Objective To research the best extracting technology of simiaoyongan decoction.Methods As the total contents of chlorogenic acid and harpagoside to be evaluation indicator, adopted L9 (34 ) orthogonal design to select out the best extraction.The main determination was by HPLC method.Results Accounted by the total contents of the two composi-tions, the influential effects of the experimental results were extraction solvent >reflux times >the volume of extraction>the circumfluence time.Conclusion The best extracting technology is adding 10-fold times of 50% alcohol, percolating 1 hours, and three times.

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Pingai Mixture intervention on HIV/AIDS patients in order to clarify the characteristics of Pingai Mixture for AIDS treatment. A total of 41 HIV/AIDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Pingai Mixture was applied in the treatment. Three months was one treatment course. The treatment was given for two courses. Clinical symptoms, physical signs and changes in CD4+ lymphocytes of HIV/AIDS patients before and after treatment were observed. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the posttreatment total score (primary, secondary symptoms and the main physical sign cred-its) was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). The posttreatment spontaneous perspiration, night sweats, hair loss and other symptoms of a separate score was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P< 0.05). There were no significant changes on other symptoms or physical sign indicators. There was no significant difference in the Karnovsky score after 6-month treatment compared with pretreatment. It was concluded that Pingai Mixture is effective in AIDS treatment. It can improve the clinical symptoms and the administration is safe.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic responses to transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapy in terms of normalization of prolactin(PRL),mortality,morbidity and the cost-effectiveness of PRL normalization in order to establish an individualized therapeutic protocol for the patients with prolactinoma.Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive series of patients with prolactinoma who were followed for at least 1 year after transsphenoidal surgery or medical treatment.The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes(normalization of PRL,morbidity or mortality)were assessed.Utilizing the principle of medical economics and data from the two types of treatment,we worked out a Markov chain and calculated the lowest cost of two kinds of therapeutic protocols.Results(1)The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in microadenoma was 85%(22/26),and that of medical treatment was 95%(19/20).There was no statistical difference between the two therapies(P＞0.05).The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in macroadenoma was45%(19/42),and that of medical treatment was 5/5.There was a statistical difierence between the two therapies(P＜0.05).(2)According to the Markov model,it would cost a microprolactinoma patient 25 129.25 yuan to normalize serum PRL by surgical treatment.This is comparable to the cost of medical treatment which would be 24 943.99 yuan.Whereas for a macroprolactinoma patient surgery would cost 35 208.20 yuan and medical treatment would cost 25 344.38 yuan.Conclusions Medical therapy is superior to surgical treatment in regard to complication rate and cost-effectiveness for macro-and extra big prolactinomas.Transsphenoidal surgery remains an option for patients with microadenomas.Markov model is an effective way to predict the treatment cost for patients with hyperprolactinoma at different ages and with different canses

0.05). In RAC group, the Na +,K + ATPase activity of the left kidney decreased compared with that of the right kidney (1.96?0.42 vs 5.33?0.77, P

Folium Perillae (FP) is a traditional Chinese materia medica, which has been used for treating inflammatory diseases. In order to clarify the material basis of FP' s pharmacological activity and anti-inflammatory mechanism, we presented a review about some of the primary chemical components in FP, such as volatile oils, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids, and about the anti-inflammatory activity of FP extract and its major mechanism, such as regulating the viability and function of innate immune cells, controlling the balance of helper T cells, based on related research in recent years. This study aims to provide reference for further research and development of new drugs based on FP.

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Ping-Ai GranulesⅠin the treatment of HIV/AIDS . A total of 107 AIDS cases were divided into Ping-Ai GranulesⅠgroup and Ping-Ai GranulesⅠunited with HAART group. The results showed that there was significant difference between Ping-Ai GranulesⅠgroup and Ping-Ai GranulesⅠunited with HAART group in aspects of symptoms, physical signs, Karnovsky Score and changes of CD4+ T lymphocyte . It was concluded that Ping-Ai GranulesⅠhad the function of improving patient's symptom and increasing patient's immunity and living quality .

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.

The vein s near the cardiac area of the stomach were studies in 60 cases of Chines cadavers (26 adults, 34 children). The main results are as follows: The coronary vein (lefe gastric) may be divided into 3 types. Type Ⅰ (2 branches) was found in 55 cases (91.66%.t In 33 cases (55.00%), the gastropancreatic fold was situated on the left side of the vertebral colum, and it ended in the splenic vein in 36 cases (60.00%). The average diameter at its terminal end was 3.81 (2.0-6.0) mm. The cardioesophageal branch may be classified into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) was found most frequently in 55 cases (93.22%), and it ended in the arched portion of the coronary vein in 55 cases (87.30%). The right gastric vein (pylorus) opened into the portal vein in 49 cases (89.09%). The posterior gastric vein may be divided into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) occurred in 45 cases (90.00%). The end of this vein was located in the mid-third of the splenic vein in 41 cases (74.55%). Short gastric veins two to six branches in number, among which three or four branches were most frequently observed.

Objective:To summarize the prenatal diagnostic characteristics of monogenic global developmental delay/intellectual disability(GDD/ID) pedigrees.Methods:This study retrospectively collected the prenatal molecular diagnostic results of 43 pedigrees that were affected with monogenic GDD/ID in the genetic counseling clinic of Peking University First Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019. The results of prenatal molecular tests were validated after birth or pregnancy termination. Pregnancy outcomes and healthy condition of the offspring were followed up. All data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results:Among the 43 pedigrees, 24 were affected with autosomal recessive inheritance (AR) GDD/ID, in which six (25%) fetuses were found to carry two pathogenic variants; 13 (55%) had only one pathogenic variant; five (20%) did not harbor any variant. GDD/ID inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance (AD) pattern was found in 13 pedigrees, in which 11 fetuses carried no variants while the other two fetuses had the same variants as the proband had (in one pedigree, a low-level variant was detected in the peripheral blood sample of the father while absent in peripheral blood samples of parents in the other pedigree, so it was suspected that the variants of these two affected fetuses were inherited from parental mosaicism). In the other six pedigrees with X-linked inheritance (XL) of GDD/ID, one male fetus was found to harbor the pathogenic variant, while no variants were detected in the others. Maternal contamination was excluded in all prenatal samples using short tandem repeat for linkage analysis. Postnatal validations were consistent with the prenatal tests. All nine affected fetuses were terminated, and the other thirty-four children were delivered and in good health.Conclusions:Prenatal molecular diagnostic test is an effective method to detect pathogenic variants during the first and second trimesters for pedigrees affected by monogenic GDD/ID. For pedigrees affected with AD or XL patterns caused by de novo mutations, potential parental mosaicism should be noted and prenatal diagnostic tests are also recommended.