Phased national medical licensing examination requires clinical students to have the ability to apply basic medical knowledge to solve comprehensive clinical problems. But the traditional teaching patterns of Medical Microbiology experiments can no longer meet requirements of actual education effect. In order to accommodate new situation, we have integrated medical licensing examination with microbiology experimental teaching syllabus and contents. We have also comprehensively applied a variety of teaching methods and curriculum formative assessment in class. These reforming methods have efficiently improved classroom teaching effect and greatly inspired the enthusiasm of students, and effectively improved early clinical thinking ability and innovation ability of students.

Feeding adult male rats with gossypol acetic acid at a dose of 15 nig/kg/day for 50 days led to infertility. Spermatogenesis and sperm motility were impaired ( table 1 ) . However, testosterone, K+ and Na+ concentsrations in serum and RTF were found to be unchanged (table 2, 3 ) . It suggests that at low antifertility doses gossypol disrupts spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium without affecting testosterone, K+ and Na+ secretion and translation in testis.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology

To investigate the relationship between the growth situation of the cells and the expression level of thymosin beta4, the specific primer of thymosin beta4 was selected to test the expression of thymosin-beta gene in murine bone marrow endothelial cells in different proliferation states and in HL-60 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression level of thymosin beta4 in the murine bone marrow endothelial cells with active proliferation was high, otherwise it was low. The thymosin beta4 gene expression level was higher in HL-60 cells than that in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It was suggested that the expression level of thymosin beta4 mRNA is closely related to cell growth.

OBJECTIVETo explore material bases and neurobiological mechanisms of "Shen storing will" by observing learning and memory capacities and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor expressions in Shen deficiency constitution (SDC) rats.

METHODSTotally 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Zuogui Pill (ZP) group, the Yougui Pill (YP) group, the blank control group (consisting of normal pregnant rats), 10 in each group. SDC young rat model (inherent deficiency and postnatal malnutrition) was prepared by the classic way of "cat scaring rat". Medication started when they were scared by cat. Rats in the ZP group and the YP group were administered by gastrogavage with ZP suspension 0.1875 g/mL and YP suspension 0.0938 g/mL respectively. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group by gastrogavage. All medication was given once per day, 5 days in a week for 2 consecutive months. Learning and memory capacities were detected by Morris water maze test. Expressions of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B in hippocamus were detected by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the latency period, total distance in Morris water maze test were longer in the model group (P < 0.05). All the aforesaid indices all decreased in the ZP group and the YP group, with statistical difference when compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The protein expressions of NR2A and NR2B in hippocamus were lower in the model group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). But when compared with the model group, they were obviously higher in the ZP group and the YP group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSDC rats had degenerated learning and memory capacities and lowered NMDA receptor expressions. ZP and YP could up-regulate learning and memory capacities and NMDA receptor expressions, thereby improving deterioration of brain functions in SDC rats.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; biosynthesis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

As a newly developing technology of adaptive optics (AO), the combination of AO technology with traditional fundus imaging devices, such as fundus camera, scanning laser ophthalmoscope as well as optical coherence tomography, can image photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, retinal ganglion cells, and retinal vascular system. Currently, AO technology is applied in the diagnosis, monitor and management of retinal diseases, enabling the observation of early changes of photoreceptor cells and analyzing vascular parameters in inherited retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, inflammatory retinal diseases and central serous chorioretinopathy. Major breakthrough brought by AO technology along with rapid progress driven by ophthalmic imaging devices can help clarify the pathogenesis of eye diseases. and offer a comprehensive understanding of the new perspectives provided by AO technology for fundus imaging. Of course, limitation of popularizing application of AO device exists due to small scan range and optic media opacity. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of AO technology provides a new horizon for retina imaging. A comprehensive understanding of AO technology provides updated vision for fundus imaging, and is expected to promote the clinical application of AO technology in ophthalmology, and to enable cellular-resolution imaging of the living human retina.

