Objective To research the toxicokinetics model of lead acetate in the domestic rabbits.Methods Injecting lead acetate into the vein of the domestic rabbit at the dose of 3 mg/kg,then the blood was collected at the 10th,20th,30th,60th,90th,120th,180th,240th and 360th min.The concentrations of the blood lead were measured by differential potentiometric stripping analysis,the data were analyzed by DAS2.0 software.Results The linear was at the range of 10 to 50 ?g/ml,the major toxicokinetics parameters were:t1/2? = 8.60 min,t1/2? = 67.69 min,t1/2? = 729.84 min,V1= 77 033.08 L/kg,CL = 709.27 L/(min?kg),AUC(0-t) = 3 106.59 ng/(L?min).According to the smallest principle of AIC,the lead concentration in vivo conformed to the three compartmental models in domestic rabbit after injecting lead acetate at 3 mg/kg.Conclusion The lead concentration conforms to the three compartmental models in the domestic rabbit after intravascular injection of lead acetate,and it is eliminated according to the first order processes.

This study was aimed to extract and separate fibrauretine from Chinese herbal medicine Fibraurea recisa Pierre. and to prepare tetrahydropulmatine with fibrauretine. Extraction method of fibrauretine were optimized by the L9(34) orthogonal arrays as experimental designs. Then, elution chromatography method was studied with the macroporous adsorption resin chromatography technology. At last, tetrahydropulmatine was prepared by the reaction of sodium borohydride hydrogenating fibrauretine. The results showed that the content and yield of obtained fibrauretine were 36.40% and 3.17%, respectively. The reflux exacted methods of fibrauretine were with 10 times amount (v/w) of 50%ethanol solution for 2 hours and 3 times. Then, HPD-300 macroporous resin was used to absorb fibrauretine, and purify water. The 20% and 60% ethanol solution was used for elution. The content and yield of obtained fibrauretine were 65.47% and 82.44%, respectively. And the content and yield of obtained tetrahydropulmatine were 98.31% and 72.04%, respectively. It was concluded that the method can obtain fibrauretine with relative high content and yield. Using this material can obtain tetrahydrofibrauretine with relative high content and yield.

Objective To design and optimize the self-emulsifying drug delivery system ( SEDDS) of dihydromyricetin, and evaluate its quality in vitro. Methods The solubility of dihydromyricetin was measured in different oil phases,emulsifier and co-emulsifier solution. The best prescription was selected by comprehensively evaluating emulsification speed,particle size and drug loading via using the ternary phase diagram and orthogonal design test. Results The optimized formula of the self-emulsifying drug delivery system was oleic acidTween-80span-80N-butanol =1514714. Conclusion The optimized dihydromyricetin self-emulsifying drug delivery system significantly improves the solubility of dihydromyricetin, increases the physical and chemical properties of the formulation,and raises the dissolution of dihydromyricetin in artificial gastric fluid.

Objective To evaluate the value of cholangiography for early diagnosis of ischemic-type biliary lasions(ITBL) after liver transplantation. Methods Two hundred and fifty-three patients with liver transplantaion between Jan 2004 and Oct 2006 were recruited. Initial cholangiography was compared with terminal cholangiography to evaluate the value of initial cholangiography of ITBL. The t test, Chi-square test, sum rank test were used for statistics. Results Based on initial cholangiography, 189 patients were diagnosed with normal appearance, while 64 patients were diagnosed with abnormal appearance. The abnormal initial cholangiography appearances included poor filling in 33 patients and irregularity in 31 patients. Based on terminal cholangiogruphy, 199 patients were diagnosed with normal appearance and 54 patients with ITBL In patients with abnormal initial cholangiography, ITBL was occurred in 39 of 64 patients including 10 of 33 poor frlling patients and 29 of 31 irregularity patients. In patients with normal initial appearance, ITBL was only occurred in 15 of 189 patients. The abnormal initial cholangiography was associated with ITBL significantly (X2 = 79.999, P = 0.000, r = 0.490). Initial cholangiography had an overall sensitivity of 72.22%, and specificity of 87.44%, with positive and negative predictive values of 60.94% and 92.06%, respectively. The abnormal initial cholangiogruphy was a risk factor of ITBL by logistic regression analyses(OR=15.193, P=0.000). Conclusion The abnormal initial cholangiography is associated with ITBL Initial cholangiography, especially minimal irregular of intrabepatic biliary tract, is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of ITBL after liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of balloon dilatation in the treatment of intrahepatic biliary strictures in patients with liver transplantation. Methods Of the 100 patients with liver transplantation, 16 patients had intrahepatic biliary strictures and received balloon dilatation treatment. Results Initial technical balloon dilatation was successful in 14 cases but failed in 2 cases. There were no procedure-related complications. 4 restenosis occurred and they were treated with repeated balloon dilatation treatment. Conclusion Balloon dilatation represented an effective and relatively safe treatment for biliary stricture in liver transplant recipients. For restenosis, balloon dilatation was also an effective treatment.

This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of catheter ablation of Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia guide by CARTO. Method Catheter ablation guided by CARTO was performed after activation map in three patients with Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia. Result Successful ablation was got at right atrial in two patients and at non-coronary in one patient. Conclusion Catheter ablation guided by CARTO is safe and efficient for Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic results of percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty for portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.Methods From 2005 to 2007,7 patients developed portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.Percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty of the portal vein was performed in all patients.The therapeutic results were monitored by clinical follow-up and imaging examination.Results In seven patients,the percutaneous transhepatic stents were placed successfully.The follow up period ranged from 3 months to 34 months.Portal venous patency Was maintained in six patients(one patient died due to hepatic arterial thrombosis and ischemic insult to bile duct at three months following the stent placement).No complications due to stent angioplasty occurred.Conclusion Percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty is an effective and safe method for treatment of portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the phoenix roebelenii pollen as the allergen of allergic rhinitis in Hainan Province and provide guidance for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitits.METHODSA total of 2054 patients with allergic rhinitis were tested with the allergen of phoenix roebelenii pollen by skin prick test, and then choose 30 positive cases to give the nasal mucosa provocation test. RESULTSThe total positive rate of allergen of phoenix roebelenii pollen by skin prick test was 67.38% (1384/2054). The 30 cases with positive skin prick test were all positive in nasal mucosa provocation test and the cases in control group were all negative.CONCLUSIONPhoenix roebelenii pollen is an important allergen in Hainan Province. There is a correlation between skin prick test and nasal mucosa provocation test. The allergen skin prick test can provide clue for the patients to avoid the pathogenic allergens and for the specific immunotherapy.

Pharmaceutical market is a typical market with information asymmetry, and which can lead to "lemons" problem. In all developed countries, firms must receive regulatory approval to market a pharmaceutical product. Such administrative department including SFDA, EMA, FDA and so on. Chinese materia medica is a special part of pharmaceutical market in China. The management of Chinese materia medica is a special challenge in China.
Accreditation ; Materia Medica ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Social Control, Formal