ZHU Lian is a deceased famous acupuncture and Moxibustion specialist, the first director and the founder of institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. This article discusses the thought and idea of education and teaching of acupuncture-moxibustion from the following three aspects: diversified education and training mode, teaching idea of new acupuncture-moxibustion with a lot of characteristics, and the founding of professional acupuncture-moxibustion college. All above have both distinct characteristics of the times and positively enlightening significance of reality.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; Education, Medical ; history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Teaching ; history

Objective To study the biological characteristics of arsenic resistance cell model chronic arsenic exposure human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (CAsE-hFBMSCs) and discuss the consequence of chronic arsenite exposure to human mesenchymal stem cells (hFBMSCs). Methods hFBMSCs cultivated under general conditions,hFBMSC cell survival rate was detected in 48 hours with arsenite toxicity test under different doses arsenic [0(control),0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,4.00,8.00,20.00,40.00,80.00,120.00 μmol/L]of the fist 2-generation(P2). According to the test results,1.00 μmol/L sodium arsenite was chosen to stimulate hFBMSCs for 14 weeks as experimental group,simultaneous 0 μmol/L sodium arsenite as the control group. And then,the phenotype was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting,and the cell cycle by flow cytometry. Finally,the cell malignant transformation was detected by soft-agar assay. Results Arsenite low than 10 μmol/L promoted cell proliferation,but inhibited cell proliferation when exceeding 10 μmol/L. Half of the lethal dose (LC_(50)) in experimental and control groups were (89.42±0.64),(52.48±0.71)μmol/L. The difference between two groups was statistically significant(t = 123.89,P < 0.05). The phenotype of CAsE-hFBMSCs was CD29,CD90,CD166 positive and CD34,CD45 negative. The phenotype of CAsE-hFBMSCs was the same as the control. Comparing to control group[(8.44±0.45)%,(9.14μ0.14)%,(82.42±0.60)%],G2/M phage[(17.72±5.47)%]and S phage [(25.34±3.36)%]cell increased,G0/G1 phage[(56.96±8.83)%]cell decreased in P2 CAsE-hFBMSCs. The cell cycle became nearly the same as the control group after adaption. CAsE-hFBMSCs did not show clone formation in soft agar clone formation assay. Conclusion Long last and low level exposure to arsenite does not influence the biologic features of hFBMSCs.

Objective:To discover the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Yunnan Province, and establish a grey GM (1, 1) model to predict brucellosis in Yunnan Province.Methods:The epidemic data of incidence rate of brucellosis and population data in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2018 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. Epidemiological characteristics (including time, area and population distributions) were analyzed, and grey GM (1, 1) model was used to predict the incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province in 2019 and 2020.Results:A total of 1 216 brucellosis cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2018, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.237 4/100 000, showing an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 843.34, P<0.01). Case reports were mainly from March to September, accounted for 69.41% (844/1 216) of the total number of cases. The top five regions with case reports were Honghe (289 cases), Qujing (264 cases), Kunming (258 cases), Dali (160 cases), and Yuxi (134 cases), accounting for 90.87% (1 105/1 216). The occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 79.03% (961/1 216). A grey GM (1, 1) model was established to predict the incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province in 2019 and 2020, which was 0.487 6/100 000 and 0.481 7/100 000, respectively. Conclusion:The incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province has increased compared with that of the past, and targeted prevention and control should be carried out in key areas and key populations, and the prediction results should be prospectively evaluated to gradually improve the establishment of brucellosis prediction model in Yunnan Province.

