The cerebral ischemia was produced by Pulsinellis method in Sparaque-Dawley rats. The brain edema and survival rate of rats with bilateral carotid and vertebral arteries occlusion for 60 min were observed in ip tetradrine at doses of 1 ~ 4 mg/kg groups and control rats.Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in brain tissue were also measured by pyrogallol method and fluorescence spec-trometry. The results suggested that tetradrine have protective effect on cerebral ischemia, which was related to the inhibition of lipoxide and scavenging of oxygen free radical.

Currently, as an important raw material of Chinese traditional patent medicines, Paridis Rhizome is in great demand, which led to its price increases. In order to protect the wild resources and satisfy market demand of Paridis rhizome, the researches in various directions were conducted, involved its chemical composition, pharmacological action, clinical application, resource investigation, artificial cultivation, etc. Herein, the chemical studies of genus Paridis Rhizome, aerial parts of Paridis Rhizome gummy and starchy Paridis Rhizome, and the studies of endophyte in Paridis Rhizome were reviewed and analyzed in order to explore the substitutes of Paridis Rhizome, and provide the reference for the enlargement of medicinal resources of Paridis Rhizome. It manifests that the steroidal saponins, the important chemical compositions in Paridis Rhizome were tested in genus Paridis Rhizome, aerial parts of Paridis Rhizome, gummy Paridis Rhizome and the endophyte in Paridis Rhizome. However, the further experimental studies and clinical verification works should be carried out to confirm the final substitute.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To improve diagnosis accuracy of pineocytoma (PC) by joint analysis of CT,MRI imaging features and differential diagnosis with other lesions in pineal region.Methods Totally 6 pineocytoma patients confirmed surgically and pathologically had their clinical history,CT and MRI data collected and analyzed on lesion morphology,cystic solid changes,existence of necrosis,complications of hemorrhage and or calcification,MRI and enhanced scan of solid component,complications with hydrocephalus and etc.Results Plain scan found 1 case of solid nodule and 5 cases of cystic-solid nodules,2 cases with clearly-bordered lesions and 4 one not as well as 4 cases with significant hydrocephalus and 2 ones with light hydrocephalus.Enhanced scan showed 5 cases of moderate to marked enhancement and one case with no obvious enhancement.CT examination proved there were 1 case of calcification and 1 case of hemorrhage.Conclusion Pineocytoma has the characteristics of benign tumor,and has to be differentiated with other tumors frequently occurring in this region in case of obvious clinical signs due to crushing brain parenchyma or blocking aqueduct cerebri by oversized lesions.

