Danshen is one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines and nas a long history or being used clinically in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions such as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Tanshinone IIA is a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from Danshen. It has been reported to be the major bioactive compound of Danshen and has diverse biological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that tanshinone IIA had neuroprotective effects on experimental ischemic stroke through its antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis effects and its inhibitory effect on excitatory amino acid toxicity. In this review, we summarized all the recent progresses on the protective effect of tanshinone IIA on cerebral ischemic stroke. Hopefully, this article will throw some light on further study and application of tanshinone IIA.
Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Stroke ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical results of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with the lateral retinacular release for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to June 2013, 15 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation underwent arthroscopic MPFL reconstruction combined with the lateral retinacular release. The graft was autogenous semitendinosus and semimembranosus tendon. There were 5 males and 10 females with an average age of 19.4 years old (ranged,14 to 32 years old). The patients suffered recurrent patellar dislocation at least twice preoperatively. Preoperative conventional X-ray, CT, and MR examination were used to analyze the causes of the patellofemoral joint and MPFL injury. Preoperative Lysholm score was 69.85 ± 11.52. During operation, the arthroscopic examination was performed to evaluate the patellofemoral alignment and patellar tracking.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for an average of 27.6 months (ranged,12 to 36 months) with no recurrent dislocation and sub-dislocation. All the patients showed negative apprehension test at straight and 30 ° flexions of knee. The range of motion of knee returned to normal level at 12 months after operation. There were no patients with subjective discomfort of knee. Postoperative Lysholm score was improved to 92.60 ± 5.75.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of arthroscopic MPFL reconstruction combined with the lateral retinacular release is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation, which can relieve the symptom of knee and improve the patella stability and knee function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Patellar Ligament ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Patellofemoral Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

[Objective]To explore the relationship between peripheral arterial disease(PAD)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes patients.[Methods]A total of 99 patients diagnosed with PAD were classified into grade 1-3 by their total scores of peripheral arterial stenosis assessed by color doppler ultrasound examinations,where the degree of stenosis 30% ~ 49% scored 0, 50%~99%scored 1,lumen occlusion(i.e. degree of stenosis 100%)scored 2,and therefore the total score 0-2 was categorized into Grade 1 ,3~4 into Grade 2 ,5~12 into Grade 3. The bilateral anterior tibial artery ,posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery of these patients were analyzed. The presence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)was graded from retinal photographs using a standard protocol.[Results]Among 99 cases of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease ,58.6%of them were male with average age of 67.3 ± 7.9 years old. Patients of Grade 1,Grade2,Grade 3 lesion accounted for 45.4%,30.3%,24.2%,respectively. Age, gender,smoking history,SBP,DBP,BMI,FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,HbA1C among 3 groups were not statistically signifi-cant. The associations of DM duration and HbA1C value were significantly larger in DR than in PAD. The proportion of DR patients increased with the severity degree of PAD(p for trend=0.004). Degree of stenosis Grade 2 and Grade 3 could be predictive for DR.[Conclusions]DR is associated with the severity degree of PAD in type 2 diabetes patients as evaluated by duplex ultrasonography.Degree of stenosis Grade 2 and 3 could be used for screening or finding DR. Strategies for optimum treatment and early prevention are needed.

Adult ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

"Bazhen Prescription" is composed of acupuncture at bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) with reinforcing method, functioning supplementing qi and blood, which is a commonly-used prescription for treating the diseases with deficiency of qi and blood. This is a proved recipe summarized by tens years' clinical practice of the author's grandfather and farther, and is a basic recipe for general treatment, treatment based on TCM differentiation and supplementing both qi and blood, with functions similar to Chinese medicine "Bazhen Decoction". Practice proves that for all the diseases and syndromes of deficiency of qi and blood, if only differentiation of syndromes is correct, satisfactory results will be obtained. In the present paper, the source, composition of acupoints, manipulation, function and indications, clinical application of the recipe are introduced.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore double regulative and therapeutic actions of acupoints, and clinically exert and use these actions.

METHODSDiscuss functions of points, reinforcing and reducing amount of reinforcing and reducing manipulation, combination of acupoints, and application of prescription of acupoints.

