Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Rhodiola

0.05),PD and AL were decreased in 1 year(P

Objective To observe the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMFs) or/and exercise on the area bone mineral density (aBMD) and volume bone mineral density (vBMD) of rats with osteoporosis induced by tretinoin gastric perfusion.Methods 100 female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 rats in each group： PEMFs group, exercise group, PEMFs plus exercise group, osteoporosis group and healthy control group. Except for the healthy control group, the osteoporosis models of other 4 groups were built by tretinoin gastric perfusion. After the building of models, each group was intervened with different treatment. In the 4th, 6th and 8th week after treatment, relevant Results of aBMD and vBMD were tested.Results Compared with the osteoporosis group, the BMD of the rats of PEMFs group, exercise group, PEMFs plus exercise group significantly increased significantly ( P＜0.05) in the 6th week, 4th week and 4th week after treatment respectively. In the 6th and 8th week, there was no significant differences among the PEMFs plus exercise group, the exercise group and the PEMFs group ( P>0.05).Conclusion PEMFs can increase the BMD of the rats with osteoporosis as well as exercise. PEMFs takes effect slower than exercise.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for hip fracture in elderly people in Ningbo,in order to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of hip fracture.Methods A case-control study were conducted in study on 450 cases of hip fracture patients aged over 60 years in Ningbo and 450 subjects of control as 1 ∶ 1 matched case control study.A univariate analysis of hip fracture was performed by x2 test.Risk factors for hip fracture were analyzed by logistic regression.Results Poor self-care ability (OR=5.05),light manual labor occupation (OR=4.10),history of cerebrovascular events (OR=2.59),smoking (OR=2.14) were the risk factors for hip fracture in elderly men,while poor self-care ability (OR=11.36),light manual labor occupation (OR=2.41),osteoporosis (OR=3.19),early menopause (OR=6.89),low body mass index (OR=5.05) were the risk factors for hip fracture in elderly women.The protective factors for hip fracture was milk uptake (OR=0.29) Conclusions Early interventions for hip fracture risk factors,and prevention and treatment of osteoporosis can help reduce the occurrence of hip fracture.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of small-axillary-incision esophagectomy combined with mechanical esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal carcinoma.Methods From April 2005 to April 2007,56 patients with esophageal cancer underwent small-axillary-incision esophagectomy combined with mechanical esophagogastric anastomosis in our hospital.After thoracotomy was performed via a small axillary incision,the stomach and esophagus were separated.Circular stapler was used for esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy.The anastomotic segment was then enveloped and placed at the esophageal bed.Results The average length of the axillary incision was(13.2?1.6)cm(10-15 cm).No anastomotic leak and hemorrhage,injury to the laryngeal nerve,or chylothorax occurred in this series.53 of the patients were followed up for 4-16 months(mean,7.8 months),during which 1(1.9%)patient developed slight anastomotic stenosis,and 4(7.5%)had gastroesophageal reflux.Conclusions Small axillary incision causes less trauma to the patients leading to a quick recovery.By using mechanical cervical anastomosis,man-mad injuries to the anastomotic segment are avoided,resulting in a low rate of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Continuous selected 636 cases of 50-80 years old inpatients or outpatients who examined by transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in April 2012 to April 2013 in our hospital.Keep the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating (CDR) as the evaluation of cognitive function.Results Detected 124 cases of MCAS patients (MCAS group) and 512 cases of non-MCAS patients (non-MCAS group).Forty-four cases MCI were detected in MCAS group with the prevalence rate was 35.5％(44/124),and 114 cases of patients with MCI were detected in non-MCAS group with the prevalence rate was 22.3％ (114/512),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Single factor analysis showed that there were no significant difference between two groups in waist circumference,hypertension,coronary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,smoking,diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol,uric acid,fasting glucose,C-reactive protein (P ＞ 0.05); There were significantly different between two groups in age,gender,education level,MCAS,history of diabetes,systolic blood pressure and triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors analysis showed that the MCAS (OR =1.899,95％ CI 1.224-2.946),history of diabetes (OR =1.764,95％ CI 1.191-2.612),systolic blood pressure(OR =1.012,95％ CI 1.003-1.022),gender (OR =0.558,95％ CI 0.380-0.821),and age (OR =1.029,95％ CI 1.010-1.049) was the independent risk factor for MCI.Conclusion The MCAS related with MCI occurrence and development.

NAD +-dependent cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Sacch aromyces cerevisiae is one of the key enzymes in metabolic pathway of glycerol . catalysing the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosph ate.It has two isoenzymes.To study the differences between their structures, their expression of encoding genes and their functions may help increase the understan ding of the cell response mechanism to the hyperosmotic and anoxic conditions. In this paper the research on the two isoenzymes was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of learning adaptability of nursing student in the emergency department and come up with relevant countermeasures. Methods Two hundred nursing student in the emergency department participated in the survey. A self-designed questionnaire on their learning adaptability and the results were analyzed. Result The job category, work environment, disease of the patients, internship time, teaching method and the professional identification were the top six factors influencing their learning adaptability situation. Conclusion Such measures as strengthening the orientation of student nurses, cultivating their observation ability and communication skills, enhancing the consciousness about law, increasing practice time appropriately, improving teaching methods and ability, and strengthening sense of identity can guarantee effective internship and adaptability of the nursing student in emergency department.

