OBJECTIVETo study the pathological change of rats' benign hyperplastic prostate (BHP) after radical denervation.

METHODSA total of 65 male spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) at 30 weeks age were randomly assigned into treatment group, sham surgery control group and normal control group. In surgery group, all the axonal branches of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) supplying the bilateral prostate were truncated, followed performing of cystostomy; In sham surgery control group, only cystostomy was performed; In normal control group, no procedure was performed. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 11, 15 and >or= 21 d post-operation respectively. The gross morphological changes of prostate in all animals were observed.

RESULTSIn treatment group, the prostate in 3 d post-operation showed granular solidification and shrunken volume and the changes occurred gradually over time. The glandular epithelial cells showed gradual degeneration, necrosis and detachment. The glandular epithelium became progressively thinner, the smooth muscles elongated and thinned progressively and the stromal components showed mild to moderate overgrowth. At the later stage, the glandular epithelium, glandular lumen and smooth muscles gradually disappeared and the prostate was largely replaced by connective tissues. Electron microscopic study showed that the glandular cells gradually underwent vacuolar degeneration and the structures of basement membrane became fuzzy. The smooth muscles cells degenerated overtime and the fibroblasts and collagenous fibers in the stroma overgrew slowly. At the late stage, most of the glandular cells became necrotic, the basal membrane and smooth muscle cells disappeared and collagenous fibers were highly hyperplasic. In surgery group in 3 d post-operation, the S-100 staining of nerve fiber was diffuse and disappeared after 11 d while it persisted normally in other groups. The two values in sham surgery control group showed no significant changes post-operatively.

CONCLUSIONSAfter radical denervation, the rat prostate with benign hyperplasia (gland and smooth muscles) undergoes dramatic atrophic changes and the volume decreases significantly. It suggests that this treatment may represent a novel therapy for BPH.

Animals ; Denervation ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Prostate ; innervation ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; surgery ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR

Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia, the safe and effective therapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmia remain an urgent medical problems in the recent years. In this paper, we introduced the research practice of anti-arrhythmic agents targeting on potassium ion channel. The research progress of anti-arrhythmic agents in up-to-date literatures were also reviewed and prospected.
Amiodarone ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydantoins ; Imidazolidines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Potassium Channels ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the expression of Mta-1 in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC)and to analyze its correlation with the clinical staging,pathologic grading,metastasis and recur- rence,and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Samples of 42 cases of BTCC and 12 normal bladder mueosa tissues were examined with immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of Mta- 1,ER,u-PA and PAI-1.Endothelial cells were stained by anti-CD34,and microvascular density(MVD)of carcinoma tissue was calculated.The correlation of Mta-1 expression with the invasion,metastasis,angiogene- sis and recurrence of BTCCs was analyzed;and the correlation of Mta-1 expression with ER,u-PA,PAI-1,and MVD was also analyzed.Results The positive rate of Mta-1 expression in BTCCs was 73.8%(31/42) , while it was 0.0% in normal bladder mucosa tissues(P＜0.01).The expression level of Mta-l increased with the higher clinical stages and pathologic grades of BTCCs;it was higher in recurrence group(100.0% , 15/15)than in non-recurrence group(59.3%,16/27),and high in metastasis group(100.0%,14/14) than in non-metastasis group(60.7%,17/28)(P＜0.05).The expression level of ER increased with the lower clinical stages and pathologic grades of BTCCs;the positive rate of ER expression was 0.0% in 14 ca- ses with metastasis and was 53.6% in 13 of 28 cases without metastasis(P＜0.05);and the rate was 6.7% in 1 of 15 cases with recurrence and 44.4% in 12 of 27 cases without recurrence(P＜0.05).Negative cor- relation was found between Mta-1 and ER expression(r=-0.739,P＜0.01).The positive rate of u-PA ex- pression(59.5%,25/42)was significantly higher in BTCCs than that in normal bladder mucosa tissues (16.7%,2/12)(P＜0.05).Positive correlation was found between u-PA and Mta-1 expression(r= 0.875),while negative correlation was found between u-PA and PAI-1 expression(r=-0.535).The posi- tive rate of PAI-1 expression in normal bladder mucosa tissues(50.0%,6/12)was significantly higher than that in BTCCs(19.0%,8/42)(P＜0.05).In addition,negative correlation was found between PAI-1 and Mta-1 expression(r=-0.706).And positive correlation was found between MVD in BTCCs marked by an- ti-CD34 and Mta-1 expression(r=0.683).Conclusions Mta-1 is highly expressed in BTCCs,and it correlates closely with tumor pathologic grades,clinical stages,recurrence and metastasis.Mta-1 up-regulates the expression of u-PA and down-regulates that of PAI-1,which is associated with invasion and metastasis and acts as an angiogenic mediator in BTCCs.A negative correlation is found between Mta-1 and ER in inva- sion and metastasis of BTCCs.