The market and literature were studied to understand the existing situation of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods, and the collected samples were analyzed, combined with the actual production, a new standard of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex commercial specification and grade was drafted. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods was divided into two categories according to the source in the old standard. Then each category was divided into four kinds of specifications according to the site. Each kind of specification was divided into several grades according to the length and weight. To judge the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods was mainly based on the appearance quality. In the new standard, the classification of commercial specification and grade is based on the thickness, magnolol and honokiol content. The goods of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex can be divided into three specifications: Tongpu, Genpu and Doupu. Tongpu is divided into three grades, the remaining two are not graded.
Magnolia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the clinical features of systemic sclerosis( SSc)patients with pulmonary hypertension(PAH)ane its treatment approach ane prognosis. Methods The clinical information of 16 SSc patients with PAH(PAH group)were recoreee. Seventy-four SSc without PAH were servee as no-PAH group. Patients in PAH group were given the basic therapy inclueing oxygen therapy,anticoagulants,careiac, eiuretic,anti-rheumatic,pulmonary vasoeilator therapy. Results The rate of antinuclear antiboey in PAH ane non-PAH group were 87. 5%(14 / 16)ane 75. 7%(56 / 74),ane the eifference was statistically significant(P= 0. 508). Serum albumin,erythrocyte seeimentation rate at 1 h in PAH group were(32. 6 ± 4. 6)g/ L ane (48. 4 ± 29. 4)mm/ 1 h. The rate of acral lesion proteinuria,hematuria,ECG abnormal rate were 62. 5%(10 / 16),62. 5%(10 / 16),43. 8%(7 / 16),62. 5%(10 / 16)respectively in PAH group. Serum albumin, erythrocyte seeimentation rate at 1 h in PAH group were(35. 6 ± 5. 0)g/ L ane(31. 3 ± 26. 3)mm/ 1 h in non-PAH group. The rate of acral lesions,proteinuria,hematuria,ECG abnormal rate were 31. 1%(23 / 74),27. 0%(20 / 74),12. 2%(9 / 74),9. 5%( 7 / 74 ) respectively in non-PAH group. The eifferences were significant between in terms of all above ineices(P = 0. 033,0. 041,0. 018,0. 006,0. 003,0. 000). During follow-up,the eisease was in stable in 74 case of non-PAH. Among 16 case with PAH,1 mile case was lost,1 case with severe PAH eiee of severe pneumonia,pulmonary hypertension,right ventricular failure,respiratory failure,3 mile patient with PAH were with eevelopment of primary eisease ane the rest 11 cases of PAH patients were with lower interstitial lung eisease than that of the previous eetectee by chest HRCT. Oppler echocareiography measurement of pulmonary artery systolic pressure was(48. 9 ± 2. 4)mmHg before treatment ane then reeucee to(31. 5 ± 4. 5)mmHg in rest 11 cases(t = 22. 27;P = 0. 001)measuree by Doppler echocareiography. Careiac function was improvee euring followee up ane no other aeverse reactions were seen. Conclusion SSc patients merge multiple PAH show it associate with other organ eamage,ane has a poor prognosis. Early careiac Doppler ultrasoune shoule be performee in oreer to get early eiagnosis ane treatment. Treatment approaches shoule be targetee at the primary eisease ane incentives such as pulmonary besiee oxygen therapy,eiuretics,careiac ane anticoagulant erugs in oreer to improve prognosis.

The study is aimed to distinguish morphological characteristics of Dalbergiae Lignum collected from crude drug's markets and establish a identification methods and the quality standard for Dalbergiae Lignum. The macroscopic and microscopic features of Dalbergiae Lignum from crude drug's market were observed, analyzed and compared according to Hongmu specification issued by the People's Republic of China in 2000, and by the characteristics recorded in domestic monograph of Mucai Shibie (wood identification). The redwood of Dalbergiae Lignum cut into small pieces as medicinal material are dry heart wood of mahogany (trees from Dalbergia sp.), which characteristics of the small pieces as crude drug are different. There are differences in macroscopic and microscopic features about texture of wood and color, odor, taste, transverse section, radial section, tangential section. The results can provide basis for identification, application and improment of the quality standard of Dalbergiae Lignum as medicinal material.
China ; Dalbergia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Quality Control ; Xylem ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

The survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources is the important component and one of the innovative aspects of the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources. China has rich traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the comprehensive investigation of TCM traditional knowledge aims to promote conservation and sustainable use of Chinese materia medica resources. Building upon the field work of pilot investigations, this paper introduces the essential procedures and key methods for conducting the survey of traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources. The essential procedures are as follows. First is the preparation phrase. It is important to review all relevant literature and provide training to the survey teams so that they have clear understanding of the concept of traditional knowledge and master key survey methods. Second is the field investigation phrase. When conducting field investigations, survey teams should identify the traditional knowledge holders by using the 'snowball method', record the traditional knowledge after obtaining prior informed concerned from the traditional knowledge holders. Researchers should fill out the survey forms provided by the Technical Specification of the Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources. Researchers should pay particular attention to the scope of traditional knowledge and the method of inheriting the knowledge, which are the key information for traditional knowledge holders and potential users to reach mutual agreed terms to achieve benefit sharing. Third is the data compilation and analysis phrase. Researchers should try to compile and edit the TCM traditional knowledge in accordance with intellectual property rights requirements so that the information collected through the national survey can serve as the basic data for the TCM traditional knowledge database. The key methods of the survey include regional division of Chinese materia medica resources, interview of key information holders and standardization of information.' In particular, using "snowball method" can effectively identify traditional knowledge holder in the targeted regions and ensuring traditional knowledge holders receiving prior informed concerned before sharing the information with researcher to make sure the rights of traditional knowledge holders are protected. Employing right survey methods is not only the key to obtain traditional knowledge related to Chinese materia medica resources, but also the pathway to fulfill the objectives of access and benefit sharing stipulated in Convention on Biological Resources. It will promote the legal protection of TCM traditional knowledge and conservation of TCM intangible, cultural heritage.
China ; Data Collection ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To obtain the antigen and antibody of JC virus(JCV)VP2.Methods The JCV VP2 gene were amplified from a cerebrospinal fluid sample by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and confirmed by sequencing.Then,the gene was cloned into plasmid pET32a(+)to construct recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+)-VP2.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into the competent E.coli BL21.Induced with isopropyl-β-D-1-1 thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG),E.coli BL21 were subsequently crushed by ultrasound.The gene expression in the supernatant was analyzed by Western blot.Thereafter,the expressed protein was purified by isoeleetric point method.The polyclonal antibody against JCV VP2 protein was obtained from the BALB/c mouse immunized with the purified protein.Results The VP2 fusion protein was expressed in the E.coli BL21.The recombinant fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induetion with relative molecular mass of 58.5×10~3.Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDSPAGE)analysis showed that the expression level was highter after 6-10 h of IPTG induction.The recombinant protein had good antigenicity which was confirmed by BALB/c mice immunized with the protein.Conclusions The successful expression and purification of VP2 fusion protein and the antibody will be valuable for the study on the biological function of VP2 and JCV epidemiologieal investigation.

Objective To explore the diagnosis, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly patients. Methods A total of 68 patients aged over 60 years presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent cerebral angiography. And 72 intracranial aneurysms were detected in 60 patients, among whom 47 patients with 59 aneurysms underwent endovascular coil embolization, 6 aneurysms in 6 patients were clipped in microneurosurgery operation, and 7 patients chose conservative treatment. Results A total of 57 aneurysms (96.6%) were embolized successfully, among which 40 aneurysms (70.2%) reached dense occlusion and 17 aneurysms (29.8%) reached incomplete occlusion. Among 47 patients undergoing endovascular treatment, 39 patients (83.0%) were evaluated as good, 7 patients (14.9%) were moderately to seriously disabled according to Glasgow Outcome Scale when they were discharged, and one patient died. Conclusions Active treatment such as endovascular coil embolization can acquire good outcome in elderly patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially in elderly patients detected with aneurysms.

Objective To study the value of hCG ratio of blood in peritoneal cavity versus venous blood (RPhCG/VhcG) in diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy (EP).Methods From Mar.2009 to Oct.2012,268 cases with EP (EP group) and 53 women with intrauterine pregnancy with haemoperitoneum (hIUP) (hIUP group) from International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 6th People Hospital and Shanghai Jiangwan Hospital were enrolled in this prospective study.The HCG of all subjective were measured in blood in peritonea cavity and venous blood,then calculate the ratio of RPhCG/VhCG.Scatter point analysis and ROC were used to differentiate EP,determine threshold of hlUP and evaluate the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis EP preoperatively.Results The mean RPhCG/VhCG; of EP group was 4.35,which was significantly higher than 0.81 in hIUP group (P ＜ 0.01).Scatter point analysis showed that the threshold value of RPhCG/VhCG between ectopic pregnancy and hIUP was 1.0.The overall sensitivity of RPhCG/VhcG in the diagnosis of EP was 98％,the specificity was 100％,the positive predictive value was 100％ and the negtive predictive value was 93％.Conclusion RPhCG/VhCG ＞ 1.0 could be used to diagnose and differentiate EP from hIUP accurately.