Objective To develop a computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)system with automatic contouring and morphologic and tex-tural analysis to aid on the classification of breast nodules on ultrasound images .Methods A modified Level Set method was pro-posed to automatically segment the breast nodules(46 malignant and 60 benign nodules) .Following ,16 morphologic features and 17 texture features from the extracted contour were calculated and principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to find the optimal feature vector dimensions .Fuzzy C-means classifier was utilized to identify the breast nodule as benign or malignant with selected principal vectors .Results The performance of morphologic features was 78 .30% for accuracy ,67 .39% for sensitivity and 86 .67%for specificity ,while the latter was 72 .64% ,58 .70% and 83 .33% ,respectively .After the combination of the two features ,the re-sult was exactly the same with the morphologic performance .Conclusion This system performs well in classifying the malignant breast nodule from the benign breast nodule .

Sterols are one of the active classes of compounds in Inonotus obliquus for their effective therapy of many diseases. In field environment, this fungus accumulates large amount of sterols. In cultured mycelia, however, this class of compounds is less accumulated. For analyzing the factors responsible for differing sterol composition, the field-grown and cultured mycelia were extracted with 80% ethanol at room temperature and total sterols were prepared using silicon gel column chromatography followed by identification using either GC-MS or spectroscopic methods. For culturing Inonotus obliquus, the seed culture was grown either in basic medium consisting of glucose (2%), yeast extract (0.5%), KH2PO4 (0.01%), MgSO4·7H2O (0.05%) and distilled water at pH 6.5, or the basic medium supplemented with serial concentrations of AgNO3. The results indicated that field-grown mycelia contained lanosterol and inotodiol (comprised 45.47% and 25.36% of the total sterols, respectively) and other 10 sterols (comprising the remaining 30.17%) including ergosterol biosynthetic intermediates such as 24-methylene dihydrolanosterol, 4,4-dimethylfecosterol, 4-methyl fecosterol, fecosterol and episterol. Column chromatography also led to the isolation of lanosterol, Inotodiol, trametenolic acid, foscoparianol B and a new triterpenoid foscoparianol D in field-grown mycelia. In comparison, the cultured mycelia only contained three sterols with ergosterol as the predominant one (82.20%). Lanosterol only accounted for 3.68%. Supplementing Ag+ into the culture at 0.28 μmol·L-1 greatly enhanced content of lanosterol (accounting for 56.81%) and decreased the content of ergosterol (18.5%) together with the presence of intermediates for ergosterol biosynthesis. These results suggested that the sterol composition in mycelia of the fungus can be diversified by supplementing substances inhibiting enzymatic process towards the synthesis of ergosterol. Harsh growth conditions in field environment (I.e. temperature variation, UV irradiation etc.) can delay the synthesis of ergosterol and hereby diversify the sterol composition in the mycelia of Inonotus obliquus.

Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Ultrasonography

Objective To observe the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy combined with motor imagery on unilateral spatial neglect (USN) in stroke patients. Methods Fifty stroke patients with USN were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n = 27 ) and a control group ( n = 23 ). Both groups received routine physical therapy training, including with the Bobath technique and low frequency electrotherapy, while the treatment group received constraint-induced movement therapy and motor imagery in addition. All the patients were assessed with 4 scales of the regular USN assessment ( cancellation tests, line bisection tests, clock drawing tests,copying drawing tests) and with the Barthel index (BI) before and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, both groups' average USN assessments and Barthel indices improved significantly. Furthermore, both the USN results and the Barthel index scores in the treatment group were, on average, significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusion For USN stroke patients, constraint-induced movement therapy combined with motor imagery improves the symptoms of USN and ADL ability significantly better than routine physical therapy treatment alone.

Asthma ; physiopathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves ; Oscillometry ; methods ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests

NAD +-dependent cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Sacch aromyces cerevisiae is one of the key enzymes in metabolic pathway of glycerol . catalysing the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosph ate.It has two isoenzymes.To study the differences between their structures, their expression of encoding genes and their functions may help increase the understan ding of the cell response mechanism to the hyperosmotic and anoxic conditions. In this paper the research on the two isoenzymes was reviewed.

Objective To expore the difference between magnetic resonance image ( MRI) expression of spinal tuberculosis and brku-cellare spondylitis. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 10 patients with tuberculous spondylitis and 12 patients with bru-cellar spondylitis from Jan. 2012 to Oct. 2013. All the patients were scanned by MRI, and the expression difference of MRI were compared. Results The vertebral body of spinal tuberculosis was destroyed severely, and it often accompanied by the kyphosis and multiple-level para-vertebral abscess, and even adjacent organs tuberculosis. The vertebral body of brucellar spondylitis was destroyed lightly,and the abscess is often limited. Conclusion We can distinguish spinal tuberculosis and brucellar spondylitis by the typical difference of the expression of MRI.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of skip-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) for the treatment of two-level noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM).Methods There were 34 patients with two-level noncontiguous CSM underwent skip-level ACDF in our department from January 2014 to December 2016.The clinical outcome including surgery time, intraoperative blood loss,Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores,Neck dysfunction index(NDI),the improvement rate of JOA,segment lordosis,fusion rate and Odom's criteria were evaluted.Results The surgery time was from 92 minutes to 125 minutes,mean operative time 103.28 minutes;the intraoperative blood loss was 50 to 150 mL,with average blood loss of 90 mL.The cervical spine lateral radiographs showed that the cervical physiological curvature had restored.The patients were followed up for average 6 months.The fusion rate of was 94.1％ at the lastest follow-up.No cages subside,implant failure or migration and infection occured.The JOA and NDI scores at the latest follow-up were(14.21±0.732) and (3.26±1.14),respectively,the JOA scores improvement rates was 58.62％.The segmental lordosis before surgery was(10.75±1.132)°,the one after surgery was(15.61±1.312)°,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The Odom's criteria at the lastest follow-up showed that excellent in 21 patients,good in 9 patients and fair in 4 patients,with excellent and good rate of 88.2％.Conclusion Skip-level ACDF can achieve good clinical and radiological outcomes including a high fusion rate and well maintainence of spinal curvature and intervertebral height for patients with two-level noncontiguous CSM.

In all the carpal fractures, scaphoid fracture is the most common in clinic (from 60% to 70% in proportion) and likely leads to nonunion. If nonunion is not treated in time, it probably causes instability of the scaphoid lunate joint, further leading to scapholunate advanced collapse. Its comprehensive manifestations include degenerative arthropathy of radial styloid process, radial scaphoid joint, capitulolunate joint and even total wrist joint, eventually leading to wrist joint dysfunction. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to treatments of scaphoid fracture nonunion. Bone grafting is the most common practical treatment, but new surgical procedures have emerged in recent years. This article thus reviews the research advances in bone grafting for scaphoid fracture nonunion, commenting on the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques.

This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult