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; Cell Division ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Peptides ; Transfection