OBJECTIVEThe expression of C/EBPalpha protein and mRNA during automatically activation process in primary cultures of HSCs were observed in order to explore its possible association with the proliferation and activation of HSCs.

METHODSImmunocytochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR were used to evaluated the expression of C/EBPalpha protein and mRNA; as well as the expression of alpha-SMA, Desmin, MMP2, type I procollagen (alpha1). The eukaryotic vector harboring the full length cDNA of C/EBPalpha was transfected into activated HSC, then immunocytochemistry was applied to confirm the transfection and evaluate the effect of transfection on the proliferation of HSC by calculating the PCNA-positive cells. The morphological changes of HSC were observed by use of phase-contrast microscope.

RESULTSConstitutive expression of mRNA and protein of C/EBPalpha were detected in primarily cultured HSCs, and the protein was seen in both nuclei and cytoplasm with the latter being dominant. Their expression levels reached highest at day 2 of the culture, then decreased gradually when continually cultured to the day 4, 7, 10, on the other hand, the expression of alpha-SMA, MMP2 and ColI(alpha1) increased steadily. Transient transfection was verified by the fact that much more and stronger C/EBPalpha stain was observed in transfected HSCs than in void-vector transfected cells. In C/EBPalpha gene transfected HSCs, the number of PCNA-positive cells dramatically decreased compared with the void-vector transfected cells 24h after transfection. In addition, the C/EBPalpha gene transfected HSCs died 36 h after transfection, a few surviving cells became longer and thinner in morphology, however the void-vector transfected cells almost all remained alive.

CONCLUSIONSC/EBPalpha was likely involved in the HSCs activation, and over-expressed C/EBPalpha by transfection had inhibitory influence on the proliferation of cultured rat HSCs.

Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Liver ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)in treating renal calculi.Methods The data of 118 patients with renal calculi who had underg- one PCNL from July 2002 to August 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 86 men and 32 women. The mean age was 39 years(range,7-68 years).Of the 118 cases,11 had pelvic calculi,16 had calyx cal- culi,35 had pelvocalyceal calculi,54 had staghorn calculi,and 2 had bilateral renal calculi.The mean stone size was 2.5 cm?1.5cm(ranged from 2.0 cm?1.0 cm to 4.5cm?4.0cm).Results Of the 118 ca- ses,112 underwent one-stage PCNL,and 6,two-stage PCNL.The procedure was performed by single tract in 114 cases,and by two tracts in 4 cases.Lithotomy was done by one session in 60 cases,by 2 sessions in 42 cases,and by 3 sessions in 16 cases.The total stone clearance rate was 81.4%.The mean operative time was 120 min,and mean hospital stay was 15 d.No blood transfusion was needed during operation,and only one patient experienced bleeding(about 500 ml)after 4 d postoperatively,and was cured by conservative treat- ment such as blood transfusion and anti-inflammation.No major complications were observed in other pa- tients.Conclusions PCNL has advantages of minimal trauma,less blood loss,fewer complications,and is safe and effective in treating renal calculi,especially for patients who will have the second procedure.

Human placental decidua basalis-mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) are multipotent cells from the human term placenta, which are ethically conducive, easily accessible and high-yielding source. PDB-MSCs can differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and neurogenic cells under appropriate conditions, which may be an attractive and alternative source of seed cells for tissue engineering. To investigate the effect of hypoxia (1% O2) on human PDB-MSCs and the expression of cytokine, PDB-MSCs were isolated from human placenta by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-high glucose (DMEM-HG) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and the fifth passage of PDB-MSCs were taken. PDB-MSCs were divided into 4 groups according to the concentrations of O2 and FBS: 20% O2, 10% FBS; 20% O2, 0% FBS; 1% O2, 10% FBS; 1% O2, 0% FBS. The proliferation and apoptosis of PDB-MSCs were detected by MTT and flow cytometric analysis at the time points of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from PDB-MSCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the same time points. The results showed that hypoxia enhanced the proliferation of PDB-MSCs at 12 h under the condition of 10% FBS, while at 24 h under the condition of 0% FBS (P<0.01, n=3). In normoxia, the cells cultured in 10% FBS displayed a significant proliferation compared to those cultured in 0% FBS. However, in hypoxia, the number of cells cultured in 0% FBS (serum deprivation) increased significantly compared to that cultured in 10% FBS at 24 h and 96 h respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01, n=3). With the flow cytometric analysis of cell apoptosis under the condition of hypoxia and serum deprivation, we found that hypoxia and serum deprivation did not induce PDB-MSCs apoptosis (P>0.05, n=3). This conclusion may relate to the expression of VEGF which needs further research. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that PDB-MSCs are able to bear hypoxia and serum deprivation, suggesting that PDB-MSCs can be used as seed cells for ischemia related tissue engineering.
Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Decidua ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Placenta ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Tissue Engineering ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective: To explore the clinical application and effect of sideburns aesthetic reconstruction with local flaps. Methods: Between June 2012 and June 2017, there were 12 cases of patients with Benign tumor which is in the sideburn , including 7 Male patients, 5 female patients, thier ages are from 37 to 68 years old.The tumor size ranged from 0.5 cm×1.0 cm to 1.5 cm×2.5 cm, and the defects, size ranged from 1.0 cm× 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm× 3.0 cm. Single leaf flaps, double leaves flaps or local flaps which are on the ipsilateral sideburn or in the hairy area behind the ear are designed for sideburns reconstruction according to the size and shape of the defect, The flaps size ranged from 1.5 cm× 2.5 cm to 1.8 cm× 3.5 cm. Results: All flaps with 12 cases of patients survived completely with no flap blood supply obstacles, and the incision healed well, all patients were followed up for 6-24 months with no recurrence of the tumor , and the incision scars are hidden in the sideburns, And the sideburn showed satisfactory effect of aesthetic reconstruction with good symmetric cosmetic effect. Conclusions The local flaps have less injury in the surgery area , simple surgical approach, hidden incision scars, reliable blood supply and high survival rate, which do not affect the sideburns symmetry.Aesthetic result can be achieved by local flaps in the reconstruction of defect after resection of benign tumor at sideburn.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of the polluted SY River on children's growth and sex hormones, and provide scientific data for assessment of the polluted status of the SY River.

METHODSThe study areas were selected randomly from the SY River Basin. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), phthalates (DEP, DBP, DMP, DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured both in the river water and in the drinking water. School children were selected by cluster sampling (n=154). Physical development indexes (height, weight, bust-circumference, and skinfold thickness) and sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)] were measured for all the children.

RESULTSThe contents of Pb and Hg exceeded Class V standards of surface water quality in each section of the river and other indicators exceeded Class III. Compared to the control area, the concentrations of Pb, Hg, As, BPA, DEP, and DBP in the drinking water were significantly higher than in the polluted area (P<0.05). Children from the control area had significantly lower E2 and T than children from the polluted area (P<0.05). Among anthropometric results, only skinfold thickness had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), while the other indexes showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe drinking water has been polluted by the SY River and affected serum sex hormone levels of children living in the polluted area.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; drug effects ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; China ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rivers ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; toxicity ; Water Pollution, Chemical ; adverse effects ; Water Supply ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes and significance of plasma CD40L and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) operation. METHODS: According to the occurrence of primary heart events or restenosis 6 months after the PCI, 68 patients were divided into the ACS group and the stable angina pectoris (SAP) group. Plasma CD40L and PAPP-A after the PCI operation were measured and compared. Thirty-six patients underwent repeated angiography after the PCI. Their baseline and follow up angiograms were compared by quantitative coronary angiography to assess the incidence of restenosis. RESULTS: CD40L and PAPP-A after the PCI operation were higher in the ACS group than that in the SAP group.The group having primary heart events within 6 months had higher level of PAPP-A after the PCI. The group having restenosis 6 months had higher level of PAPP-A after the PCI. The change of later loss index of coronary artery lumen diameter was correlated with PAPP-A level after the PCI. CONCLUSION CD40L and PAPP-A were higher in the ACS group, indicating the possible mechanism by which CD40L facilitates the plaque rupture via up-regulating the PAPP-A expression.Plasma PAPP-A level after the PCI possibly for cases the occurrence of primary heart events or restenosis within 6 months.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angina, Stable ; blood ; CD40 Ligand ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Postoperative Period ; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fistula ; congenital ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged