Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most severe complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its incidence is as high as 30-90%. It often causes severe regional cerebral ischemia or delayed ischemic brain damage, even resulting in cerebral infarction, and it thus becomes the primary cause of mortality and disability. In recent years, with the development of studies, people have realized that the oxyhemoglobin, inflammatory reaction, accumulation of vasoconstrictive substances, apoptosis, blood hypercoagulability and blood vessel cell proliferation play important roles in the development of cerebral vasospasm. Although its mechanism remains unclear, better effects have been achieved by using related treatment methods according to the available pathogenesis.

Objective To discuss the ultrastructural pathological characteristics and dynamic changes of brain vessel after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and the mechanism of these changes in delayed cerebral vasospasm.Methods SAH model was made by infusing blood twice into the cistern magna of Japanese rabbits.The animals were divided randomly into SAH group,saline group,puncture group and blank group,at 1 h,3 d,5 d,7 d and 10 d after the first infusion the animals were perfused and basilar artery was harvested.Ultrastructural changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results Under the light microscope,the vessel wall became thick,the vessel cavity became narrow,the endothelia cells became swollen,vacuoles could be found in the chromatin,inner elastic membrane became reductus and broke.Under the electron microscope,the close connection between the endothelial cells disappeared,the membrane of the cells fell off,and the mitochondria became swollen,vacuoles could be seen,the chromatin became concentrated,heterochromatin could be seen,smooth muscle became deformed,chromatin became uneven, myofilament had derangement and fragmentation and dissolved,vacuolus could be seen in the kytoplasm,mitochondrion became swollen.The structural change of basilar artery under the light microscope got similar to that under the electron microscope;slight change was observed right after 1 h of SAH,significant change was observed at 3 d,and most obvious change was observed between 5 d and 7 d.Conclusion Ultrastructural changes were observed in the basilar artery after SAH,and significant dynamic changes were observed in the progress.The damage of endothelia cells may be the important factors which cause delayed cerebral vasospasm.

Aim To study the effect of As_2O_3(arsenic trioxide) on the expressions of telomeric repeat binding factor1,2 and telomeric stability of human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, and explore the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Method MGC803 cell growth inhibition was measured with MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry. Influence on chromosome distal end was analyzed with chromosome end-end fusion analysis. Expressions of TRF1 and TRF2 were determined with Western blot analysis. Results MTT assay showed that As_2O_3 clearly inhibited the growth of MGC803 cells, depending on time and dosage. The apoptosis rates were significantly higher than those of the control group in a concentration and time-dependent manner. These changes were not found in the control group. After disposal with 5 ?mol?L -1 As_2O_3, chromosome fusion rate was obviously increased in 48 h. After 48 h of disposal with 5 ?mol?L -1 As_2O_3, the TRF1 of MGC803 cells was up-regulated while TRF2 was down-regulated. Conclusion As_2O_3 induced chromosome fusion and MGC803 cells apoptosis through up-regulating expressin of TRF1 and down-regulating expressin of TRF2.

The interactions between genetic variations and dietary factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus have attracted some attention. Several studies revealed that dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity and increased dietary fat intake might interact with genetic variations of type 2 diabetes mellitus and increase risk of this disease. Genome-wide association studies suggest that genetic variance may modulate the association between dietary pattern and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM To study the effects of growth inhibition of different concentrations of diallyl trisulfide(DATS) on gastric cancer MGC 803 cell line in vitro. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of DATS were examined by MTT assay, clonal formation rates and cell growth curve. RESULTS Suppression and decrease of MGC 803 cell proliferation was found after treatment by DATS in vitro. The inhibitory rates on MGC 803 cell growth of different concentration of DATS,4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 mg?L -1 , were 26%,46%,65%,76% and 89% respectively, and its half inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was 8 2 mg?L -1 . The clonal formation rates and clonal formation relative counts of 8, 12, 16 and 24 mg?L -1 were 32 4% and 58 7%,24 8% and 42 5%,19 0% and 33 5%?8 8% and 15 1% respectively.There was significant correlation between dose and effect in all, and the cell growth culve became lower and flatter when concentration of DATS increase gradually. CONCLUSION The effect of growth inhibition of DATS for gastric cancer MGC 803 cell in vitro is remarkable.

