Tumor growth depends on the tumor microenvironment(TME).Tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)are important inflammatory cells in TME.TANs are divided intoN1type with anti-tumor effect andN2type of tumor-promoting effect.Therefore,TANs have both beneficial and harmful aspects of the body.A large number of studies have been shown that TANs affect tumor formation,metastasis,angiogenesis and immune response,regulated by the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.This review will summarize the biological characteristics of TANs,and tumor development,prognosis and treatment of tumor as well as research progress of the relationship between TANs and tumor.

Background and purpose:It was reported that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is closely related with carcinomas. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common carcinomas in China. The present study investigated the expression and clinical significance of NFAT isoforms in ESCC. Methods:The expression of NFAT isoforms and the differences in different pathological levels of ESCC were detected in 104 specimens of human ESCC tissues and normal esophageal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results:This study found that the positive rates of NFAT1 (53.8%), NFAT2 (10.6%), NFAT3 (26.9%), NFAT4 (45.2%) expression were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal esophageal tissues (P<0.001), respectively. The positive rate of NFAT1 expression was significant-ly higher in drinkers (62.3%) than nondrinkers (37.1%, P=0.01), and also higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (68.4% vs 5.5%, P=0.002) and with late stage (58.7% vs 36.2%, P=0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that NFAT1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis. The positive rate of NFAT3 was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (39.4%) than in those without lymph node metastasis (19.7%, P=0.03). Conclusion:These results suggest that the overexpression of NFAT1 and NFAT3 is associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC.

Abscess ; Cysts ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Tooth Diseases ; Young Adult

Objective To explore neurobehavioral changes in rats with recurrent seizures and the prevention effect of melatonin.Methods 6-day-old (P6) SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of 24 (n =6):the control group (CONT),melatonin per se group (MEL),recurrent neonatal seizure group (RS) and melatonin administration prior to RS group (RS + MEL).Rats in RS group were subjected to 5 seizures with flurothyl during the first 14 days of life.In RS + MEL group,melatonin was injected at 8:00 before seizures were induced.Neurobehavioral tests including Plane righting experiment,Cliff avoidance test,the grip-strength test and negative geotaxis test were implemented on P24,while open field test on P35.Results (1) Plane righting experiment:the time of plane righting in RS group ((0.33 ± 0.51)s) was significantly shorter than that in the CONT group ((1.17 ± 0.40) s) and RS + MEL group ((0.50 ± 0.54) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Cliff avoidance test:the time of cliff avoidance in RS group ((16.00 ± 6.32) s) was significantly longer than that in CONT group ((4.00 ± 2.60) s)(P ＜ 0.01),while the time of cliff avoidance in RS + MEL group ((7.67 ± 3.26) s) was shorter than that in the RS group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The grip-strength test:compared with CONT group ((49.50 ± 28.96) s),the time needed to hold on wire in RS group((11.67 ± 7.58)s)was significantly shorter (P ＜ 0.05) and longer in RS+ MEL group ((24.83 ± 6.61) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Negative geotaxis test:the time for rats to turn 180° upward in RS group((7.67 ± 1.36) s) was longer than that in the CONT group ((4.50 ± 2.66) s) and RS + MEL group ((6.17 ± 0.75) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(5) Open field test:the time for rats to begin to run in the RS group ((8.17 ± 3.86) s) was longer than that in the CONT group ((3.00 ± 1.41) s) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The neurobehaviors are damaged following flurothyl-induced recurrent neonatal seizures,and melatonin can reduce the neurobehavioral injury.

Objective To investigate dynamic expressions of cortex clusterin (CLU) and intervention effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neonatal rats with recurrent seizures.Methods Thirty-six-8-day postnatal SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group (NS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and normal diet group (RS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and KD group (RS + KD group,n =12).From 9 d,rats in RS + ND group and RS + KD group were subjected to recurrent seizures induced by volatile flurothyl 30 min each day for consecutive 8 days.Rats in NS + ND group were placed into the container for an equal amount of time to their counterpart without exposure to flurothyl.Scores on neurological behaviors at 35 days postnatally were examined.CLU protein levels in cerebral cortex were determined by Western blot at 58 days postnatally.Results Neurodevelopmental indicators analysis:in the plane righting experiment,there were significant differences between NS + ND group [(1.03 ± 0.54) s],R S + KD group [(0.89 ± 0.16) s] and RS + ND group [(0.64 ± 0.30) s] about the time of plane righting (all P ＜ 0.05) ; in the negative geotaxis reaction experiment,the rats of NS + ND group [(1.92 ± 0.90) s],and RS + KD group [(5.17 ± 0.72) s] about the time of negative geotaxis reaction were significantly different compared with RS + ND gouup [(7.33 ± 0.65) s] (all P ＜ 0.01).In the cliff avoidance test,there were significant differences between NS + ND group,R S + KD group [(4.33 ± 2.54) s,(8.75 ± 2.26) s] and R S + ND group [(16.58 ± 4.25) s] about the time of cliff avoidance (all P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that the expression of CLU in cerebral cortex of the RS + ND group [(2.24 ± 0.53) s] was obviously increased compared with NS + ND group [(1.44 ± 0.11) s] (P ＜0.01),and there also had significant difference between RS + KD group [(1.56 ±0.24) s] and RS + ND group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It shows that the up-regulated expression of CLU in cerebral cortex may be associated with recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage,while KD may protect them from recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage by down-regulating expression of CLU.

