As an important part of Chinese medicinal materials, uncommon-territorial herbs are also the most complex parts in the herbal medicine markets. Through years of investigation on the key markets of Chinese herbal medicine, the meaning of uncommon-territorial herbs, their historical evolution, origin and characteristics were clarified in this paper, and some countermeasures were put forward for its development.
Biological Evolution ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the rehabilitation effects ergometry on COPD patients.

METHODSThirty COPD out-patients in our Hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups. Rehabilitation group, 15 patients, performed leg ergometry exercise of 80% peak Watt x 30min/d x 3d/w x 12w. Another 15 patients were control group without exercise. All patients received conventional therapy. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), Borg and CAT sores were done at both baseline and 12 w.

RESULTSThere was no statistically difference in lung function testing, blood gas analysis and cardiopulmonary exercise test when pre- exercises between 2 sub-groups. The IC, peak VO2 and peak, W of rehabilitation group significantly increased (P < 0.05); and Borg and CAT.scores significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline; and other PFT and ABG did not change (P > 0.05). While there was no difference in control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLeg submaximal ergometry rehabilitation improves health condition and ameliorate dyspnea symptoms in COPD patients.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Dyspnea ; therapy ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy ; Respiratory Function Tests

Objective To evaluate the safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine(PVRV)after exposure in China by Meta-analysis.Methods With rabies,vaccine and safety as key words,a systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),supplemented by manual retrieval.A Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the incidence of adverse events of two immunization regimens Zagreb and Essen using Review Manager 5.4 software after literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 12 studies were included,of which 7 were prospective studies and 5 were retrospective studies.Most included in the studies showed a low risk of bias.The incidence of adverse events in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen[relative risk(RR)= 1.01,95% CI = 0.90 ～ 1.14;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 81%,65% and 92%,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion Two regimens of PVRV vaccination after exposure showed good safety.However,when adopting Zagreb regimen,attention should be paid to the physical conditions of children and the elderly with relatively poor immunity to avoid adverse events.

Climate in China has fluctuated greatly for last two thousand years. Also, the temperate-subtropical transition zone, as well as the distribution boundaries of subtropical biology and growth of suitable areas appear north-south lapse. In historical period, significant climate change will also be bound to the changes of the medicinal organism distribution suitable areas. The past dynasties herbal herbs have documented origin in detail, especially genuine medicinal materials producing areas. In this paper, Alisma orientale and Citrus aurtantium as examples, were used to elaborate the impact of climate change fluctuations on genuine producing area by evolution and change of genuine producing areas. The results showed that medicinal species were more sensitive to climate change such as A. orientale and C. aurtantium, its main producing areas or genuine producing area from north to south shifted in the Ming and Qing dynasties, consistent with the characteristics of climate change in China in last two thousand years. Factors prompted producing areas southward are not only low temperature and cold damage, and temperature and humidity have often synergistic effect. The human activities are more likely to exacerbate the impact.
Alisma ; growth & development ; Citrus ; growth & development ; Climate Change ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the immunogenetic features of human leukocyte antigen DRB1, DQB1 locus and children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming and its association with digestive diseases and H. pylori to better understand the immunogenetic features of the H. pylori infection.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to study the HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allelic frequency distribution on 35 children with H. pylori infection and 37 healthy controls in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

RESULTSAllelic frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 in the H. pylori infection group were lower than those of the healthy control group (7.14% vs. 31.08%, chi(2) = 13.16, Pc < 0.012; 5.71% vs. 25.68%, chi(2) = 10.68, Pc = 0.007) but the rest alleles' frequencies did not show significant differences.

CONCLUSIONThese result suggested that HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 might protect the H. pylori infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; immunology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

A new method for the preparation of oligonucleotide microarray for gene expression detection was found. The key techniques and standards of quality controlling for preparation of oligonucleotide microarray was explored using gene of human 23 kD highly protein and Luciferase and mouse cytokine-associated genes. By the using of a software system MProbe, oligonucleotide probes were designed and BLAST. All the probes have a very high specificity, i.e. except target sequence, the similarity between the probe and non-target sequences is less than 70% and the hairpin structure are not exist in all probes. All the probes have the same length 40. GC contents in all probes are in a narrow scope (from 45% to 55%). All the probes are modified with amino at 5' or 3' terminal. The satisfied images with good sensitivity and very high specificity were obtained by the using of the methods above and also using of positive and negative controls and some internal controls(house keeping gene) to quantitate and balance expression of genes. High specificity, good sensitivity and stability have been verified by three continuous experiments using the oligonucleotide microarray to study gene expression profile of normal mouse breast grand tissue. The oligonucleotide microarray for expression detection prepared using our method have high specificity, good sensitivity and stability et al. It may be a more advanced method for analysis of gene expression profile.
Animals ; Cytokines ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factor ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study if there is any association between frequency of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes and susceptibility or resistance to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children of Yi ethnic group in Kunming for understanding the immunogenetic features of the digestive diseases associated with Hp infection.

