Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia/ lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) patients with intravesical prostatic profusion (IPP).Methods A total of 322 BPH/LUTS patients who accepted combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of IPP:group Ⅰ(IPP＞10 mm),group 2 (IPP between 5 mm and 10 mm),group 3 (IPP＜5 mm),control group (without IPP).All patients were received inasteride 5 mg once per day and doxazosin 4 mg once per day for 6 months.International prostate symptom score (IPSS),prostatic specific antigen(PSA),ultrasonographic and urcdynamic evaluation were compared before and after treatment.The correlations between the above factors and IPP were estimated by Logistic regression analysis.Results After 6 month of treament,the changes of IPP degree and the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) had no significant differences in group 1,group 2 and group 3 as compared with before treatment (all P＞0.05).The IPSS in group 1 was not significantly different before and after treatment (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the PSA level,IPSS,total prostate volume (TPV),transition zone volume (TZV),residual urine volume (PVR) in the 4 groups before and after treatment (all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that PVR and Qmax had positive and negative correlations with IPP (P＜0.001 and P=0.024),respectively.Conclusions Combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin can significantly improve the symptoms of LUST and reduce the total prostate volume in patients with BPH/LUTS,but for BPH patients with IPP,the combination therapy can not effectively alleviate the degree of IPP.The increase of residual urine volume and decrease of Qmax may enhance the risk of bladder outlet obstruction in BPH patients with IPP.

protrusion measured by ultrasound for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction.Methods A literature search of medline (1966.1-2011.6),embase(1984.1-2011.6),CNKI (1994.1-2011.6) and WEIPU Data (1989.1-2011.6) from 1999 to 2009 was performed by two reviewers independently.QUADAS items was applicated to assess trial quality.Golden standard was BOOI measured by urodynamics (BOOI more than 40 indicates bladder outlet obstruction).Heterogenous studies and meta-analysis were conducted by Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results Totally 6 studies was included at last,involving 682 subjects.No threshold effect was found,but there was heterogeneity due to other factors.The meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity was 70.8 ％,specificity was 87.6 ％,positive LR was 5.132,negative LR was 0.303,the diagnostic OR was 22.18,the area under SROC curve was 0.8723 and Q index was 0.8028.Conclusions Intravesical prostatic protrusion measured by ultrasound is a good index for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia when intravesical prostatic protrusion is equal or more than 10mm.

Over the past two decades, multiple drug-resistant infections have escalated globally with the significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to the unreasonable uses of antimicrobial agents in areas such as animal husbandry, industry and medicine. As the situation of drug resistance has been progressively serious, anti-drug-resistant clinical strategies have attracted widely social concerns. This review will report the current status of antibiotic resistance and the mechanism of antibiotic-resistance all over the world. The anti-drug resistance strategies are the emphasis of our report, including the new indication of old antibiotics, the combination of existing antibiotics, the development of new antibiotics, nano-antibiotics, and non-infection treatment with immunomodulators and phage. This review aims to further understand the current situation of drug resistance, which optimizes the strategies of drug-resistant bacteria and clinical services.

Objective To study the effects of As_2O_3 on tumor model of hepatocarcinoma.Methods HepAgrafed hepatocarcinoma mouse model was established by subcutaneously injection of mouse hepatoma cells(1×10~6)into the oxter of mice.After treated by As_2O_3,the volume change of tumor and tumor inhibition rates were observed.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was detected by immunohistochemical and calculated the difference of MVD.Results The volume of tumor and the tumor inhibition rates were significantly decreased in As_2O_3 group compared with control group(P<0.05).The As_2O_3 could inhibit angiogenesis of xenograft tumor,depress expression of VEGF and decrease microvascular density(MVD).Conclusion As_2O_3 can inhibit the growth of tumor,inhibit the expression of VEGF and decrease MVD.

