Objective To understand adolescent's mental stress, coping style and their correlating with emotion. Methods This research, in order to be tried with 5870 middle school students, adopt Mental Stress Questionnaire, Coping Style Scale and Profile of Mood States. Results Compared with male students, female students had higher scores on stress from school work achievement and appearance(P＜0.05) and lower scores on stress from family[(2.04±1.19)vs(2.11±1.25)](P＜0.05),also they had higher sores on extra-coping style[(3.11±0.77)vs(2.77±0.81)](P＜0.01). Compared with lower grade students, higher grade students had higher scores on all mental stress except stress from family, while they had lower scores on extra-coping style (P＜0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that high scores on mental stress and intro-coping style could predict negative emotion (P＜0.01), and extra-coping style could predict positive emotion (P＜0.01).Conclusion The middle school students suffered more stress from school work achievement than from other aspects. Students who differed in sex, grade had significant different scores on mental stress and coping style. Mental stress and coping style could predict adolescents' emotion.

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS) patients associated ocular diseases in Urumqi and the relationship between ocular fundus manifestations and CD4+T cell count.
METHODS: The fundus of 93 AIDS patients were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The clinical symptoms and CD4+T cell count of those patients with fundus changes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Thirteen patients were found having fundus changes which occurred in one eye of 4 patients and two eyes of 9 patients, respectively, and the total detection rate was 14. 0%. Seven patients had vision changes, and the main clinical features of retinal lesion were cotton wool spot and hemorrhage of retina. Four patients were diagnosed as retinitis with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection and 9 patients were diagnosed as HIV related retinopathy diseases. Seven patients among 37 patients with CD4+T cell count ≤100cell/μL had fundus changes related AIDS, and the detection rate was 18. 9%; while 6 patients among 56 patients with CD4+T cell count >100cell/μL had fundus changes related AIDS, and the detection rate was 10. 7%. There was statistical difference between the two detection rates (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: No specificity was found of those patients with the clinical manifestation of HIV- related retinopathy, and those patients are easy to be missed diagnosis. A number of AIDS patients have fundus changes without any vision changes. Therefore, it is very useful for AIDS patients to be carried out the routine fundus examination for the early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the characteristics of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin dry powder inhalation and its relative bioavailability as compared with subcutaneous injection of regular insulin. Methods In this open,single-center,randomized,two-period,cross-over,euglycemic glucose clamp study,18 healthy volunteers(14 men and 4 women),aged(24.9?1.7)years,with body mass index(20.6?1.2)kg/m~2, received the insulin dry powder inhalatin(80 U)or regular insulin(15 U)subcutaneous administration.The blood samples of this study at 0,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,135,150,165,180,195, 210,225,240,270,300,330,360,390,420,450 and 480 rain were taken for serum insulin measurement, meanwhile,glucose infusion rates(GIR)were determined per 5 minutes over a period of 8 hours.Results The C_(max)were(57.9?17.8 vs 114.5?29.7)mU/L(tested vs reference preparation),T_(max)were(46.7?45.6 vs 107.8?33.7)min,GIR_(max)were(3.35?0.98 vs 5.17?1.75)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)and T_(GIRmax)were(88.3?17.0 vs 151.9?34.6)min.The relative bioavailability was(10.26?2.25)%,and the relative bioefficacy was(14.33?7.26)%.Conclusion The study shows that insulin dry powder inhalation is absorbed via lungs and its action sets in earlier than that of the regular insulin injected subcutaneously.These pharmacokinetie and pharmacodynamic data may provide a reliabe guide for further clinical trial.