Objective To detect the osteopontin(OPN)expression in renal tissue of rats with fluorosis and low calcium diet,and study the role of OPN in renal injury of fluorosis.Methods Forty-eight aged 1 month Wistar rats,80-120 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups by 2×2 factorial design(the number of female and male in each group was equal):the control group,high-flluoride group,low-calcium group and low-calcium with high-fluoride group.All rats of the fluorosis groups were fed with feed containing corn exposed to coal-burning from endemic fluorosis areas with high fluoride(100 mg/kg,corn),the other two groups were fed with feed containing coru from nonendemic fluorosis areas(fluoride 5 mg/kg,corn).After 16 weeks,the rats were killed.The change of teeth was examined,and the incidence rate of dental fluorosis was calculated.The expressions of both protein and mRNA of OPN in rat renal tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry after four-month experimentation.Results The growth of teeth was very well in the control group and the low-calcium group.The two high-fluoride groups showed evident dental fluorosis(100%).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the OPN protein was localized in renal tubule cytoplasm.The OPN-positive cells from renal tissue were lightly and scatteredly stained in control and low-calcium groups.The OPN-positive cells had deeper color in high-fluoride group and low-calcium with high-fluoride group,widely distributed in the renal tubular epithelial cells.The protein expression of OPN in the two groups exposed to fluoride(168.64±13.21,169.26±8.92)was significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group(145.78±10.26,all P<0.01)and low-calcium group(149.60±16.84,all P<0.01).The mRNA expression of OPN in the two groups exposed to fluoride(1.89±0.37,1.94±0.22)was significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group(1.32±0.26,all P<0.05)and low-calcium group(1.30±0.186,P<0.05),respectively.High fluoride influenced the expression of protein and mRNA of OPN(F=13.821,4.24,all P<0.05).Low calcium did not affect the expression of protein and mRNA of OPN(F=2.164,0.58,all P>0.05).However,high fluoride and low calcium had a cross interaction on the expression of protein and mRNA of OPN(F=6.257,432,all P<0.05).Conclusions Over-dose fluoride enhances the expression of OPN.The higher expression observed in the cases exposed to high fluoride concentration is associated with serious renal injury.OPN may he a potential marker for renal injury in fluorosis.Moreover,over-dose fluoride and low calcium make the renal injury worse,indicating low calcium plays an important part in renal injury by fluoride.

Background Tear hyperosmosis is considered to be one of the core mechanisms of dry eye.The measurement of tear osmolarity is important in the clinical diagnosis of dry eye.However,relevant study is lack in Chinese population.Objective The aim was to investigate the relation of tear osmolarity and pathogenesis of dry eye and evaluate the diagnosis value of tear hyperosmosis in dry eye.Methods Sixty-one consecutive dry eye patients were enrolled in Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May to August in 2011,including 30 mild and moderate dry eyes and 31 severe dry eyes,and 30 normal volunteers with matched age and gender were collected simultaneously under the informed consent.The visual acuity,Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire,osmotic pressure of tear,tear film breakup time (TFBUT),corneal fluorescein staining,conjunctival lissamine green staining,Shirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) without anesthesia and meibomian function were examined in turn in the subjects,and lateral eyes with higher tear osmotic pressure were analyzed.The differences in above indexes among the different groups were statistically compared,and the correlations between the osmotic pressure of tear and clinical parameters were assessed.Results The osmotic pressure of tear was (326.46 ±22.66) mOsm/L in the dry eye group,which was significantly higher than (296.60± 10.81) mOsm/L in the normal control group (P＜0.05),and the OSDI scores,TFBUT,corneal fluorescine scores,conjunctival staining scores and S Ⅰ t values in the dry eye group were remarkably elevated in comparison with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The osmotic pressure of tear was (341.90 ± 21.15) mOsm/L in the severe dry eye group,which was significantly higher than (310.50±8.99) mOsm/L in the mild and moderate group (P＜0.017).The area under the curve for tear osmolarity in the dry eye group was 0.916,and cutoff value of sensitivity and specificity in dry eye diagnosis was 308 mOsm/L,with the sensitivity value 0.79 and specificity 1.00.The significant correlations were found between the osmotic pressure of tear and OSDI scores,corneal fluorescine scores,conjunctival staining scores and S Ⅰ t outcomes (r=0.338,0.407,0.246,-0.461,all at P＜0.05).However,the osmotic pressure of tear was not correlated with TFBUT (r=-0.113,P＞0.05).Conclusions Tears osmotic pressure might be a useful indicator for the diagnosis of dry eye and assessment of severity.A combined application of tear osmolarity measurement with other relevant indexes can improve the diagnostic value.