Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Capsules ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Aim To explore the pharmacological mechanism and the effects of polysaccharide sulfat(PSS) on cardiovascular diseases induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) through observing the risk factors.Methods Type 2 diabetic animal model was established by high-sugar and high-fat diets,combined with injection of small amount streptozotocin(STZ 20 mg?kg-1,iv).Adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control group,model group,polysaccharide sulfate group,metformin group and lovastatin group.They were treated with exact medicne for 8 weeks,but control group and model group were treated with 0.9% Nacl.During this process,FBG and serum lipid concentrations were measured.22 weeks later,the rats were sacrificed.The activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1(PAI-1) were detected by chemical methods.The aortas were collected for histopathlogical,immunohistochemical and Western blot studies.Results FBG concentrations and serum lipid(TC,TG,LDL) levels decreased in PSS group as compared from those of model group(P

Objective To explore the mutation and evolution of Yersiniapestis(Y. pestis) from the point of codon and 16S-ribosome. Methods Codon preference and 16S-ribosome of Y. pestis were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results Similar codon preference was found among 4 PCD1 Y. pestis, of the 3 old Y. pestis the codon preference between PMT1 and PCD1 was similar. There were some differences between PCD1, PCP1 and Yunnan 6 kb plasmid. Through the analysis of 16S-ribosome, the sequences were found similar in 11 strains of Y. pestis,Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was very close to Y. pestis, with only one nucleotide difference, mutated G-T, and corresponding amino acid methionine (M)-isoleucine (I). There were some differences in sequences of 16S-ribosome in Y. pestis, Escherichia coli and Pulex irritans. Conclusions The time for Y. pestis to obtain PCP1 is later than PMT1 does, in other words, the affinity of Y. pestis with PMT1 was closer than PCP1 with 6 kb plasmid;alteration of 16S-ribosomal nucleotide sites may cause changes in function and structure of 16S rRNA. The lower similarity between 16S-ribosomal sequences of Y. pestis and Pulex irritans indicates the time for co-evolution is very short,and the late emergence of Y. pestis.

Objective Toinvestigatetheprevalenceofurinaryincontinenceanditseffectonlifequalityamongfemale adultsinHangzhou,andtoprovideevidencetothecontroloffemaleurinaryincontinence.Methods Aquestionnaire survey was performed in Gongshu and Xiacheng districts in Hangzhou from October 2013 to June 2014,and 4 563 women aged over 20 years were interviewed through a questionnaire including International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Lower Urinary Tract,IQ-FLUTS and demographic information.Single and multi factor logistic regression analysiswereusedtoanalyzetheriskfactorsofurinaryincontinence.Results Atotalof4785questionnairesweresent, and 4 563 effective questionnaires were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.4%.The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 33.5%(1 530/4 563),and female with older age tended to have a higher prevalence of UI(P<0.01).Among which stress urinary incontinence (SUI ),urge incontinence (UUI )and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI ) were accounted for 20.2%(922/4 563),3.0%(135/4 563)and 10.3%(473/4 563)respectively.UUI and MUI had a greater effect on quality of life.According to the multi factor logistic regression analysis,gravidity,age,constipation,pelvic surgery and fat (BMI>24)wereriskfactorsforurinaryincontinence(P<0.05).Conclusion Becauseofthehighprevalenceofurinary incontinence among female adults,more attention should be paid to urinary incontinence suffers in order to improve the quality of life of female adults.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jinlida on changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes in fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- mice.

METHODEight male C57BL/6J mice were selected in the normal group (NF), 40 male ApoE -/- mice were fed for 16 weeks, divided into the model group (HF), the rosiglitazone group ( LGLT), the Jinlida low-dose group (JLDL), the Jinlida medium-dose group (JLDM), the Jinlida high-dose group (JLDH) and then orally given drugs for 8 weeks. The organization free fatty acids, BCA protein concentration determination methods were used to determine the skeletal muscle FFA content. The Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR) and Western blot method were adopted to determine mRNA and protein expressions of mice fatty acids transposition enzyme (FAT/CD36), carnitine palm acyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxide proliferators-activated receptor α( PPAR α).

RESULTJinlida could decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and fasting insulin (FIns) and raise insulin sensitive index (ISI) in mice to varying degrees. It could also up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1 and PPARα, and down-regulate mRNA and protein levels of FAT/CD36.

CONCLUSIONJinlida can improve fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- in mice by adjusting the changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; CD36 Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dietary Fats ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To explore the genotype of patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenas(G6PD)deficiency in Dong-guan and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and prevention.Methods The clinical data of patients who took G6PD activity screening in the hospital were collected from January 2011 to December 2013,the G6PD/6PGD ratios were recorded.469 patients with positive G6PD/6PGD ratio were randomly enrolled in the study,whose mutations were detected by reverse dot blot(RDB)as-say.Results During this period,we measured G6PD activity of 16 464 cases by G6PD/6PGD ratios,there were 672 positive cases, the positive rate was 4.08%.Randomly selected 469 positive samples,detected their genotye by RDB assay.We detected 173 cases of G1376T,141 cases of G1388A,82 cases of A95G,60 cases of G871A,23 cases of G392T,14 cases of C1024T.In addition to that, we also found some rare mutations,such as 6 cases of C1004T,2 cases of T517C,1 cases of C1360T.65 cases of C1311T gene poly-morphism and 96 cases of dual gene mutations were detected.Conclusion The incidence of G6PD deficiency is high and the gene mutation types in Dongguan are both representative for Chinese population and with local heterogeneity.The study on gene muta-tions of G6PD deficiency is benefit for diagnosis and prevention.