To assess the perinatal outcomes following selective feticide through radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in complex monochorionic pregnancies. Methods In this retrospective observational study, 34 cases of complex monochorionic pregnancies treated with RFA for selective feticide and delivered at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013, were included. Gestational age at RFA, the number of RFA cycles, maternal and fetal complications, gestational age at delivery, neonatal outcomes at 28 days after birth and neonatal development after birth were recorded. Fetal survival rate were defined as the number of survivors at 28 days after birth divided by the number of remaining fetuses after RFA. Factors affecting fetal survival rate were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results (1) The process for RFA:The gestatinal age for the procedure was (20.7±3.1) weeks(16+1-27+6 weeks). The successful rate of procedures was 100%(34/34) and the cycle number for RFA was 1-6 times. (2)Fetal complications and survival rate of remaining fetuses after RFA:there were six pregnant women suffering from premature rupture of membrane (PROM) before 28 weeks. Among those women, one had miscarriaged at 25 weeks, one chose to terminate at 26 weeks and the remaining four chose to continue the pregnancy. There were three remaining fetuses developing fetal severe anemia with hydrops after RFA. Two of them had fetal demises 2 days after the procedures and one chose to have termination. Another two cases with discordant fetal anomalies had fetal demises with unknown reasons one day after RFA. There were 27 remaining fetuses after RFA who survived until 28 days after birth. The mean gestational age at delivery was(36.4±4.1)weeks (26+4-40 weeks) and the mean birth weight was (2 913± 978) g (1 080-4 600 g). The overall fetal survival rate 28 days after birth was 79%(27/34). There were no abnormal findings in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) four weeks after the procedure and no abnormal development of nervous system in the surviving neonates between 3 months old and 1.5 years old. (3) Factors affecting fetal survival rate :There were no significant differences identified in the rate of fetal severe anemia and fetal demise (2/15, 2/13 and 1/6), the rate of PROM before 28 weeks (1/15, 4/13 and 1/6) and survival rate of 28 days after birth (13/15, 10/13 and 4/6)among three groups with different gestational age (16+1-, 20- and 24-27+6 weeks) for RFA(all P>0.05). The indications for RFA included severe selective intrauterine growth restriction (50%, 17/34), discordant for fetal abnormalities(24%, 8/34) , twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence(18%, 6/34)and dichorionic or monochorionic triamniotic pregnancy (9%, 3/34). There were also no significant differences noted in the rate of fetal complications and fetal demise(3/17, 2/8, 0/6, 0/3), the rate of PROM before 28 weeks (3/17, 0/8, 2/6, 1/3)and survival rate of 28 days after birth among different groups (12/17, 6/8, 6/6, 3/3) with different indications for RFA(all P>0.05) . No significant differences observed in the rate of fetal complications and fetal demise(10% and 2/5)and the rate of PROM before 28 weeks (17%and 2/5)between two groups with different cycle numbers for RFA (<3 times and≥3 times, all P<0.05), while the group with cycle number ≥ 3 times had lower survival rate 28 days after birth than the group with cycle number<3 times for RFA (2/5 vs 86%, P<0.05). Conclusions RFA is one of effective and safe procedures for selective feticide in complex monochorionic pregnancies.

Objective To review the diagnosis,monitoring,management and perinatal outcomes of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy.Methods From July 2010 to August 2013,there were 17 MCMA twin pregnancies diagnosed and delivered in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital.According to the MCMA management protocol,induced abortion,elective fetal reduction,and anticipant pregnancy were optional.For those anticipant pregnancies,fetal lung underwent maturation promotion at gestational weeks 28; hospitalization with 40 min/day continual fetal electronic monitoring and umbilical blood monitoring twice weekly at gestational weeks 28-30; 40 min continual fetal electronic monitoring twice daily and umbilical blood monitoring once every other day at gestational weeks 30-32; and 40 min continual fetal electronic monitoring three times daily and umbilical blood monitoring once daily at gestational weeks 32-34; and pregnancy ended on time.The presence of umbilical cord entanglement,congenital malformation,intrauterine fetal death,complications exclusive to monochorionic twins (e.g.selective fetal growth restriction,twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence and twin-twin transfusion syndrome) and the perinatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results Average maternal age of women