Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative pravastatin preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-repedusion(I／R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ orⅢpatients of both sexes aged 18-64 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=15 each)：control group(group C)and 3 pravastatin groups receiving oral pravastatin 10，20 and 40 mg respectively every night for 7 days before operation(group P1-3).The number of patients receiving dopamine(≥5 μg·kg-1·min-1)and adrenaline was recorded from the termination of CPB to the end of operation，from the end of operation to 12 h after operation，during 12-24 h after operation and during 24-48 h after operation.Venous blood samples were taken from central venous line for measurement of plasme cTnI and CK-MB concentrations at 7 days before operation，before induction of anesthesia，at opening of the aorta and at 2，24 and 48 h after opening of aorta.Results The number of patients receiving dopamine and adrenaline was significantly less in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Plasma CK-MB and cTnI concentrations were significantly lower in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Preconditioning with oral pravastatin(40mg／d for 7 consecutive days)can protect myocardium against I／R injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

BackgroundThe morphological examination of macular disease is very important information for the early diagnosis.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a gold criteria in the diagnosis of macular diseases,but its clinical application is limited in the eyes with refractive medium opacity.The resolution ratio of conventional B-scan sonography is unsatisfactory.20 MHz B-scan sonography may be a new approach to maculopathy.ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the clinical value of 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound by comparing morphological changes of different maculopathies observed by 20 MHz ultrasound and spectral-domain OCT.MethodsA prospective study was designed.51 eyes of 51 patients with macular diseases who were determined by Tianjin Medical University Eye Center were enrolled in this study.Spectral-domain OCT was used to image the macular area,and then the 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound was used to examine the same eye to assess the value of 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound diagnosis.The macular diseases were typed according to the OCT manifestation.The characteristics of 20 MHz ultrasound for the same maculopathy were analyzed.All the patients subscribe the informed consent before the study.ResultsIn 10 eyes with macular hole determined by spectral-domain OCT,shallow dome-shaped lesion with central hollow was exhibited on the ultrasound image.The macular edema,retinal neuroepithelium layer detachment and retinoschisis were found in 16 eyes,6 eyes and 4 eyes by spectral-domain OCT,but the 20 M Hz B-Scan ultrasound presented with the focal belt-shaped elevation with non-echo zone below.In contrast,in 15 eyes of retinal pigment epithelium detachment in OCT,spectral-domain OCT showed stronger and thicker belt-shaped echo.Conclusions20 MHz B-scan ultrasound has certain value in the diagnosis and differentiation for several common maculopathies.Although it is not accurate as OCT in recognizing diseases,it could play an important role in refractive media opacity eye.

Aim To the investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in Alzheimer's disease ( AD)-like neurotoxicity model induced by okadaic acid ( OKA) in the cellular level , and explore the mecha-nism preliminarily. Methods The PC12 cells model, simulate neurons, induced by OKA was given Rg1 (1, 5,10 μmol·L-1), and melatonin (Melat) 10 μmol· L-1 was given as a positive control. MTT and LDH were carried out to assess the cell viability and mortality. To detect the accumulation of ROS, the DCFH-DA fluores-cent probe was conducted. And to assess the change of the activity of a variety of antioxidant enzymes, various kits were used, including ABTS、CAT、SOD、GSH-Px and GSSG/GSH. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate of PC12 cell in OKA group re-duces significantly, the mortality rate was increased sig-nificantly , the number of early apoptotic cells was in-creased significantly (P<0. 01). Oxidative stress-relat-ed indicators show that ROS accumulation within the cells of OKA group increases significantly ( P<0. 01 ) , and the total antioxidant capacity ( ABTS ) decreases significantly ( P < 0. 01 ) , the activity of peroxidase (Catalase, CAT) (P <0. 01), glutathione peroxidase (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) and superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD) decreased signifi-cantly ( P <0. 05 ) , the rate of GSSG/GSH increased significantly ( P <0. 01 ) . Compared with the model group, the different doses of Rg1 could improve the sur-vival rate and decrease the mortality rate of PC12 cell significantly in the group of OKA, and could decrease the level of the accumulation of ROS, improve the activ-ity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can decrease PC12 cell apoptosis by exerting an-tioxidant effects, and protect the nerve cells in AD-like pathology model induced by OKA.