The excipient processing is an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and understanding its scientific connotations is a critical scientific issue that urgently needs resolution. Building upon a foundation where the composition of traditional Chinese medicine substances is fundamentally clear, this paper applies the techniques and methods of chemoinformatics to the study of the excipient processing mechanism. Relevant information on traditional Chinese medicines processed with four kinds of excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) was collected, including properties, taste, meridian tropism, chemical components, etc. Molecular descritors and skeletons corresponding to each chemical component were calculated using chemoinformatics to characterize the properties and structural features of the components. Characteristic components associated with the four excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) were explored through multivariate statistical analysis and Murcko skeleton analysis. Further analysis, taking honey-processed Astragali Radix as an example, the focus was on the impact of the processing excipient honey on the solubility and permeability of its characteristic pharmacologically active components (isoflavones). It was discovered that the excipient honey can increase their solubility and permeability, emphasizing that the impact of processing excipients on the pharmacological classification properties is a key breakthrough in elucidating the mechanism of excipient processing. In summary, this study analyzed the characteristic components associated with the processing excipients "wine, vinegar, salt and honey" based on their composition characteristics, providing data support for the research on the mechanism of excipient processing from a biopharmaceutical perspective.

Objective To investigate the effect of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on transplanted rectal tumors in experimental rabbit models. Methods A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits with transplanted rectal tumor were randomly and equally divided into low-dose (0.5 mmol/L), medium-dose (1.0 mmol/L), high-dose (2.0 mmol/L) treatment groups and saline control group with 15 rabbits in each group. Arterial perfusion of 10 ml 3-BrPA with concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L via caudal mesenteric artery was respectively employed for the rabbits of the corresponding treatment group; the control group was perfused with equal amounts of saline. Four days later, rectal tumors were removed by vivisection. The necrosis degree of tumor cells was determined by microscopic examination, and the necrosis rate was calculated. The effect of different 3-BrPA concentrations on the rectal tumor was evaluated. Results The rectal tumor transplantation and transcatheter 3-BrPA or saline perfusion was successfully completed in all 60 experimental rabbits. Microscopically, tumor cells showed different degrees of damage in experimental rabbits. In low-dose (0.5 mmol/L) treatment group, gradeⅠnecrosis was observed in 3 rabbits, gradeⅡin 11 rabbits, and gradeⅢin one rabbit;the effective rate was 6.7%. In medium-dose (1.0 mmol/L) treatment group, gradeⅡnecrosis was seen in 2 rabbits, grade Ⅲ in 10 rabbits, and grade Ⅳ in 3 rabbits; the effective rate was 86.6%. In high-dose (2.0 mmol/L) treatment group, gradeⅢnecrosis was detected in 2 rabbits and gradeⅣin 13 rabbits;the effective rate was 100.0%. In the saline control group, grade I necrosis was observed in 15 rabbits. Statistically significant differences in tumor necrosis rate and effective rate existed between medium-dose (1.0 mmol/L) treatment group and high-dose (2.0 mmol/L) treatment group (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences in tumor necrosis rate also existed between each other among the four groups with necrosis of gradeⅠto gradeⅣ(P<0.05). 3-BrPA had obvious therapeutic effect, while it showed no damage to the normal intestinal tissue. Conclusion For the treatment of transplanted rectal tumor in rabbit models, arterial infusion of 3-BrPA has certain therapeutic effect. In the high-dose group, the necrosis rate and effective rate are the highest, and the therapeutic results are the most significant.