with 17 MCMA twins was (29.0±2.7) years,and all were primiparas.They were diagnosed at (18.6± 5.5) weeks on average (11 +5-28+1 weeks).Umbilical cord entanglements were detected in all cases by ultrasonography and confirmed postnatally.There were three cases of complications specific to monochorionic twins,including two with selective fetal growth restriction and one with twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence.There were seven women with fetal congenital malformation; four of whom chose induced abortion; one case of anencephaly chose radiofrequency ablation fetal reduction,and the remaining two cases with congenital malformation and ten cases without chose anticipant pregnancy,and there were no abnormal ultrasonography signs during pregnancy.Among these 12 cases,intrauterine fetal death of both fetuses occurred in two cases at 16 and 21+1 weeks gestation and they were aborted.Intrauterine fetal death of a single fetus occurred in one case at 30+2 weeks gestation (another fetus was delivered by emergency cesarean section).There were a total of eleven live births delivered by cesarean section (four by emergency cesarean section) at a median gestational age of (32.7± 1.6) weeks.There were 20 live neonates with a mean birth weight of (1 850±496) g.Sixteen neonates were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit and hospitalized for (37.9± 16.4) days.Nine neonates suffered from respiratory distress syndrome but were eventually cured.Conclusions MCMA twin pregnancy has high morbidity and mortality.Early ultrasonography helps to clarify the diagnosis and enhance the monitoring,thus improving the perinatal outcomes.

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L^-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of lipid emulsion on acute organophosphorus poisoning and its consequence of acute lung injury. Methods A total of 48 sealant - grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups A,B,C,D,namely saline control group,lipid emulsion control group,the conventional therapy group and lipid emulsion administration group. After dichlorvos (DDVP) 11 mg/kg was given by intra-peritoneal injection,if there was no loss of DDVP during the injection process,the model of poisoning was considered to be made successfully.Then the rat models in four groups were respectively treated:with normal saline (5 ml/kg) intravenous injection in group A,lipid emulsion (5ml/kg) intravenous injection in group B,atropine (5 mg/kg) and pralidoxime chloride (40 mg/kg) intramuscular injection in group C,and combined use of lipid emulsion (5 ml/kg) with atropine and pralidoxime chloride in group D after administration of DDVP by intra-peritoneal injection.The activity of cholinesterase (CHE) in blood was detected before and 0.5 h,2 h and 4 h after DDVP poisoning. The clinical manifestations,the survival of rats,the wet weight of rat' s lung and the pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed within following 24 h. The rates of survival and symptoms of rats were compared between paired groups by using the x2 test,and the mean values of biomarkers were compared paired groups by using t test. Results In groups A and B,the intensity of muscular fasciculation and salivation were more severe and appeared sooner after DDVP exposure in comparison with groups C and D leading to lower survival rates in group A and B. Compared with group C,the rate of 24 h survival was higher and the intensity of muscular fasciculation was weaker in group D ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In group A and group B,the 24-hour survival rates were 1/12 and 2/12,respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of CHE in blood significantly decreased after DDVP poisoning ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in activity of CHE between group B and group A,and in groups C and D,the levels of CHE in blood were not significantly higher than that in the group B 0.5 h after DDVP poisoning ( P ＜ O.05 ).In groups C and D,the activity of CHE in blood was significantly higher compared with group A and B,and that in group D was higher compared with C,and that in group B was higher compared with A 2 and 4 hours after DDVP poisoning ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In groups C and D,the wet weight of rat lung was significantly lighter compared with groups A and B,and that in group D was lighter compared with C,and that in group B was lighter compared with A 24 h after DDVP poisoning P ＜ 0.05 ).The electron microscopic findings showed the combined use of lipid emulsion with atropine and pralidoxime chloride obviously lessened the lung histopathologic changes after DDVP poisoning.Conclusions The lipid emulsion combined with atropine and pralidoxime chloride can be beneficial to controlling the toxic symptoms,reduce the death rate,accelerate the resume of the activity of CHE in blood,and relieve the lung injury induced by acute organophosphorus poisoning.