Objective To research the relationship between the serum level of cystatin C (CysC),N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the cardiovascular (CV) events in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,looking for a new and effective biological prediction method for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods According to the excluded criteria and included criteria,a total of 126 patients [male 67(53.2％),female 59 (46.8％)] were included in this study,screening out of 452 MHD patients from 3 blood purification centre,no secondary hyperparathyroidism,blood pressure controlled,hemoglobin standard,no lipid abnormalities,and without history of coronary heart disease,heart failure and arrhythmia.Participants adopted 3 dialysis treatment,including hemodialysis,hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration.Every 3 months before the dialysis,the Cys-C,NT-proBNP,serum phosphorus,serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),hemoglobin and electrocardiogram were detected.The heartbeat ultrasound was examined every 6 months,observed for 24 months and followed up for 3 years,recording the incidence and the inspection results.The correlation and the occurrence of CVD were analyzed by conducting a multiple factor logistic regression analysis.The forecast performance of Cys-C,NT-proBNP was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curves (AUC).Results Eighteen episodes of CV events occurred in 126 patients during the experiment and follow-up,including 8 episodes of heart failure,4 episodes of myocardial infarction,6 episodes of arrhythmia.Detection indexes had no statistically significant correlation (P ＞ 0.05),and the results of ECG and ultrasound heartbeat graph showed that no significant difference in cardiac structure and function before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After 24 months duration,the research showed that the level of serum calcemia was lower,and the levels of phosphorus and iPTH were higher in hemodialysis group compared with that in the other 2 groups,and the differences had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The median levels of Cys-C and NT-proBNP were 8.59 (9.74,7.10) mg/L and 7 739 (9 887,6 736) ng/L in the patients CV events occurred.Non conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the increasing interdialytic weight,Cys-C,NT-proBNP,iPTH,dialysis hypotension were the independent risk factors of CV occurrence.AUCs to predict CVD occurrence in MHD patients was 0.64 (95％CI 0.53-0.71,P ＜ 0.05) and 0.79 (95％CI 0.72-0.89,P＜ 0.01) using Cys-C and NT-proBNP respectively.The cut-off values of serum Cys-C and NT-proBNP for CVD occurrence were 8.59 mg/L and 7 739 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 84.3％ and a specificity of 92.7％.Conclusions Cys-C,NT-proBNP can be used to predict the risk of CV events in dialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the error monitoring function damages on the patients with schizo?phrenia ( SCH) . Methods A total of 32 patients with schizophrenia were compared with matched 34 health con?trols ( HC) on the error monitoring tasks which were compiled by E?Prime. Results The comparison between SCH group ((713.22±174.52)ms,( 491.14±170.29) ms,( 1060.31±130.84) ms,(8.28±12.55)time,( 8.00± 7.53)time respectively) and HC group ((560.73±156.94) ms,(395.62±188.03) ms,(989.85±104.33) ms, (2.97±4.13) times,(3.12±6.50) times) on the reaction time of choice,assessment,incongruent condition,the numbers of uncertain and the numbers of dropout were significant ( t=-3.737, P=0.000;t=-2.159, P=0.035;t=-2.426, P=0.018;t=-2.282, P=0.022;t=-2.824, P=0.006) . The SCH group and HC group did not signifi?cantly difference in Full Correct((124.72±23.74)/(131.74±21.96)times),Full Error((15.69±17.64)/(13.35± 18.63)times),Part Correct((6.83±10.40)/(4.21±7.03)times),Part Error((2.91±10.91)/(0.62±1.10)times) and Accuracy((0.831±0.161)/(0.874±0.159))(P>0.05).There was no significantly correlation among the course of disease,HAMA,HAMD and the error monitoring. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the error monitoring function damages on the patient with SCH may be involved in the dysfunction of anterior cingulate cortex.

Objective:To investigate the effects of epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) and treadmill training on the locomotion function and ultrastructure of spinal cord anterior horn after moderate spinal cord injury in rats. (IT, n=3). All rats received a moderate spinal cord injury surgery. Four weeks after surgery, rats in SE group received an electrode implantation procedure, with the electrode field covering spinal cord segments L2-S1. Four weeks after electrode implantation, rats received subthreshold ESCS for 30 min/d. Rats in TY group received 4cm/s treadmill training for 30min/d. Rats in SI group received no intervention, as a control group. All procedures in these three groups lasted four weeks.The open field Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used before and after intervention to evaluate rats' hindlimb motor function. Result:After four weeks intervention, rats in TT group improved their open field locomotion scores to 20. In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in groups SI and SE. The morphology of synapses and neurons were similar regardless of whether rats had undergone ESCS, treadmill training or not. Conclusion:ESCS alone was not sufficient to improve the walking ability of spinal cord injured rats. ESCS or treadmill training alone might not contribute to the changes of ultrastructure in anterior horn of spinal cord that underlie the recovery of walking ability. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of combination of ESCS and treadmill training to the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured rats.

