OBJECTIVETo improve the method for monitoring sleep state and respiratory rhythm of SD rats, providing a solution for rats' chewing on the wires, signal loss and instability problems in the animal model of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).

METHODSWe improved monitoring electrodes of both electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG), signal circuit and animal operation.

RESULTSOperation time was shortened and wound exposure time was reduced, which made it easier for postoperative recovery. The ECoG and EMG signals were more stable with sharp image, and signal circuit lines had better conductivity and material durability, achieving continuous monitoring for a long time and high success rate. We could precisely distinguish the sleep wake state and the sleep apnea events in rats according to these signals.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method is more reliable and practical to test the small animal model of SAS, and is more easily to operate and the signals are more stable.

Animals ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Electromyography ; methods ; Models, Animal ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Rats ; Respiration ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis

Objective To evaluate regional airway obstruction with balloon catheter in stabilizing the vital signs in experimental animals suffered from acute massive pulmonary embolism.Methods Pulmonary embolism of right lung artery by using auto-blood clots or detachable latex balloons was established in 27 healthy sheep.When the blood oxygen saturation decreased by 25%compared to that before the procedure, the placement of balloon catheter in corresponding right main bronchus was carried out in 18 sheep(study group).Five sheep were used as control group.The blood oxygen saturation in the remaining four sheep did not reach the intervention level.The pulmonary arterial pressure,the peripheral arterial pressure,the central venous pressure,the heart rate,the blood oxygen saturation,the arterial partial pressure of oxygen as well as of carbon dioxide were invasively determined.Results The experimental model of acute massive pulmonary embolism was successfully established in 23 sheep.After the establishment of pulmonary embolism,increased heart rate,tachypnea,a decrease of≥25%in blood oxygen saturation within 30 minutes and a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure were detected.After the placement of balloon catheter in study group,a reduction of the pulmonary arterial pressure and an elevation of the blood oxygen saturation as well as the arterial partial pressure of oxygen rose were observed.The difference between study group and control group was statistically significant(P

Objective By the method of multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR),we intend to amplify different regions (DFR) of Yersinia pestis DNA,and to establish a multiple DFR genotyping technique for detection of Yersinia pestis.Methods According to the product size of 23 DFRs and pMT plasmid,24 primers were optimized and combined,then multiple primers in one PCR reaction system were added,and positive template DNA was amplified.Meanwhile,200 wild strain DNAs were amplified by multiple PCR and normal PCR,to verify the coincidence rate of the two methods.Results Totally 24 target segments were amplified through the positive DNA template.Through different permutation and combination,24 primers were optimized and combined into 9 groups.Totally 200 wild strain DNAs were used for verification,the coincidence rate of multiple PCR and normal PCR was 100％.Conclusions Multiple PCR is applicable and feasible for DFR genotyping of Yersinia pestis.It is an efficient,economic and high accuracy experimental method for large quantities of Yersinia pestis DFR genotyping.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is an inflammatory lung injury induced by a variety of factors, and these diseases are associated with high rates of mortality due to the lack of effective treatments. Based on the latest research in ALI/ARDS, it is widely accepted that generalized inflammatory responses play a critical role in initiating and developing process of ALI/ARDS. We make a brief review on the immune-pathogenesis and the signaling pathways of ALI/ARDS from the perspective of inflammation, thereby helping develop novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of patients with ALI/ARDS.

Objective To explore the expression level and significance of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in renal tissue with calcium oxalate stone.Methods 20 kidney specimens were collected as the experimental group from patients with calcium oxalate stone who underwent nephrectomy because of stones in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2014;another 20 renal specimens were get as the control group from patients with renal carcinoma,the renal tissues were obtained 2cm far from the tumor and proved as normal tissue.Immunohistochemical detection was carried out to analyze the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the 40 renal samples.Animal experiment:fourteen male SD rats were randomly divided into calcium oxalate stone group and control group.For calcium oxalate stone group we established an ethylene glycol method induced hyperoxaluric rat model featured by crystalline material within tubule lumens;for control group normal feeding was performed.After 6 weeks,all rats were sacrificed,and the kidneys were harvested for further experiments.HE staining and Pizzolato staining were used to detect calcium oxalate crystals within tubule lumens.Western boltting and RT-PCR was applied to detect protein level and mRNA quantity of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β from tissue lysates in rat model.Results In renal tissue samples obtained from patients with calcium oxalate stone disease,we demonstrated that the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β were above to the normal renal tissue samples.We established a hyperoxaluric rat model character with crystalline material within tubule lumens examined by renal histology with HE staining and Pizzolato staining.And we detected that the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β were remarkably increased in the lysates from the hyperoxaluric rat model (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome has overexpression in the renal tissue of patients with calcium oxalate stone as well as in the renal tissue of hyperoxaluric rat,and it provides a new thought to reveal the formation of calcium oxalate stone.