Objective To discuss the effect of Montelukast (Mont) on MDA,SOD,W/D,TNF-α,IL-10 and NF-κBp65 in lung tissue of Wistar rats poisoned by paraquat (PQ) and also to observe the pathological changes of the lung tissue.Methods A total of 104 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups in random (random number),namely PQ group (n =40),Mont group (n =40) and control group (n =24).PQ (20 mg/kg) was administered by intra-peritoneal route to rats of PQ group and Mont group and narcotics were used for 2 hours.Mont in dose of 50 mg/kg was administered intra-gastrically to rats of Mont group per day and saline instead were administered to PQ group and control group per day until they were sacrificed for experiment.Of both PQ group and Mont group,10 rats were sacrificed at each interval of 1,3,5 and 7 days respectively after modeling,whereas 6 rats of control group were sacrificed at each interval.The levels of MDA and SOD in lung tissue and W/D of lung tissue,the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-10 and the level of NF-κBp65 in lung tissue were determined.Further,the specimen of lung tissue was prepared for electron microscopy observation.Results The level of MDA in lung tissue of PQ group was (8.19 ± 0.53) nmol/mg prot,which was significantly higher than that of control group on the 7th day.The level of SOD in lung tissue of PQ group was (128.76 ± 10.18) U/mg prot,which was significantly lower than that of control group.In PQ group,the W/D of lung tissue (6.62 ±0.42),level of serum TNF-α (156.16 ± 11.13) pg/ml,level of IL-10 (43.63 ±4.44) pg/ml and level of NF-κBp65 in lung tissue (0.23 ±0.02) were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜0.01).In Mont group on the 7th day,the level of serum TNF-α (129.99 ±13.13) pg/ml,level of serum IL-10 (34.28 ± 3.80) pg/ml and level of NF-κBp65 in lung tissue (0.20 ±0.02) were significantly lower than those in PQ group (P ＜ 0.01).In the PQ group,pathological changes of lung tissue under the light and electron microscopes were acute diffused lung injury manifested itself in hemorrhage,effusion and infiltration of inflammatory cells inside the alveolar space,and the necrosis and defluxion of Ⅰ type and Ⅱ type epithelia cells.The pathological changes in Mont group were localized with infiltration of scanty inflammatory cells,and Ⅰ type epithelia cells were intact and there was no obvious necrosis of Ⅱ type epithelia cells.Conclusions Mont has protective effects on acute lung injury caused by PQ poisoning in rats.

Objective To study the regulatory effect of interferons(IFNs) on retinoic acid-inducible gene-Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ) and the roles of RIG-Ⅰ in IFNs signaling pathway. Methods RIG-Ⅰ expression before and after IFNs treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs) were analyzed with Northern blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay.MEFs isolated from wild-type and RIG-Ⅰ-/-mice were used to test growth inhibition and antiviral activity of IFNs with MTT assay and cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Results Both IFN-? and IFN-? could induce RIG-Ⅰ expression in MEFs.Treated with 100 U/mL IFN-?,growth inhibition and antiviral activity of MEFs from wild-type mice were more significant than those from RIG-Ⅰ-/-mice.With the absence of RIG-Ⅰ,the antiviral protective role IFN-? plays was significantly weaker than the wild type. Conclusion RIG-Ⅰ gene is a novel mediator of interferon effects on cells.It may participate in the inflammation responses mediated by IFNs through modulating cytokines production.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on renal morphology and renal function of rats with streptozotocin diabetes. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were normal control group, untreated group and Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in rats of the last two groups by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy. Then the rats in the normal control and untreated groups were fed with normal saline while those in the Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group were fed Salvia miltiorrhiza preparation for 8 weeks. The glomerular volume (VG), kidney-to-body weight ratio (KW/BW), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were observed. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: UAER, Ccr, VG and KW/BW ratio were significantly higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in the untreated group were also significantly higher as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.05). UAER, Ccr, VG, KW/BW ratio and the levels of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in the Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group were obviously lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Salvia miltiorrhiza can protect rats with streptozotocin diabetes from diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the over-expressions of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in renal cortex.