Object: To study the proliferation of hCTGF on cells and its biological function on bone injury healing.Methods: The fibroblast with potential differentiation was transfected by eukaryotic gene delivery system and then transferred into the experimental animal model with bone fracture.The data were collected by molecular biological and clinical orthopedic technique detection analysis.Results: The results demonstrated an obvious proliferation of hCTGF on cells,suggesting that hCTGF have the biological activity of repairing bone injury via gene therapy.The results provide a new activity factor and treatment approach for bone injury in clinics.

BACKGROUND:Maxil ofacial malformation limits the function of the mandible, produces the overload of the temporalmandibular joint leading to oral diseases. OBJECTIVE:To measure the characteristics of mandibular movement in populations with various types of dental occlusion. METHODS:Thirty-three volunteers (1 male and 32 females, mean age 21.71 years) meeting the inclusion criteria were enrol ed from Dalian Medical University, China and divided into four groups:normal control (n=10), Angle’s class I, II, III malocclusion (n=10, 8, 5). The protrusion, lateral, opening motion trace of mandibular central incisor and the right mandibular first molar, and the trace from mandibular postural position to intercuspal position were measured using the mandibular kinesiograph. The features of different occlusal patterns were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the trace of protrusion, lateral, opening and closing motion, there were significant differences in the trace of the right mandibular first molar’s Max.Slant between Angle’s class II malocclusion group and the other three groups (P<0.05). In the trace of open wide and close fast, there were significant differences in the trace of mandibular central incisor in vertical distances between normal control group and Angle’s class I, III malocclusion groups (P<0.05);there were significant differences in the trace of mandibular central incisor in Max.Slant between normal control group and Angle’s class I malocclusion group (P<0.05);there were significant differences in the trace of the right mandibular first molar in vertical distances between Angle’s class II malocclusion group and the other three groups (P<0.05);there were significant differences in the trace of the right mandibular first molar in Max.Opening velocity between normal control group and Angle’s class II, III malocclusion groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in free space between the four groups (P>0.05). These results indicate that there are differences in the trace of mandibular central incisor and the trace of the right mandibular first molar in range and speed between different occlusal patterns. We can draw a conclusion that malocclusion has effects on the direction, range and speed of mandibular movement.

Melittin exhibits high antibacterial potency against drug-resistant bacteria. However, the clinical utility of melittin is limited by its serious hemolytic activity. Thus, the need for developing novel melittin analogues with high antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic activity has grown. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated 20 novel melittin analogues with varying hydrophobic, polar or positively charged amino acids. The results showed that 8 compounds had antimicrobial activity (MIC: 1-4 μg·mL^-1) against gram-positive pathogens equal to or better than that of melittin, and 16 compounds had low hemolytic activity (HC₅₀ ≥ 11.9 μg·mL^-1). Compounds 13 (MIC: 2-4 μg·mL^-1) and 15 (MIC: 1-2 μg·mL^-1) showed equal or better antimicrobial activity against both susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium compared to melittin (MIC: 4 μg·mL^-1). Compound 13 (HC₅₀: 24.0 ± 4.3 μg·mL^-1) displayed noticeably decreased hemolytic activity compared to melittin (HC₅₀: 5.3 ± 0.4 μg·mL^-1). This work established a base for further study on the structure-activity relationships and structure-toxicity relationships of melittin.

Objective To optimize the extraction method of Coptidis Rhizoma protein; To compare and analyze the differences of protein in different parts of wild and cultivated Coptidis Rhizoma. Methods SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Coomassie brilliant blue method were used to compare the differences of the protein of Coptis chinensis from the 3 extraction methods (water extraction, Tris-HCl and ammonium sulfate precipitation), and the protein in different parts of the wild and cultivated Coptis chinensis, and analyzed and evaluated the differences. Results The optimum extraction method of Coptis chinensis protein is Tris-HCl method, and the protein content of Rhizoma Coptidis is the highest, and the content of protein is the highest in every gram of medicinal material. The differences among different parts of wild and cultivated Coptidis Rhizoma were obvious, and the ranks for protein abundance and protein content per gram were: rhizome of cultivated Coptis chinensis＞ rhizome of wild Coptis chinensis＞ stem and leaf of cultivated Coptis chinensis＞ stem and leaf of wild Rhizoma Coptidis＞ fibrous roots of cultivated Coptidis Rhizoma. Cluster analysis showed that the correlation between protein of wild and cultivated rhizome of Coptidis Rhizoma was obvious. Conclusion The optimum Tris-HCl method can extract the protein from Coptidis Rhizoma, and the protein content of roots of Coptidis Rhizoma is significantly higher than other parts.