Objective To investigate the amounts of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in peripheral blood of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods Forty patients with PDR(PDR group),thirty patmnts with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)without DR(DM group),and twenty agematched normal subjects(control group)were enrolled in this study.Blood samples were treated bv repeated centrifugation and stained with monoclonal antibodies.At least 2 × 105 cells were analyzed bv flow cytometry.EPCs were identified by CD34 and CD133 antibody.The correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration,glycosylated hemoglobin,serum lipids was analyzed.Results The number of EPCs in PDR,DM and control group were(49±12)、(35±11)、(90±25)cells/ml respectively,the difference was statistically significant(F=56.260,P=0.000).There was a positive correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration(r=0.564,P＜0.05).However there was no correlation between EPCs numbers and glycosylated hemoglobin(r=-0.170,P>0.05)or triglyceride levels(r=0.261,P>0.05).Conclusions The number of EPCs in peripheral blood of PDR patients was decreased. EPCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.

Objective To investigate the influence of menstrucal cycle and anatomic site on the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in normal breast. Methods Prospectively enrolled 96 volunteers, who have identified with normal menstrucal phase and without breast diseases were found via the breast examination, ultrasound and MRI scan. The cases were divided into three groups according to menstrucal phase: menstrual period group(menstrual cramps 1 to 6 d), proliferative phase group(menstrual cramps 7 to 14 d) and secretory phase group(menstrual cramps 15 d to the next), and each group consisted of 32 subjects. All subjects were performed bilateral breast cross-sectional T1WI, T2WI, DWI and DTI scaning. On the nipple level figture, the mammary gland was divided into three regions including the anterior, central and posterior parts, and the FA values of the different phases and regions were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to analyse the difference of FA values in different menstrual phase and anatomic site. Results The FA values of the anterior region in menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretary phase were 0.21 ± 0.07, 0.24 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.07, and the difference had significant difference(P=0.014).The FA values of the central region were respectively 0.15±0.08, 0.18±0.09 and 0.15±0.07, and without the statistically significant difference(P=0.090). The FA values of the posterior region were 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.24 ± 0.13 and 0.16 ± 0.11, and also showed significant difference(P=0.002). In different regions, the difference of FA values between menstrual phases and proliferative phases were also had statistically significant(P=0.018, 0.045, respectively). In the same region, the FA value was lowest in the secretary phase, and the proliferative phase was slightly higher than menstrual phase. Conclusion The FA values are affected by menstrual cycle and anatomic site.

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders of Cangzhou city, Hebei province, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2007 to 2009, dynamic monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in low iodized salt coverage places Hejian city and Xian county. Nine towns were randomly chosen in each county, 4 administrative villages were randomly selected in each town, 8 household salts were tested in each village. Every year, 1 - 3 copies of residents water samples were collected for determination of iodine; more than 100 students age 8 - 10 years old were checked the situation of goiter and urinary iodine, more than 40 students selected were measured iodine content of salt from their home; more than 50 women of childbearing age 18 - 40 years were tested of urinary iodine. Thyroid was examined with palpation; water iodine and urine iodine concentration were measured with arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results From 2007 to 2009,median household salt iodine were 4.3,15.9,3.6,18.4,4.6,11.7 mg/kg in Hejian city and Xian county, respectively,iodized salt accounted for 34.03% (98/288), 78.82% (227/288), 29.86% (86/288), 84.72% (244/288), 37.15%(107/288),49.31% (142/288), respectively, the consuming rate of iodized salt were 27.08% (78/288),36.46%( 105/288 ), 28.13% (81/288 ), 49.31% ( 142/288 ), 37.15 % ( 107/288 ), 30.90% ( 89/288 ), respectively. Ten samples of drinking water were tested, water iodine were 5.5 - 34.4 μg/L. From 2007 to 2009, the goiter rate of students aged 8 - 10 years old was below 5%, the median of urinary iodine were 138.1,176.6,112.0 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 31.6% ( 65/206 ), 25.0% ( 52/208 ) and 44.4% (91/205 ). The median of urinary iodine of child-bearing age women were 167.3,164.2,78.1 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 28.7%(29/101 ), 19.2%(20/104) and 60.0%(60/100).Conclusions In areas with low coverage of iodized salt, iodine nutrition level are affected, the child-bearing age