Objective To detect the expressions of Lingo-1 and myelin associated protein in the white matter and hippocampus of ovariectomized rats after short-term estrogen replacement therapy in order to explore the possible mechanisms for the effects of estrogen on the brain myelin sheaths and cognitive function.Methods 24 middleaged (9-12 months) female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and randomly divided into vehicle replacement (OVX+Veh) group and estrogen replacement (OVX+E) group.After one month ERT,The spatial learning and memory ability of all rats were assessed with Morris water maze.Then,10 rats were randomly selected from each group.The ultrastucture of myelin sheaths in the cerebral white matter and hippocampus were observed,and the protein expression of MBP and Lingo-1 were investigated with Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.Results The escape latencies of OVX+E rats in navigation test were significantly shorter than that of OVX+Veh rats(P＜0.05).The myelin sheaths in the white matter and hippocampus of OVX+Veh rats showed obviously degeneration.In the OVX+E group,the expression of MBP in the white matter and hippocampus was significantly higher than that of OVX+Veh group(P＜0.05),however,the expression of Lingo-1 was significantly lower than that of OVX +Veh group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions One-month ERT has significant beneficial effects on the spatial learning capacity and myelin sheaths in the white matter and hippocampus.The protective effects may be related to estrogen-induced downregulation of the Lingo-1 expression in the white matter and hippocampus of rats.

Objective To study the relationship between metabolic syndromes and uric acid calculi.Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 640 adult patients,who were diagnosed as renal calculi and finished the stone composition analysis.Among them,394 cases were male and 246 were female.The averagc age was (50.9 ± 12.8) years old.According to the diagnostic criteria of the MS,the patients were divided as metabolic syndrome group (metabolic syndrome group /MS group and non-metabolic syndrome group (non MS group);the MS group had a total of 238 cases including 151 males and 87 females.The average age was (54.1 ± 11.0) years old.There were 402 cases in non MS group,including 243 males and 159 females,with an average age of (49.1 ± 13.4) years old.We obtained corresponding metabolic indices.By comparing the differences between each group,the statistic were analyzed with SPSS.Results In the MS group,42 cases was diagnosed with uric acid stones,and the nonMS group with 8 cases diagnose with uric acid stones.The MS included obesity,elevated blood pressure,elevated fasting plasma glucose,high serum triglycerides.In the patients obtained,123 had the 4 kinds of metabolic diseases at a time,and 23 (18.7％) cases were diagnosed as uric acid stones.115 patients had the 3 kinds of metabolic diseases in which 19 (16.5％) cases were uric acid stones.190 patients had 2 kinds of metabolic diseases and 5(2.6％) cases were uric acid stones.137 patients had only one kinds of metabolic disease in which 3 were uric acid stones.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,after the correction of gender and age,obesity patients own the OR as 1.10(0.98-1.24)(P =0.018),high blood sugar had the OR as 1.72(1.19-1.92) (P =0.006),high glycerin three fat had the OR as 0.71(0.48-1.09) (P =0.032) and high HDL-C was 0.15(0.03-0.65) (P =0.01).Conclusions The metabolic syndromes including obesity,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia obviously might influenced the formation of uric acid calculi.

Objective: To study the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field with fixed parameters on human liver cancer cells (SK-HEP-1) at different aspects. Methods: SK-HEP-1 cells were exposed to 50Hz, 20mT magnetic field during the whole culture process, and then proliferation activity, growth kinetics, metabolic profile and cell cycle were analyzed. Results: 50Hz, 20mT magnetic field inhibits the growth and metabolism of SK-HEP-1 cells, and hampers their mitotic division. Conclusion: 50Hz, 20mT magnetic field could be a potential therapy in the treatment of human malignant tumors.