Objective To study the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning and preconditioning against ischemic reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle.Methods According to different treatment methods on ischemia-reperfusion injury,forty Wistar rats were divided into I/R group,IPost group,IPC group,IPC + IPost group,control group.Using a rat amputation-like model,Wistar rats underwent temporary amputation at the level of the femur,excluding the femoral vessels.By measuring MDA,MPO,the extent of skeletal muscle infarction,protective effects of postconditioning and preconditioning,postconditioning combined with preconditioning were observed.Results In the Ipost group,IPC group,IPC + Ipost group,MDA and MPO at one hour of reperfusion and extent of muscle infarction at 6 hour of reperfusion was lower than group IR (P ＜ 0.05).In the Ipost group,MDA,MPO and extent of muscle infarction was similar to group IPC + Ipost; In the Ipost group,MDA and MPO was lower than group IPC,extent of muscle infarction was similar to group IPC.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning at the beginning of reperfusion can protect skeletal muscle against ischemic reperfusion injury.Preconditioning also protect skeletal muscle against ischemic reperfusion injury,but preconditioning combined with postconditioning don't offer additional benefit over preconditioning or postconditioning alone.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

To analyze killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (KIR) gene content and allelic polymorphism in Zhejiang Han population, samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results demonstrated that all 17 KIR genes could be observed in the population. All individuals contained 2DL4, 3DL2 and 3DL3 genes. The frequencies of these genes was 1.00. 2DL1, 2DL3, 2DP1, 3DP1*003, 3DL1, 2DS4*001/002 loci were more common, their frequencies were 0.902, 0.902, 0.902, 0.902, 0.7598, 0.5615 respectively, while the frequencies of 2DL2, 2DL5A, 2DL5B, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4*003, 2DS5, 3DS1 and 3DP1*001/002 were relatively lower. The A KIR haplotype was the most prevalent (74.7%) in Zhejiang Han population and there were 12 different KIR haplotypes in total, the most common was 2 (53.0%). Twenty six different genotypes have been found in the population, AJ (2, 2) and AF (1, 2) showed higher frequencies, followed by AH (2, 5), NN2 (2, 6), AI (1, 5) and AG (1, 1). Fifteen of these genotypes have not been found in Caucasians so far and four new KIR profiles could not be assigned to the haplotypes according to standard assign method. In conclusion, there are distinctive frequencies of KIR gene content, haplotype as well as genotype in Zhejiang Han population.
China ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, KIR ; genetics

Objective To compare the efficacy of surgical treatment(ST) and mechanical ventilation treatment(MVT) for flail chest.Methods From March 2013 to May 2017,81 patients with flail chest who underwent ST(28 cases) and MVT(53 cases) were enrolled in ICU.The relevant indicators of efficacy were compared including mechanical ventilation (MV) time,bed rest time,oxygen administration time,catheterization time,antibiotic use time,drug analgesia,drug analgesia patients,proportion of stop/postoperative sputum alone,ICU treatment time,hospital stay,mortality,readmission within two months and long-term pulmonary function after discharge.Results The MV time,bed time,oxygen time,antibiotic use time,ICU treatment time and hospitalization time of MVT were longer than those of ST group,the differences were significant(P ＜ 0.05).MVT had more analgesic times,more analgesic cases,smaller proportion of offline/postoperative sputum along and less hospitalization fees compared with ST group,the differences were significant(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the main indexes of pulmonary function between two groups in 3 months after discharge.Conclusion ST and MVT respectively has advantages and disadvantages for flail chest.There is no significant difference in long-term pulmonary function of ST and MVT.While MVT has less trauma and lower cost.The appropriate treatment could be selected according to the clinical situation.

FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a recently described member of the FGF family. It has been previously demonstrated that FGF21 is a potent regulator of glucose homeostasis. To improve stability of FGF21 for better efficacy, a new form of recombinant FGF21 was generated by fusion of a full length FGF21 gene and the Fc fragment of human IgG4 with flexible linker sequence. To examine the glucose regulation activity of FGF21-L-Fc, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes, and glucose uptake activity of FGF21-L-Fc was examined by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) assay. The results showed that in comparison with wild type FGF21, FGF21-L-Fc was more potent in stimulation of glucose uptake by 3T3-L1. In vivo studies on the modified protein demonstrated that FGF-L-Fc had a better efficacy in lowering blood glucose of the STZ-induced diabetic animals and controlled glucose level for a longer time. The results provided a sound basis for further studies.
3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo develop fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method and to evaluate the its typing capability with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae.

METHODSForty-seven strains of V. cholerae, with different PFGE patterns, were selected as the reference group to optimize the selective primers of AFLP analysis. Eighty-three strains including 20 strains from one epidemic episode, isolated from different provinces during 1961 and 2005, were used to compare the typing abilities of AFLP and PFGE. LI-COR4300 DNA sequencing system was used for AFLP electrophoresis. The images were recorded by Saga(MX) software and transferred to BioNumerics for clustering analysis. A standard protocol for V. cholerae from PulseNet was used in PFGE.

RESULTSWhen comparison was made with different selective primers on AFLP based on the 47 strains, results showed that the optimized selective primer pair was EcoR I-G/Mse I-T, and the reproducibility of the tests was 99.2%. Eighty-three isolates showed 52 AFLP patterns and 44 PFGE patterns, with D values as 0.9545 (AFLP) and 0.9251 (PFGE) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe protocol of fluorescent AFLP on V. cholerae typing was established. AFLP was higher than PFGE in discrimination of V. cholerae which could be used for molecular typing. When combined with PFGE, AFLP became a more insightful tool to identify genome difference of different isolates.

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; methods ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Phylogeny ; Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine whether spinal cord decompression plays a role in neural cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGNWe used an animal model of compressive spinal cord injury with incomplete paraparesis to evaluate neural cell apoptosis after decompression. Apoptosis and cellular damage were assessed by staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and immunostaining for caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax.

METHODSExperiments were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=78) weighing 300-400 g. The spinal cord was compressed posteriorly at T10 level using a custom-made screw for 6 h, 24 h or continuously, followed by decompression by removal of the screw. The rats were sacrificed on Day 1 or 3 or in Week 1 or 4 post-decompression. The spinal cord was removed en bloc and examined at lesion site, rostral site and caudal site (7.5 mm away from the lesion).

RESULTSThe numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were significantly lower at the site of decompression on Day 1, and also at the rostral and caudal sites between Day 3 and Week 4 post-decompression, compared with the persistently compressed group. The numbers of cells between Day 1 and Week 4 were immunoreactive to caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X-protein (Bax), but not to Bcl-2, correlated with those of TUNEL-positive cells.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that decompression reduces neural cell apoptosis following spinal cord injury.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Decompression, Surgical ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism, clinical features and treatment of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal injury.

METHODSFrom January 1999 to December 2004, 57 cases of type II or shallow type III odontoid fractures were studied retrospectively. Six cases were found combined with lower cervical injury, the mean age was 54 years, and 4 of the 6 cases were complicated with cervical spondylarthrosis or ankylosing spondylitis. For the lower cervical injury, fracture-dislocation was found in 2 cases, the disruption of disc and ligament was found in 4 cases among which 2 cases were suffered from incomplete spinal cord injury; Both were caused by lower cervical spinal injury. All of the 6 cases were performed with surgery in odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury simultaneously; Lower cervical spinal injuries were stabilized firstly in 2 cases, which responsible for neurological involvement; For the other 4 cases without neurological involvement, stabilization was performed in odontoid fracture firstly in 2 cases, due to inability to achieve reduction of odontoid fracture preoperatively, however, for the another 2 cases with anatomic reduction of the odontoid fracture preoperatively, lower cervical injuries were stabilized firstly.

RESULTSAfter an average follow-up of 10 months, all cases were obtained solid fusion both in odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury, and without the complications associated with operation and prolonged bed rest. Two cases with neurological defect improved 1 scale in Frankel score.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of odontoid fracture combined with lower cervical spinal injury is about 10.5% of the odontoid fracture, and it is vulnerable in the elderly patient with cervical spondylarthrosis. MRI should be used routinely for accurate diagnosis. Surgical stabilization is the choice of treatment due to facilitating early rehabilitation and reducing the complications. The surgical schedule is planned according to the fact of neurological involvement and the extent of stability between the odontoid fracture and lower cervical spinal injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odontoid Process ; injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The aim of this research is to investigate the protection of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 cell by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)--Shenlian(SL) extracts and to establish the damage model. We use cell growth, cell damage and oxidative stress related markers, and inflammatory cytokines as observation index to evaluate the protection of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 by SL extract. The results showed that 50 mg x L(-1) PM2.5 could cause cell particle deposition, inhibit the growth of cells, and significantly increase the cell supernatant of LDH, NO release quantity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level during 4 h and 24 h. In the intervention of SL extract 50, 25, 10 mg x L(-1), the particle deposition of RAW264.7 cells, cell supernatant of LDH, NO, IL(-1) beta release, MCP-1 was significantly decreased, the SOD activity increased significantly. It shows that SL extracts of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 cell damage has obvious protective effect, the effect may be related to the direct protection of cells, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory injury.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the surgical efficacy of end-to-end layered anastomosis for patients with esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy.Methods Selected 35 patients who received end-to-end layered anastomosis in esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy in people' s hospital of Meishan from January 2016 to February 2017 as end-to-end group,while 21 patients with end-to-side layered anastomosis in esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy as end-to-side group.The anastomosis time,anastomosis tension,oppression degree,fistula incidence,acid reflux incidence,belching incidence and obstruction incidence between two groups were compared.Results The average anastomosis time was (25.17 ± 5.15)minutes in end-to-end group,and (26.10 ± 5.30)minutes in end-to-side group,the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The anastomosis tension of end-to-end group,without oppression,was mostly smaller than that of end-to-side group.There were no case of anastomotic fistula in end-to-end group and 2 cases(14.29％) of anastomotic fistula in end-to-side group,the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).There were no case of obstruction in end-to-end group and 4 cases (19.05％) of obstruction in end-to-side group,the difference was significant (P =0.016).There was no significant difference in acid reflux and belching between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05) in perioperative period and 6 months after surgery.There was no delayed anastomotic fistula and anastomotic stenosis needing expansion in 6 months after surgery.Conclusion Without causing more adverse reactions,end-to-end layered anastomosis in esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy can avoid the incision that may affect the blood supply of esophagus and stomach,and avoid the pressure from esophagus and stomach.