Objective To evaluate regional airway obstruction with balloon catheter in stabilizing the vital signs in experimental animals suffered from acute massive pulmonary embolism. Methods Pulmonary embolism of right lung artery by using auto-blood clots or detachable latex balloons was established in 27 healthy sheep. When the blood oxygen saturation decreased by 25% compared to that before the procedure,the placement of balloon catheter in corresponding right main bronchus was carried out in 18 sheep (study group). Five sheep were used as control group. The blood oxygen saturation in the remaining four sheep did not reach the intervention level. The pulmonary arterial pressure, the peripheral arterial pressure, the central venous pressure, the heart rate, the blood oxygen saturation, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen as well as of carbon dioxide were invasively determined. Results The experimental model of acute massive pulmonary embolism was successfully established in 23 sheep. After the establishment of pulmonary embolism, increased heart rate, tachypnea, a decrease of ≥ 25% in blood oxygen saturation within 30 minutes and a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure were detected. After the placement of balloon catheter in study group, a reduction of the pulmonary arterial pressure and an elevation of the blood oxygen saturation as well as the arterial partial pressure of oxygen rose. were observed. The difference between study group and control group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The result of this animal experiment indicates that obstruction of airway with balloon can be served as a first aid for acute massive pulmonary embolism, which can stabilizes the animal's vital signs and, therefore, can help gain precious time for the follow-up thrombolysis treatment.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of equilibrium therapy of decontamination living creature of blood dilution (ETBD) on acute cerebral infarction.Methods124 inpatients were divided randomly into the treatment group and control group with 62 cases in each group. The patients of the treatment group were treated with routine medicine and ETBD. The patients of the control group were treated only with routine medicine. The blood-lipid and blood viscosity were tested and nerve function evaluation was performed before and on the 15th day after the treatment in two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the levels of blood-lipid, blood viscosity and nerve functions of all patients in two groups were better than that before the treatment, but the effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and no obvious adverse reaction was found.ConclusionETBD is a safe, effect, simply and convenient therapeutic method for acute cerebral infarction and it is suitable for primarily medical units.

Objective To study the relationship of MR delayed enhancement with cardiac troponin I in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and to evaluate their values on assessing HCM condition and prognosis.Methods Thirty-five HCM patients who were diagnosed by echocardiography were enrolled.All patients were performed MR scan and cTn Ⅰ test of blood.The relationships of MR delayed enhancement, myocardial hypertrophy and cTn Ⅰ were analyzed.Results(1)DE was found in 25 of total 35 HCM patients(71.4%).19 of 35 HCM patients(54.3%)had abnormal increased eTn Ⅰ value.The medians of cTn Ⅰ in patients with DE and without DE(110,5 ?g/ml,respectively)had statistics significance (P

As nanomedicines are developing fast in both academic and market areas, building up suitable methods for nanomedicine analysis with proper techniques is an important subject, requiring further research. The techniques, which could be employed for grain size analysis of nanomedicines, were reviewed. Several key techniques were discussed with their principles, scope of applications, advantages and defects. Their applications to nanomedine analysis were discussed according to the properties of different nanomedicines, with the purpose of providing some suggestions for the control and administration of nanomedicines.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Light ; Microscopy, Electron ; methods ; Microscopy, Scanning Probe ; methods ; Nanoparticles ; analysis ; chemistry ; classification ; Particle Size ; Scattering, Radiation ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; methods ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo identify the specific protein in the epididymal luminal fluid that may play a role in sperm epididymal maturation or modification on the surface of spermatozoa.

METHODSWe compared the differential protein components in the lumen fluids from the caput and cauda segments of the epididymis of normal rats as well as from the cauda segment of experimental left varicocele (ELV) rats by SDS-PAGE or 2D-electrophoresis. The protein spots of interest were selected for MS identification, and the target proteins further characterized by immuno-blot assay.

RESULTSMS analysis showed that one of the most prominent proteins, M(r) 22 000, was identical to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PBP), and it was further identified as PBP by immuno-blot assay.

CONCLUSIONPBPs were present in a variety of molecular forms in the epididymal luminal fluid, including the glycosylated form, and ELV markedly elevated the PBP level in the cauda luminal fluid of the rats. Thus, the association of this molecule with sperm surface modification remains an interest for future investigation.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epididymal Secretory Proteins ; isolation & purification ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Varicocele ; metabolism