AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Syndrome

AlM:To investigate the effects of pirfenidone ( PFD) on the proliferation and transfomring growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) expression in vitro culture rat corneal stromal cells.METHODS: Corneal stromal cells from 8 to 10wk SD rats were isolated, cultured and treated with different concentrations of PFD 0mg/mL (control group), 0. 15mg/mL (experimental group▏), 0. 3mg/mL (experimental group‖), 1mg/mL (experimental group Ⅲ) for 48h. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation, while immunocytochemistry and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of ki-67 and TGF-β1 expression, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, PFD significantly inhibited the proliferation in a dose -dependent manner ( all P < 0. 05 ), so was protein expression of ki-67. PFD significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Pirfenidone can significantly inhibit the proliferation of rat corneal stromal cell by down regulating TGF-β1 expression, therefore, it has potential prospect in lightening the corneal wound healing reaction.

Objective To explore the effects of astrocytes in cervical spinal cord posterior horn on allodynia in rat models of migraine.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups (each group n =6): blank group,sham surgery group,new inflammatory soup 3 d group (IS 3 d group),new inflammatory soup 7 d group(IS 7 d group),saline group,fluorocitrate (FCA)prevention group,FCA prevention control group,FCA treatment group,FCA treatment control group.Following the IS stimulation in the rat dual matter,Von-Frey hair was used to monitor the pain threshold of periorbital skin.Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the expression of specific marker of astrocyte,glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP),and neuron activation marker,C-fos.Results ①Von-Frey hair study showed the thresholds of IS 3 d group and IS 7 d group were significantly decreased compared with the control group(3 d:5.3 ±0.3 vs 6.4 ±0.3,F =40.15;7 d:3.0 ±0.3 vs 6.3 ±0.2,F =382.5,both P ＜0.01).The pain thresholds of FCA prevention group and FCA treatment group both began to significantly increase at the day 4 (FCA prevention:5.5 ± 5.1 vs 5.1 ± 0.2,F =16.00 ;FCA treatment:4.3 ± 0.2 vs 3.0 ± 0.2,F =138.0,both P ＜ 0.01).②GFAP immunofluorescence showed that the mean optical density (A) values of IS 3 d group and IS 7 d group were significantly increased compared with the control group(3 d:24.5 ±4.4 vs 14.8 ± 2.5,F =32.54;7 d:38.9 ± 7.1 vs 14.6 ± 1.8,F =63.56,both P ＜ 0.01).()C-fosimmunofluorescence showed that mean A value of IS 3 d group was significantly increased compared with the control group (20.4 ± 2.3 vs 8.4 ± 1.1,F =129.0,P ＜ 0.01).The difference was not significant between the IS 7 d group and the control group.Conclusions Activated astrocytes contribute to the facial allodynia induced by chronic dural inflammation.Its inhibitor FCA could both prevent and treat the allodynia behaviour.All of these suggest that astrocytes may not only contribute to the initiation of mechanical allodynia but also the maintenance.

Objective : To investigate the willingness to receive HIV testing in primary health service institutions (PHSIs) among young students in Wuhan City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the detection of HIV testing among young students. Methods: Fifteen PHSIs were sampled using a stratified random sampling method in 14 districts of Wuhan City, and school students at ages of 15 to 24 years were sampled from each district using a convenience sampling method. Participants' demographics, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, HIV testing and willingness to receive HIV testing were collected using questionnaires, and factors affecting the willingness to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were identified among school students using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 301 questionnaires were allocated, and 299 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.34%. The respondents included 143 men (47.83%) and 156 women (52.17%), and had a mean age of (19.36±2.40) years; there were 223 respondents with an educational level of diploma and above (74.58%). The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 71.57% among the respondents, and 144 respondents had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (48.16%). There were 34 respondents that had received HIV testing (11.37%) and 203 respondents that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs (67.89%). The respondents that were unwilling to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were mainly attributed to considering to be unlikely to get HIV infections (82.29%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that school students who knew AIDS-related knowledge (OR=2.797, 95%CI: 1.583-4.941), knew free HIV counseling and testing services in PHSIs (OR=2.070, 95%CI: 1.123-3.814), and had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (OR=2.814, 95%CI: 1.573-5.032) were more willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs. Conclusions There were 67.89% of school students that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs in Wuhan City, and the willingness to receive HIV testing was correlated with the awareness of risk of HIV infections, and awareness and experience of AIDS control services in PHSIs.

Objective Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with acoustic neuroma.Methods The clinical data of 467 cases with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were collected between Jan,2008 and Aug,2012.Discussed the clinical data which were diagnosed as acoustic neuroma.Results In 467 cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss,nine cases were diagnosed as acoustic neuromas(9 ears,1.93％),two males and seven females,with a age range of 28 to 57 years.Among them,seven cases accompanied with tinnitus,seven cases with vertigo.The hearing results in nine cases,two cases were found to be mild,two were moderate,four were severe,and one was profound hearling loss respectively.Hearing was classified into five types according to audiogram shape (1 of up-sloping,1 of down-sloping,2 of mid-frequency,1 of profound loss,4 of flat audiogram).Eight cases had abnormal ABR,nine cases with ear ipsilateral stapedius reflex were completely not elicited,seven cases with health ear contralateral stapedius reflex were completely not elicited.Tumors were graded by Koos Grades according to size (7 of grade Ⅰ,1 of grade Ⅱ,1 of grade Ⅳ).Seven small acoustic neuroma was taken waiting strategies.Meanwhile,we use glucocorticoid and improve the microcirculation of the inner ear medication short-termly for these patients.Four patientshearing were improved.Conclusious The initial symptoms of some acoustic neuroma are sudden hearing loss,especially the small tumors in internal auditory canal.In order to prevent misdiagnosis,MRI and ABR should be performed as a routine test for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.It is necessary to give appropriate treatment to protecting hearing for the small acoustic neuroma patients whose first symptoms are diagnosed as sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antagonistic effects of three species of oral Streptococcus on the growth of oral Saccharomyces albicans in vitro.