A sensitive LC-MS/MS method to determine cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine in guinea pig' s hair has been established. About 20 mg of decontaminated hair sample was hydrolyzed with 0. 1 mol x L(-1) HCl at 50 degrees C overnight, in the presence of cocaine-d3 and benzoylecgonine-d8 used as internal standards, and then extracted with dichlormethane. The analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Positive electrospray ionization (ESI +) and multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode were used. The limit of detection (LOD) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine was 1 pg x mg(-1). The calibration curves of extracted standards were linear over the range from 5 pg x mg(-1) to 250 pg x mg(-1) (r2 > or = 0.9997). The method was validated and applied to the analysis of guinea pig's hair after a single dose administration of cocaine hydrochloride. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine were not only detected, but also quantified in guinea pigs hair.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cocaine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation combining with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy on myocardium rebuilding,angiogene- sis,and heart function improvement in rats with myocardial infarction.Methods SD rat MSCs were isola- ted,cultured in vitro,labeled with BrdU and transfected by Ad.VEGF gene.Four weeks after left anterior descending artery was ligated to created rat myocardial infarction,cardiac function was examined with echocar- diography,rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each group):GroupⅠ:MSCs/Ad.VEGF implantation;GroupⅡ:MSCs implantation;GroupⅢ:Ad.VEGF injection;GroupⅣ:Control.MSCs dif- ferentiation was observed 4 weeks after transplantation.Immunohistochemistry and angiogenesis were observed. Echocardiography was performed to detect the effects on heart function.Results MSCs labeled with BrdU could be identified in host hearts in groupⅠandⅡ,most of them positively stained with cTnT antibody. Echocardiography indicated that the improvement of the LVEF value in groupⅠwas more significant than that in the other three groups (P＜0.01,respectively).Some cells were incorporated into the coronary capillaries in the infarcted region.The capillary density in groupⅠwas higher than that in the other three groups (P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion MSCs implantation combining with VEGF gene therapy can obviously re- pair damaged myocardium and enhance the angiogenesis in ischemic heart tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effects of Tianshen Yizhi Recipe (TSYZR), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on decreased expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the neurotoxicity as well as lipid peroxidation induced by beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: The SH-SY5Y cells were treated by a certain concentration of TSYZR, and then exposed to Abeta(25-35). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium reduction assay was carried out to understand the influences of the drugs on cellular viability. Expressions of nAChR subunits (alpha3 and alpha7) at protein and mRNA levels were detected by Western-blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid to observe the capacity of antioxidant of the drugs. RESULTS: TSYZR at a safe concentration could increase alpha7 protein in the cells, inhibit decreased expressions of alpha3 and alpha7 nAChR subunit proteins, prevent lower expression of alpha7 mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells induced by Abeta, reduce the neurotoxicity and lipid peroxidation resulting from Abeta, but had no significant effect on the lower expression of alpha3 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: TSYZR can up-regulate the expression of alpha7 nAChR subunit protein and prevent decreased expressions of nAChRs and neurotoxicity as well as lipid peroxidation induced by Abeta. This drug may play an important therapeutic role in treatment of Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of cocaine (COC) and its metabolite benzoylecgonine(BZE) in urine samples. METHODS: A single dose of COC (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs and urine samples were collected for 7 days. The urine samples were extracted by auto solid phase extraction (SPE), separated by the Allure PFP propyl column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer [0.1% formic acid (80:20, V/V)], and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to analyze COC (m/z 304.2-->182.3, m/z 304.2-->150.1) and BZE (m/z 290.2-->168.3, m/z 290.2-->105.0). RESULTS: COC and BZE showed a fairly good linearity over the range of 2.0-100 ng/mL (r=0.9995). The detection limit was 0.5 ng/mL. The recovery rate was greater than 90% and the deviation of intra- and inter-day precision was less than 6%. BZE was the major target detected in urine samples, and its detection window was longer than COC. CONCLUSION This newly developed method shows high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine samples.
Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Cocaine/urine* ; Forensic Toxicology ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.
Excipients ; chemistry ; Gels ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyvinyls ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity

AIMTo prepare fluorescein sodium (FS) cationic liposomes and investigate the influence of cationic lipid (DC-chol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecule weight (MW) on cationic liposome incorporation efficiency, cellular delivery and fluidity of liposome membrane.

METHODSUsing FS as a model material for encapsulation, the liposomes were prepared and separated (by sephadex G-50 1 cm x 20 cm column), and the liposome incorporation efficiencies was measured. The interaction between the FS and cationic liposomes was investigated by measuring the change of fluorescent spectrum. The cellular uptake of different liposome forms by choosing HepG2 2.2.15 as an in vitro cell culture assay model, and the influence of PEG on the fluidity of liposome membrane with the technique of fluorescence polarization were investigated.

RESULTSCationic lipid and different PEGs showed great effects on increasing liposome incorporation efficiency (from 0.64% to 86.57%), cellular uptake (from 2.18% to 48.46%) and fluidity of liposome membrane. The effect of PEG was MW dependent, and with the increase of MW, the incorporation efficiency and transfection was improved, and the fluidity of liposome membrane increased.

CONCLUSIONAddition of cationic lipid and high MW PEG into cationic liposomes can enhance the cellular delivery and fluidity of cationic liposomes. Also, they can improve the incorporation efficiency of cationic liposomes.

Cholesterol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fluorescein ; Hepatoblastoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Molecular Weight ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Transfection ; methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) on cell membrane lipids and cholinergic receptors of human neuroblastoma cells.

METHODSHuman SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with different concentrations of Abeta(1-42) with and without pretreatment of vitamin E. MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and phospholipids were measured by spectrophotometry. Levels of cholesterol and unbiquinone were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The numbers of cholinergic receptor binding sites were determined by receptor binding assay and the protein levels of nicotinic receptor alpha3 and alpha7 subunits were studied by Western blotting.

RESULTSSH-SY5Y cells showed decreased reduction rates of MMT and phospholipids, and increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation after exposure to Abeta (0.1 micromol/L) as compared to the control. The number of cholinergic receptor binding sites, the protein level of nicotinic receptor alpha3 and alpha7 subunits and the content of ubiquinone decreased in cells treated with high dose of Abeta (1 micromol/L). Although the level of cholesterol was not changed in any way, vitamin E partially prevented the neurotoxic effects of Abeta.

CONCLUSIONbeta-amyloid peptide reduces the level of cell membrane lipids and cholinergic receptors in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, likely through the induction of an enhanced oxidative stress.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Membrane Lipids ; metabolism ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Phospholipids ; metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; metabolism ; Ubiquinone ; metabolism ; Vitamin E ; metabolism ; pharmacology