Aim ToexploretheeffectsofnewdrugT-006 on improving learning and memory abilities in scopolamine-induced dementia mice and its possible mechanism.Methods 72maleKunmingmicewere randomly divided into six groups:normal control group,model group,donepezil treatment group,T -006 treatment group with different doses(1,3 and 10 mg·kg-1 ).All mice were treated by intragastric ad-ministration for 14 consecutive days. Learning and memory abilities were tested by a five-day Morris water maze trial from the 1 1 th day.the first 4 days of the five-day Morris water maze,the navigation test was performed,the last day of Morris water maze is the spatial probe test.During the navigation test, mice were intraperitoneally given 2 mg · kg-1 scopolamine 20 minutes before entering the water,while normal control group mice administrated with sterile saline in-stead.Mice were not given T-006 nor scopolamine in spatial probe test.After Morris water maze,all mice were sacrificed for hippocampus and cortex.The activi-ties of AchE and SOD and the levels of GSH and MDA in hippocampus and cortex were measured after tissue harvesting.Results Comparedwithmodelgroup,T-006 could obviously improve learning and memory abil-ities in scopolamine-induced mice, significantly in-crease the levels of SOD and GSH and decrease the levelsofMDAandAchE.Conclusion T-006can significantly improve cognitive abilities in scopolamine-induced dementia mice,and its relevant mechanism may be closely related to its antioxidative effect and the ability to decrease AchE level.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sufentanil on regeneration and repair after single sciatic nerve injury in mice. Methods Seventy?five healthy male BALB∕c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weig?hing 18-22 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table: peripherial nerve injury group (group PNI), low, medium and high doses of sufentanil groups (L, M and H groups) and cyclosporine A group ( group C) . The model of unilateral sciatic nerve transection was established in the 5 groups. In L, M and H groups, sufentanil 2?5, 5?0 and 10?0 μg∕kg were injected intraperitoneally, re?spectively, once a day for 3 consecutive days. Cyclosporine A 50 mg∕kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days in group C. The equal volume of normal saline was given once a day for 3 con?secutive days in group PNI. Neurophysiological monitoring was performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after opera?tion, the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials of the sciatic nerve was recorded, and the nerve conduction velocity was measured. At 8 weeks after operation, 5 mice were sacrificed, the sciatic nerve 0?5 cm of the upper and lower the anastomosed site was removed for examination of the morphology of myelin sheath with light microscope, and the number of nerve fibers was calculated. Results Compared with group PNI, the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials of the sciatic nerve, nerve conduction ve?locity and the number of nerve fibers was were significantly increased in M, H and C groups ( P<0?05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group L ( P>0?05 ) . Myelin sheath arrangement was severely irregular, and more vacuoles were found in group PNI. Myelin sheath ar?rangement was irregular, and more vacuoles were found in group L. Myelin sheath arrangement was mainly regular, and vacuoles were found occasionally in group M. Myelin sheath arrangement was regular, and no vacuoles were observed in H and C groups. Conclusion Sufentanil can promote regeneration and repair af?ter peripheral nerve injury in mice.

Objective To detect the level of serum fragmented cytokeratin 18 (CK-18 M30) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to explore the relationship between the expression of CK-18 M30 and NASH. Methods 33 healthy people as control group, 24 nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL) patients, and 21 NASH patients were included in this study. CK-18 M30, ALT, AST and GGT were detected in all patients’ vein blood. NAFLD activity points (NAS) was examined in biopsy specimens of NAFL patients and NASH patients. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the correlations between serum CK-18 M30, ALT, AST, GGT and the NAS of liver tissue in NASH group. Results Serum CK-18 M30 level of healthy control, NAFL and NASH group were (96.557 2 ± 41.226 8)U/L, (104.321 7 ± 45.167 3)U/L, (263.125 5 ± 61.578 1)U/L respectively. Serum CK-18 M30 level in NASH patients positively correlated with both NAS of liver tissue and serum ALT, which correlation coefficient r values were 0.601 5 and 0.420 6. Conclusion The concentration of serum CK-18 M30 could be used as a marker in the diagnosis of NASH.