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effects of polydatin on renal fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. METH-ODS:50 rats was were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,positive group(benazepril,5 mg/kg)and poly-datin high-dose and low-dose groups(100,50 mg/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group,renal fibrosis model was induced by unilateral ureter obstruction. After modeling,administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastri-cally,and sham operation group and model group were given 0.5%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution once a day for consec-utive 4 weeks. The pathological change of renal tissue was scored. 24 h urinary protein and serum levels of urea nitrogen and creati-nine were determined,and the content of hydroxyproline,mRAN expression of TGF-β1 and FN were detected in renal tissue. RE-SULTS:Compared with sham operation group,pathological score,24 h urinary protein,serum levels of urea nitrogen and creati-nine,the content of hydroxyproline in renal tissue,mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and FN were all increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group,24 h urinary protein,serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine and mRNA expression of FN in renal tissue decreased significantly in administation groups;the pathology scores,the content of hydroxyproline in renal tis-sue and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 of positive group and polydatin high-dose group were all decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Polydatin can prevent kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction,the mechanism of which may be associated with the mRNA expression down-regulation of TGF-β1 and FN in renal tissue.

Objective To summarize the imaging features of intra-pancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS)with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and improve the awareness and correct diagnosis of IPAS.Methods MDCT images of seven consecutive patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed IPAS were reviewed retrospectively.The investigated features included the location,size,shape,margin,density,and enhancement of the lesions.Results Four patients were male and three were female with a mean age of 49 years old.All the lesions were located at the dorsal side of parenchyma under the capsule of pancreatic tail.Three lesions were in round-like shape,and 4 in oval shape and all were well-defined.All the lesions were mass-like without necrosis and calcification.The maximum diameter of lesion ranged from 0.9 ～ 1.8 cm with a mean value of 1.4 cm.Compared with pancreatic parenchyma,the density of lesions were homogeneous on unenhanced CT,in arterial phase,slightly increased heterogeneous density was observed in 3 patients,slightly increased homogeneous density was observed in 4 patients.All the lesions appeared as slightly increased homogeneous density in portal phase.The CT value in unenhanced phase ranged from 50 ～ 61 Hu with a mean number of 55 Hu; and it ranged from 80 ～ 110 Hu with a mean number of 97 Hu in arterial phase; and the corresponding value was from 99 ～ 120 Hu with a mean number of 102 Hu in portal phase.Among the three patients underwent MDCT angiography,neither artery nor vein was compressed or invaded,and there was no vessel connected with lesions.Conclusions IPAS has some MDCT characteristics.For small solid mass in pancreatic tail,if the density and enhancement pattern is similar to that of spleen,the diagnosis of IPAS should be considered.

Objective To discuss the ultrastructural pathological characteristics and dynamic changes of brain vessel after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and the mechanism of these changes in delayed cerebral vasospasm.Methods SAH model was made by infusing blood twice into the cistern magna of Japanese rabbits.The animals were divided randomly into SAH group,saline group,puncture group and blank group,at 1 h,3 d,5 d,7 d and 10 d after the first infusion the animals were perfused and basilar artery was harvested.Ultrastructural changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results Under the light microscope,the vessel wall became thick,the vessel cavity became narrow,the endothelia cells became swollen,vacuoles could be found in the chromatin,inner elastic membrane became reductus and broke.Under the electron microscope,the close connection between the endothelial cells disappeared,the membrane of the cells fell off,and the mitochondria became swollen,vacuoles could be seen,the chromatin became concentrated,heterochromatin could be seen,smooth muscle became deformed,chromatin became uneven, myofilament had derangement and fragmentation and dissolved,vacuolus could be seen in the kytoplasm,mitochondrion became swollen.The structural change of basilar artery under the light microscope got similar to that under the electron microscope;slight change was observed right after 1 h of SAH,significant change was observed at 3 d,and most obvious change was observed between 5 d and 7 d.Conclusion Ultrastructural changes were observed in the basilar artery after SAH,and significant dynamic changes were observed in the progress.The damage of endothelia cells may be the important factors which cause delayed cerebral vasospasm.