OBJECTIVETo establish a convenient and reliable method for inducing hair regeneration by follicular cell implantation for the treatment of alopecia.

METHODSThe human hair follicle stem cells were separated and purified by micromanipulation and magnetic cell sorting, and human scalp dermal papilla cells were isolated by enzyme digestion. The two cells were mixed and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to observe the regeneration of the hair follicles.

RESULTSFormation of intact hair follicle-like structures was observed in the skin sections of the recipient nude mice.

CONCLUSIONFollicular cell implantation can induce hair follicle-like structures in nude mice, which provides a means for efficient hair regeneration for treatment of hair loss.

Adult ; Alopecia ; surgery ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; growth & development ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish an effective method for isolating and culturing outer root sheath (ORS) bulge cells, dermal sheath cells (DSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) derived from human hair follicle.

METHODSSmall scalp specimens were incubated in the presence of dispase at 37 degrees celsius; for 2 h, the hair shafts with ORS embedded in the dermal sheath (DS) were extracted under dissecting microscope, and the ORS tissue were inoculated onto Petri dish. The specimens were transected at the interface between the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The portions of DS and DP (linked with and enclosed by DS) embedded in the adipose tissue were pulled out and incubated with collagenase at 37 degrees celsius; for 6-8 h, and the DP and DSCs were isolated by repeated low-speed centrifugation and cultured respectively on Petri dishes. The cultured ORS bulge cells were identified by immunohistochemistry with K19 antibody and DPCs and DSCs by immunohistochemistry with alpha-actin antibody.

RESULTSPurified ORS bulge cells, DSCs and DPCs could be harvested from the same human hair follicle.

CONCLUSIONThis new method allows efficient, rapid, and simultaneous isolation and culture of ORS bulge cells, DSCs and DPCs.

Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermis ; cytology ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Scalp ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the hair follicle regeneration after subcutaneous implantation of hair follicle cell mixture in nude mice.

METHODSThe hair papilla cells, dermal sheath cells, outer root sheath and fibroblasts of human scalp were mixed with the hair follicle epithelial cells and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to observe the regeneration of the hair follicle.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONFormation of intact hair follicle-like structures was observed in the skin sections of the recipient nude mice, suggesting the feasibility of this approach for hair follicle regeneration in vivo.

Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; transplantation ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Regeneration ; Skin Pigmentation ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the hair development after subcutaneous implantation of embryonic skin cells in nude mice, and construct a model of hair development.

METHODSDermal and epidermal cells isolated from embryonic mouse skin were mixed at a given ratio and injected subcutaneously in nude mice, and hair formation after the implantation was observed under a microscope.

RESULTSFormation of the hair follicles and fibers under the skin of the recipient nude mice and emergence of the hair shaft were observed microscopically.

CONCLUSIONEmbryonic skin cells be used to construct a complete model of hair development after implantation in vivo.

Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermis ; cytology ; transplantation ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermis ; cytology ; transplantation ; Hair ; growth & development ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Animal ; Skin ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the shaft elongation and morphological changes of follicle-unit (FUs) grafts subjected to controlled injury in different parts.

METHODSHuman FUs were isolated by microdissection under a dissecting microscope. The single hair of anagen FUs were randomly divided into A, B and C groups, and A and B groups were subjected to controlled injury with microsurgery imposed to the dermal papilla and the bulge of FUs, respectively, with C as the control group without any treatment. HE staining was used to detect the histological changes of the cells, and organ culture for 10 days was conducted to observe the morphological changes and elongation of FUs.

RESULTSThere were no histological or morphological changes in A, B and C groups. The average elongation of hair shaft was 1.293-/+0.245, 2.116-/+0.423 and 2.235-/+0.379 mm, respectively. There were significant differences between groups A and B (P<0.05) and between groups A and C (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups B and C (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONDamage of the dermal papilla should be avoided in hair transplantation surgery.

Adult ; Female ; Hair ; transplantation ; Hair Follicle ; transplantation ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; methods

Objective To discuss the method,mid-long term clinical therapeutic effect and safety of coil embolization in treating patients with hepatic arterial pseudoaneurysm(HAPA).Methods Seven patients with repeatedly massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract were undertaken DSA of celiac arteries and hepatic arteries and embolization of the feeding artery by coils or microcoils after correct diagnosis.All cases underwent follow-up from 6 to 60 months(mean 38).Results The blood loss before angiography was ranged from 1200 to 4000(mean 2385)ml.There were 3 cases with normal hepatic function and 4 with hepatic dysfunction including ALT increase in 2 and obstructive jaundice in another.Digital substraction angiography(DSA)clearly showed the location,shape and feeding arteries of HAPA.There were 2 types of HAPA namely intrahepatic (n=3)and extrahepatic(n=4),adding one case with arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Embolization was successful in all cases by coils(n=13)or microeoils(n=12).No recurrence and any definite clinical complication occurred during follow-up.Conclusion Coil embolization in treating HAPA is safe and effective with mid-long term positive clinical therapeutic efficiency without severe complications.(J Intervent Radiol, 2007,16:803-806)