PEG-modified magnetic Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were sythesized using a solvothermal reaction and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photothermal effect and photothermal destruction of cancer cells were evaluated. Then the doxorubicin loaded Fe3O4-PEG (DOX-Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were prepared. The cytotoxicity and combined chemotherapy/photothermal therapy (PTT) effect were investigated. Uniform PEG coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with particle size of 155 nm were obtained in the experiment. The loading and release of doxorubicin on Fe3O4-PEG were pH-dependent. The drug loading capacity in water was 21%. The results of MTT indicated a good biocompatiblity of Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles and high cytotoxicity of DOX-Fe3O4-PEG. In combined therapy experiment, photothermal therapy demonstrated unambiguously enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. In conclusion, the obtained Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles which exhibit good photothermal effect and drug loading capacity can be used for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. The synergetic anti-tumor activity indicates the potential for the combined application of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; MCF-7 Cells ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the application value of X-ray,echocardiogram,pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy,EBCT,Magnetic resonance Pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of PTE.Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients clinically diagnosed of having PTE were examined from july 2003 through March 2004. Patients underwent X-ray chest plain film, echoeardiogram, electronic beam computed tomographie (EBCT)angiography,ventilation-perfusion (V-P)seintigraphy,Magnetic resonance Pulmonary angiography (MRPA)and puhnonary angiography according to a strict diagnostic protocol.Two of the independent readers reviewed the pulmonary angiography and record all of the lobe and segmental involved in PTE and compared with other image method.Results Pulmonary angiography:all of the patients success underwent the technique,the pulmonary artery branch with PTE was in 556 of 775 branches (71.7%). Chest radiography had hints of diagnosis in 12 of 25 patients.Nine patients diagnosed with echocardiogram. Right heart enlargement was in 21,and pulmonary hypertension in 18.V-P scintigraphy revealed 247 segmental involved with PTE of 500 (52.0% ),and the sensitivity was 64.66% compare with the pulmonary angiography.There were 523 pulmonary branches involved PTE with EBCT pulmonary angiograpy of 775 branches,and the sensitivity was 94.06%.MRPA: 8 of 10 patients succeed in the technique, 155 branches of 248 were detected with PTE(62.5% ),the sensitivity was 81.29%.Conclusions EBCT is a high sensitivity method in diagnosis of PTE.Chest radiography and echocardiogram are the first-line modality of PTE.V-P scintigrapby is the valid compensation in diagnosis subsegmental pulmonary artery with PTE when EBCT miss diagnosis.Gd-CE-MRPA may be the second-line modality in diagnosis of PTE.

Objective To study the intra-and extra-hepatic collateral pathways in various types of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) using liver acceleration volume acquisition (LAVA) enhanced MRI.Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of 240 patients with BCS were collected and analyzed.The types of BCS confirmed by DSA.Intra-and extra-hepatic collateral pathways were studied using LAVA enhanced MRI with a 3.0T scanner.Correlations of the intra-/extra-hepatic collateral pathways with the types of BCS were analyzed using the Chi-square test.Then,the degrees of correlation were calculated by the Cramet correction coefficient of contingency.Results Among the 240 patients,DSA confirmed 60 patients to have hepatic vein occlusion,39 patients to have inferior vena cava occlusion and 141 patients to have both hepatic vein and inferior vena cava occlusion.MRI demonstrated dilated accessory hepatic veins in 157 patients,intra-hepatic communicating branches in 69 patients,inferior phrenic veins in 43 patients,superficial epigastric veins in 135 patients,umbilical veins in 94 patients and hemiazygos/azygos veins in 195 patients.Accessory hepatic veins and hemiazygos/azygos veins as collateral pathways were associated with the types of BCS (x2 =30.239,P ＜ 0.05;x2 =51.295,P ＜ 0.05,respectively).The degrees of correction were 0.355 and 0.462,respectively.Accessory hepatic veins as collateral pathways were most common in the mix type,accounting for 79.4％.Hemiazygos/azygos veins were most common in the inferior vena cava occlusion type and the mix type,accounting for 92.3％ and 91.5 ％,respectively.Conclusions Accessory hepatic veins and hemiazygos/azygos veins as collateral pathways were associated with the types of BCS,while the intra-hepatic communicating branches,inferior phrenic veins,superficial epigastric veins and umbilical veins were not correlated with the types of BCS.LAVA may help to diagnose and determine the best choice of treatment for the various types of BCS.