METHODSPeripherial blood samples were collected from 156 children of Yi ethnic group in a primary school in Kunming city by cluster sampling and the blood Hp-IgG tests (ELISA) were performed. The samples were divided into two groups (Hp-IgG-positive group and Hp-IgG-negative group) according to the blood Hp-IgG test results. There were 61 children in Hp-IgG-positive group and 95 children in Hp-IgG-negative group. Forty children who were chosen from each group by simple random sampling underwent (13)carbon-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT). Thirty-three children who were Hp-IgG-positive and (13)C-UBT-positive were defined as currently Hp- infected group; 39 children who were Hp-IgG-negative and (13)C-UBT-negative were defined as Hp-non-infected group. DNA specimens were extracted from the lymphocytes of their peripheral blood samples. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 DNA typing was performed by using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allelic frequency distribution among currently Hp infected and non-infected children was compared.

RESULTSHLA-DRB1 * 12 gene frequency among children in Hp non-infected group was higher than that in the currently Hp-infected group (42.31% vs. 14.52%, P < 0.001, Pc < 0.012); however, HLA-DRB1 * 11 gene frequency in the Hp-non-infected group was lower than that in the currently Hp-infected group (3.85% vs. 12.9%, P < 0.05, Pc > 0.05). HLA-DQB1 * 0301 gene frequency in the Hp non-infected group was higher than that in the currently Hp-infected group (55.13% vs. 32.26%, P < 0.007, Pc < 0.05); however, HLA-DQB1 * 04 gene frequency in the Hp non-infected group was lower than that in currently Hp infected group (2.56% vs. 11.29%, P < 0.05, Pc > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHLA-DRB1 * 12 and HLA-DQB1 * 0301 gene may be associated with protection against Hp infection in Kunming Yi ethnic group children. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify if HLA-DRB1 * 11 and HLA-DQB1 * 04 are associated with susceptible gene to Hp infection.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Helicobacter Infections ; ethnology ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

OBJECTIVEStudy the characteristics of absorption and separation of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription using macroporous resin.

METHODStudy the techniquecs and characteristics of absorption and separation of a sample by macroporous resin, which is composed of coptis root, rhubarb and common anemarrhena rhizome, containing alkaloid, anthraquinone and saponin.

RESULTIt is proved by qualitative and quantitative researches studies that after absorbed and separated by optimized technics process, most prime effective components or section fractions in traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription can be reserved maintained.

CONCLUSIONIf the techniquecs of separation is properly designed, the same kind of macropore resin can absorbd and separate various effective components or section in traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription which have with different chemical structures efficiently.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Anthraquinones ; isolation & purification ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cyclosporine and simulect mono or combination therapy on cardiac allo-transplantation in rats. METHODS: Recipients with allografts were treated with different doses of cyclosporine and/or simulect after cardiac allo-transplantation. Graft survival time was observed; the histopathological examination of graft tissues was performed; and levels of serum IL-2 and IL-4 were determined. RESULTS: Mono or combination therapy with cyclosporine and/or simulect increased the survival of cardiac allografts. With the prolongation of survival time of the grafts, the rejection of grafts was moderated. The serum IL-2 level increased in acute rejected grafts; the serum IL-4 level increased evidently in long survival grafts. CONCLUSION Cyclosporine and simulect have an effect in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival in rats, and the combination therapy shows an evident synergistic effect.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Basiliximab ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Heart Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of allo heart and thymus transplantation by intrathymic inoculation of thymocytes. METHODS: Wistar recipients were given intrathymic injection of allo thymocytes (2 x 10(7)) 14 days before the heart and/or thymus transplantation. Graft survival, histopathology, levels and mRNA expressions of IL-2, IL-4 in serum and cardiac-grafts were investigated. RESULTS: Heart transplantation and heart-thymus composite transplantation with the treatment of CysA for 7 or 14 days prolonged graft survival. Heart transplantation and heart-thymus composite transplantation with intrathymic thymocytes injection induced the long-term survival of allo-grafts transiently immunosuppressed with CysA; IL-4 maintained at high levels but IL-2 kept at low levels in grafts in long-term survivals. CONCLUSION Intrathymic inoculation of allo thymoctyes can induce immune tolerance for both cardiac transplantation and heart-thymus combined transplantation in rats. Thymus graft may play a role in the induction and maintenance of central tolerance.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Graft Survival ; Heart Transplantation ; Immune Tolerance ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; transplantation