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machines are increasingly being used to complete complicated tasks, yielding remarkable results. Machine learning (ML) is the most relevant subset of AI in medicine, which will soon become an integral part of our everyday practice. Therefore, physicians should acquaint themselves with ML and AI, and their role as an enabler rather than a competitor. Herein, we introduce basic concepts and terms used in AI and ML, and aim to demystify commonly used AI/ML algorithms such as learning methods including neural networks/deep learning, decision tree and application domain in computer vision and natural language processing through specific examples. We discuss how machines are already being used to augment the physician's decision-making process, and postulate the potential impact of ML on medical practice and medical research based on its current capabilities and known limitations. Moreover, we discuss the feasibility of full machine autonomy in medicine.
Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Medicine

Objective:To investigate the surgical treatment of the tumors at cervicothoracic junction.Methods:A retrospective analyses was performed for 63 patients with tumors at the cervicothoracic junction receiving surgery from Mar 2008 to May 2020 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Clinical data about manifestation, surgical approach, resection degree and pathological types were collected. There were 43 cases of asymptomatic patients and 20 cases of patients with ≥1 clinical manifestations. Twenty two patients receiving radical resection with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Anterior approach was the most popular treatment in open surgery (24 cases, 38.1%), and 8 cases of anterolateral approach(6 cases of Hemiclamshell incisions, 2 cases of trap-door incisions), 1 case of posterior approach, 2 cases of posterolateral approach and 1 case of supraclavicular combined posterolateral approach.Results:Pathological examination suggested 61 cases of radical resection and 2 cases of microscopic residual. Neurilemmoma was the most common pathological type (27 cases, 42.9%), the second common pathological type was tumor originated from fibrous tissues (6 cases, 9.5%). The 3-year overall survival rate of those 63 patients was 88.9%, while the 5-year overall survival rate was 84.1%.Conclusion:Tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction are characterized as special location, complicated anatomy and various histopathological subtypes. Individualized approach and surgery improve safety and normalization of tumors at cervicothoracic junction treatment.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of epilepsy and (or) developmental delay associated with KCNB1 gene variants in children.Methods:A case series study was conducted on 24 children with KCNB1 gene variants associated with epilepsy and (or) developmental delay who were treated at the Children′s Medical Center of Peking University First Hospital and the Department of Neurology of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2024. The manifestations of seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG) and genetic test results of those children were analyzed.Results:All the KCNB1 gene variants were de novo, involving 20 different variation, including 15 missense variations, 3 frameshift variations and 2 nonsense variations. There were 7 novel variations. Among the 24 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy children, there were 14 boys and 10 girls. The last follow-up age ranged from 9 months to 13 years and 9 months. Seizures were present in 21 children (88%), with onset ranging from 1 month to 7 years, and 76% (16/21) began before 2 years of age. The seizure types included focal seizures in 15 children (71%), epileptic spasms, myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 6 children respectively, atypical absence seizures in 4 children, and myoclonic atonic seizures in 1 child. Seventeen children (81%) had a cluster of seizures and 5 had a history of focal status epilepticus with impaired consciousness. All 24 children had varying degrees of developmental delay, with 3 presenting solely developmental delay. EEG abnormalities were present in all the 21 children with seizures, including focal or multifocal discharges in 20 children, generalized discharges in 10 children, hypsarrhythmia in 2 children, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep in 3 children. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were found in 5 of the 24 children. Among the 21 children with seizures, 57% (12/21) achieved seizure control.Conclusions:KCNB1 gene variants are predominantly de novo missense variation. Most affected children present with epilepsy, though some may exhibit only developmental delay. Epilepsy often begins before 2 years of age, with focal seizures being the most common type. About 80% of patients experience clustered seizures. Although most patients achieve seizure control, they still exhibit varying degrees of developmental delay, consistent with developmental epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of the four domestic language models,ERNIE Bot,ChatGLM2,Spark Desk and Qwen-14B-Chat,all with a massive user base and significant social attention,in response to consultations about PCa-related perio-perative nursing and health education.Methods:We designed a questionnaire that includes 15 questions commonly concerned by patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and 2 common nursing cases,and inputted the questions into each of the four language models for simulation consultation.Three nursing experts assessed the model responses based on a pre-designed Likert 5-point scale in terms of accuracy,comprehensiveness,understandability,humanistic care,and case analysis.We evaluated and compared the performance of the four models using visualization tools and statistical analyses.Results:All the models generated high-quality texts with no mis-leading information and exhibited satisfactory performance.Qwen-14B-Chat scored the highest in all aspects and showed relatively sta-ble outputs in multiple tests compared with ChatGLM2.Spark Desk performed well in terms of understandability but lacked comprehen-siveness and humanistic care.Both Qwen-14B-Chat and ChatGLM2 demonstrated excellent performance in case analysis.The overall performance of ERNIE Bot was slightly inferior.All things considered,Qwen-14B-Chat was superior to the other three models in con-sultations about PCa-related perioperative nursing and health education.Conclusion:In PCa-related perioperative nursing,large language models represented by Qwen-14B-Chat are expected to become powerful auxiliary tools to provide patients with more medical expertise and information support,so as to improve the patient compliance and the quality of clinical treatment and nursing.