CONCLUSIONThe double regulative and therapeutic actions of acupoints are carried out by means of different acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulation under different pathological states of the organism.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans

Effect of strophanthidin (Str) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was investigated on isolated ventricular myocytes of guinea pig. Single ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation technique. Fluorescent signal of [Ca2+]i was detected with confocal microscopy after incubation of cardiomycytes in Tyrode's solution with Fluo3-AM. The result showed that Str increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The ventricular myocytes began to round-up into a contracture state once the peak level of [Ca2+]i was achieved in the presence of Str (10 μmol·L-1), but remained no change in the presence of Str (1 and 100 nmol·L-1). Tetrodotoxin (TTX), nisodipine, and high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ changed the response of cardiomycytes to Str (1 and 100 nmol·L-1), but had no obvious effects on the action of Str (10 μmol·L-1). The elevation of [Ca2+]i caused by Str at all of the detected concentrations was partially antagonized by rynodine (10 μmol·L-1) or the removal of Ca2+ from Tyrode's solution. In Na+, K+-free Tyrode's solution, the response of cardiomycytes in [Ca2+]i elevation to Str (10 μmol·L-1) was attenuated, while remained no change to Str (1 and 100 nmol·L-1). TTX, nisodipine, and high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ changed the response of cardiomycytes to Str at all of the detected concentrations in Na+, K+-free Tyrode's solution. The study suggests that the elevation of [Ca2+]i by Str at the low (nomomolar) concentrations is partially mediated by the extracellular calcium influx through Ca2+ channel or a "slip mode conductance" of TTX sensitive Na+ channel. While the effect of Str at high (micromolar) concentrations was mainly due to the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase. Directly triggering the release of intracellular Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by Str may be also involved in the mechanism of [Ca2+]i elevation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of bacteria in general ICU then discuss the susceptible factors and the treatment.METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical information was performed on 123 patients diagnosed infection who stayed in ICU from May 2002 to May 2004.RESULTS Most of bacteria resulted in infection of general ICU were Gram-negative(62.88%) and then Gram-positive(19.65%). Fungal infection accounted for 17.47%.Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied the highest percentage among Gram-negative bacteria.Most of Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and all of them were MRS.The infection site in ICU focused on lower respiratory tract(89.09%).The second was urinary tract(11.79%).CONCLUSIONS Most of the bacteria causing infection in general ICU locate in respiratory tract.They are mainly Gram-negative.All of the Gram-positive bacteria are MRS.The risk factors of hospital-acquired infection are related with patient′s age,underlying disease,intensive care time,ventilation time and invasive operation.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl in laser photocoagulation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods From March,2014 to January,2015,ROP infants hospitalized for laser photocoagulation in Guangdong Women and Children hospital were randomly (using envelope method)assigned into the fentanyl groupand the control group.In the fentanyl group,the patients were given fentanyl combined with topical anesthesia,while onlytropical anesthesiain the control group.Premature infant pain profile (PIPP)scores,heart rate,mean artery pressure and complications within 3 days after operation were recorded. The concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol in the blood were measured before and after the operation.Student′s t test,non-parameter rank and chi-square test were used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results A total of 82 infants were enrolled in the study,42 in the fentanyl group and 40 in the control group.In the fentanyl group,11 .9% infants had maximum PIPP score ≥6 and 70.0% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).In the fentanyl group,the PIPP score at the beginning of operation, the maximum PIPP score during operation and the PIPP score at the end of operation were 2.0,3.0and 1 .5, respectively.In the control group,these scoreswere 8.0,8.0and 8.0 respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ).No significant differences existed between the concentration of epinephrine,norepinephrine and cortisol before and after operationin the fentanyl group.However,these concentrations were elevated after the operation than before the operation in the control group (P <0.05).The incidence of complications within three days after operation was 19.0% in the fentanyl group and 40.0% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Comparing with topical anesthesia,fentanyl combined with topical anesthesia has lower pain scores,less stress responses and fewer complications during ROP laser photocoagulation.Fentanyl combined with topical anesthesia is a safe and effective analgesic method during ROP laser photocoagulation.

A nest RT-PCR/restriction test has been developed in order to distinguish the lapinised vaccine strain from field isolates of classical swine fever virus. The restriction enzyme cut sites mapping of the major coding sequence of E2 gene lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain of classical swine fever virus have been compared. Ten and sixteen unique restriction markers have been found in the lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain. The restriction enzyme cut sites mapping of the twenty six unique restriction marker in the major coding sequence of E2 gene of 17 classical swine fever field isolates have been analyzed. Only 3 sites (HgaI、Hin8I及Hsp92I) are present in the lapinised vaccine strain sequence. Two pans of nested primers and a criteria of analysis have been designed for HgaI restriction marker site. The tests have been conducted first on the lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain of classical swine fever virus resulting in predicted restrection patterns. Finally, the tests have been applied to 5 field isolates of different gene group analyzed by phylogenetic study. The result showed that only HCLV strain gene can be cut to 2 fragment by Hgal , and ShiMen strain and 5 field isolates cant be cut At the same time the sensitivity and specificity of nest RT-PCR have been tested. The sensitivity is 0. 2MLD. The specific fragment of BDV and BVDV were not obtained by the nest RT-PCR. These results showed that the development of the nest RT-PCR/restriction tests is very important for the control and perish of classical swine fever in china.