As a kind of additive in feed of monogastric animals, the application of natural phytase is limited due to its disadvantages. In this paper, the strategies of phytse reform was introduced. Furthermore, the research and progress on protein engineering of feed phytase was reviewed, including phytase over-expression, phytase thermostability, catalytic efficiency and optimum pH.

AIM:Recently,amnion transplantation has been one of effective methods for curing corneal alkali burn,but its biomechanism is unclear.This study was to discuss the efficiency of different kinds of amnion on rabbit corneal alkali burn and to find the bioactive functions of the amnion.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals at Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between January and July in 2004.All the disposals were in accordance with the ethical standard of animals.①Placenta from healthy puerperants underwent uterine-incision delivery were offered by Department of Obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.A total of 45 New Zealand rabbits were used for corneal alkali burn models and divided into fresh amniotic membrane(FAM),glycerin preserved amniotic membrane(GPAM),vacuum xeransis amniotic membrane(VXAM),alcolhol preserved amniotic membrane(APAM) and control groups,every group had 9 rabbits.②The FAM was prepared within 24 hours,and the preserved amnion were transplanted after 1 month.③The corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization were observed everyday during days 2-21 after operation and once every three days after days 21;corneal fluorescein staining was conducted to observe the repair of corneal epithelium on days 14,30,60 after operation;2 weeks,1 month and 2 months after operation,we did histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope observation.RESULTS:Forty-three rabbits were involved in the result analysis.①There were no significant differences in the corneal opacity and repair velocity of corneal epithelium among FAM,GPAM and VXAM,which were remarkably superior to APAM and controls.APAM group and control group had not distinct difference.②FAM had better effects on inhibiting corneal neovascularization than GPAM and VXAM.CONCLUSION:After transplantation,VXAM,GPAM and FAM can all accelerate corneal epithelial healing and lighten inflammation.FAM containing more bioactive materials,plays best.

Objective To detect the optimum reaction temperature,pH,Km of N-V proteinase and determine its enzymological classification.Methods The fibrin plate method was used to determine the optimum reaction temperature and pH of N-V proteinase.The Km of N-V proteinase was detected by using Leu-pNA as substrate.E64,PMSF,zymofren and 1,10-phenanthroline were used as inhibitors to determine proteinase classification of N-V proteinase.Results The optimum reaction temperature was 50℃,pH was 8-9,Km was 1.97?10-3mol?L-1.PSMF inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of N-V proteinase(P0.05).Conclusion N-V proteinase belongs to serine proteinase.

The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in the process of tumorigenesis and development.Studies have been confirmed that the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity has a huge impact on the tumor efficacy and drug resistance.This review summarizes the relationship between immune cells and related immune factors in tumor microenvironment as well as vascular endothelial cell heterogeneity and tumor progression and prognosis.So it is better help us understand the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity for the impact of the tumor.This will conduce to us through a variety of methods to enhance the body's anti-tunor ability by inhibi-ting and killing tumor cells.

Objective To establish normal reference intervals of plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children′s hospital.Methods A total of 183 fresh EDTA anticoagulant samples and 125 fresh urine in healthy children were collected from May 2014 to October 2014.According to the CLSI C28-A2 ,the unilateral upper limit 95% was established the normal reference value in different age group.Results There was significant difference in four groups (P<0.05).The normal reference intervals of plasma NGAL in healthy children:0 to <7 months;<291.28 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old;<150.87 μg/L;5 years old to <9 years old:<127.93 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<161.74 μg/L;the normal reference intervals of healthy children urine NGAL:0 to <7 months:<257.31 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old:<201.55 μg/L;5years old to <9 years old:<197.69 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<151.46 μg/L.Plasma and urine NGAL results in neonatal group were higher than the other three groups.Conclusion The normal reference intervals of plasma and urine NGAL in children′s hospital is established.this could provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal injury in pediatric patients.