METHODSDirect inoculation method, reverse inoculation method and mixed culture methods were respectively chosen to observe the changes of Saccharomyces albicans colony formation on the effects of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius.

RESULTS1) No clear inhibition zone was observed in each of the groups by direct inoculation method. 2) Compared with the control groups, Saccharomyces albicans colony formation on soft agar of Streptococcus sanguis decreased significantly (P < 0.05). 3) Mixed culture method results showed that Streptococcus mutans could inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces albicans significantly at different time points (P = 0.001). 4) Under the action of bacteria culture supernatant, the count of Saccharomyces albicans in experiment groups showed statistical significance when compared with the control groups at 24, 48, 72 h (P = 0.001); The differences among the experimental groups were of no statistical significance at majority times (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONStreptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius could obviously inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces albicans in vitro. However, it is still unclear that among which the inhibition effects is stronger. The antagonistic effects is weakened gradually.

In Vitro Techniques ; Saccharomyces ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in flower bud of Artemisia scoparia.

METHODThe methanol extract was isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20 as packing materials and HPLC, six compounds were obtained and their structures were identified by UV, NMR and MS.

RESULTSix compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol (IX), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (X), 6-demethylcapillarisin (XI), capillartemisin B (XII), kumatakenin (XIII), isoscoploletin-beta-D-glucoside (XIV).

CONCLUSIONXI, XII, XIII and XIV were obtained from the plant for the first time, and XI is a new compound.

Artemisia ; chemistry ; Chromones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD)among perinatal infants in Hangzhou City and to explore risk factors of congenital heart disease in order to provide suggestions for CHD's prevention.Methods A hospital -based case -control study was carried out.Cases and controls were interviewed.By means of univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis,risk factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of CHD from 2009 to 2013 was 62.73 per 10,000.Of 176 perinatal infants with CHD,109 were single deformity and 67 were composite deformities of heart.The logistic regression analysis showed that maternal contact with harmful drugs during early pregnancy (OR =3.350,95%CI =1.024 -13.992),maternal respiratory infection during early pregnancy (OR =4.235,95%CI =1.275-18.735),abnormal childbearing history (OR =3.679,95%CI =1.102 -14.113),maternal smoking (OR =4.229, 95%CI =1.167 -15.782)and elderly parturient women (OR =2.974,95%CI =1.213 -16.372)were the risk factors of CHD.And maternal folic acid supplementation (OR =0.275,95% CI =0.079 -0.982 )was the protective factor. Conclusion It's of great importance to avoid risk factors and supply folic acid properly during pregnancy to prevent CHD.

Objective To explore the normal range of the insula volume of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40 ), C ( age range = 41 to 50 ), D ( age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.After three dimension data reconstruction, the volumes of bilateral insula were manually measured.The volume of bilateral insula were compared by paired sample t test.The insula volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test, and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANNOVA.The relationship between the volumes of insula and age,sex or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation, respectively.Results The left snd right side volume of insula before standarized were (7764±1165) and (7387±1128) mm3 respectively, after standarized were (8413±1201 ) and (7871±1140) mm3 respectively.The left insula volume were significant larger than that of right(t = - 10.565, - 16.014,P <0.01 ).The left and fight volume of insula were (8146±1181 ) and (7735±1113) mm3 for male, and (7393±1022) mm3 and (7050±1038) mm3for female.The left and right insula volumes for male were larger than the female's(t = 10.934,9.945 ,P <0.01 ).The left and right insula volume of male after standarized were (8779±1230 ) and (8224±1081 )mm3, female were (8043±1054) and (7515±1091 ) mm3 ,the left and right insula volume of male were larger than the female's ( t = 4.858,4.632, P < 0.01 ).The left insula volumes among Group A, B, C, D,E before standarized were ( 8268±1221 ), ( 8067±1107 ), ( 7869±1109), ( 7603±1111 ), ( 6997±934 )mm3 respectively,the right were (8028±1156), (7636±1075), (7294±986), (7249±1068), (6717±916) mm3 respectively, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F= -0.361,-0.337,P <0.01 ).The left insula volume of A,B,C,D,E after standarized were ( 9093±1105 ), ( 8679±965 ), ( 8810±1136), ( 8202±980), ( 7273±940 )mm3, the right were ( 8694±1005), (8136±1100), (8034±910), (7496±990), (6989±932) mm3, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F = -0.490, -0.512,P < 0.01 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume and age ( before standarizded:r = -0.361, -0.337, after standardized r = -0.490, -0.512, P<0.05).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and cerebral volume ( r = 0.470,0.459, P < 0.05 ).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and weight( r = 0.141, 0.092, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions 1.5 T MR scanner has high resolution, for distinguishing the white matter from the gray matter, and provide morphological data of insula for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.

The research patterns for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescriptions of Chinese medicinal materials in recent years were summarized, and the deficiencies of the commonly used patterns were commented on. A research pattern for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescriptions of Chinese medicinal materials was raised, which is suitable for the characteristics of the Chinese medicine. The trend of the research work was predicted, which would provide some thinking for the pharmacodynamic chemical substances in compound prescription of Chinese medicinal materials.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional