BACKGROUND:It is wel known that long-term aerobic exercise aleviates renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on endogenous formation of hydrogensulfide in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
METHODS:Rat models of long-term aerobic exercise were established and randomly assigned to four groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat static group, WKY rat exercise group, spontaneously hypertensive rat static group and spontaneously hypertensive rat exercise group. Moderate-intensity exercise on treadmil was given for 12 weeks. At 24 hours after model establishment, weight was weighted. Blood pressure was detected in the caudal artery. Blood and urine were colected for measuring biochemical indicators related to kidney functions. The degree of glomerular sclerosis was observed. Hydrogen sulfide production activity was detected in the kidney. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of hydrogen sulfide production-related enzymes. Simultaneously, oxidative stress of the kidney was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Long-term aerobic exercise obviously reduced body mass, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, urinary albumin levels, significantly reduced glomerular sclerosis score, increased hydrogen sulfide content in plasma and the rate of hydrogen sulfide formation in renal tissue, up-regulated cystathionine γ-lyase expression, obviously diminished malondialdehyde content in serum and kidney, and remarkably increasedthereduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione ratio in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2) Results indicated that long-term aerobic exercise could increase the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in kidney, lessen oxidative stress in the kidney, and amelioraterenal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Objective To understand human rhinovirus (HRV) etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children in Shanghai area and establish a nested reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) assay.Methods Three hundred and forty-two naso- pharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples from ALRTI cases who were hospitalized were collected during January 2005—December 2005.Nested RT-PCR techniques were used to detect HRV-specific RNA.The PCR products were sequenced and data of nucleotides were analyzed.The proportion of HRV infection in children with ALRTI,the distribution of gender,age and season,and clinical char- acteristics were also investigated.Results Forty-six (13.5%) of 342 samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR.The sequences of 15 positive samples shared high homology of 83%- 97% with HRV sequence in GenBank.Within the 15 positive samples,nucleotide homology varied from 64.4% to 98.4%,and the ratio of genetic variation was from 1.6% to 48.3%./00.These 15 ampli- cons attribute to the two branches of HRV cladogram.The sequences of 15 amplieons were highly varied,in which single nucleotide mutation and several nearby nueleotides mutations were found. Ribonucleotide deletion and insertion in the nucleotide sequence was also found.HRV positive sam- ples were detected in 33 boys and 13 girls,respectively.The ratio of infection cases between boys and girls was 2.5:1.Of 46 HRV infected cases,27 (58.7%) were less than 12 months of age and 38 (82.6%) were less than 3 years old.HRV infected ALRTI occured all the year round and peaked from March to May.Of the patients whose NPS samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR,45 patients were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and 1 was diagnosed with asthmatic bronchitis.Fever of most patients was moderate.The peripheral blood leukocyte counts in thirty-nine (84.8%) patients were less than 10?10~9/L.Neutrophil percentages in thirty-seven (80.4%) patients were less than 0.50.C-reactive protein of thirty-six (78.3%) patients were less than 8 mg/L. All of these features were the characteristics of viral pneumonia.The complications were not common and conditions of most patients were not severe.All the children were cured.Conclusions This nes- ted RT-PCR technique is highly specific,rapid and convenient for the detection of HRV RNA in NPS of patients with ALRTI and the genome of HRV viruses is highly variable.The incidence of HRV infection predominates in children in Shanghai area.ALRTI of HRV is short of specificity and condi- tions of most patients are not severe and their prognoses are fine.

Objective To analyse the CT,MRI features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and improve the diagnosis.Methods Imaging feature of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of 26 cases confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Distribution,size,shape,signal,dense,peritumor edema and invasion of adjacent structures of lesion were summarized.Results The locations of lesions included:temporosphenoid lobe (19 cases),frontal lobe (2 cases),the lateral and three ventricles in 1 case,occipital lobe (1 case),medulla oblongata (1 case),and cervical cord (1 case).The tumor size:maximum:82 mm × 40 mm × 70 mm,minimum:16 mm × 13 mm × 14 mm.Solid lesions (3 cases),solid lesions with necrosis (7 cases),solid and cystic lesions (16 cases),lesion with calcification (4 cases).The solid lesions of the tumors showed equal signal intensity or slightly low signal intensity on T1WI,and equal signal intensity or slightly high signal intensity on T2WI.The equidensite and high density on CT,peritumor edema degree:mild (2 cases),moderate (5 cases),severe (1 case).Conclusion The characteristic imaging features can help in the understanding and diagnosis of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and intedeukin-10 (IL-10) by peri-pheral blood monohuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Heparinized peri-pheral blood was obtained from 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 10 healthy human controls. PBMCs were isolated, cultured in complete medium, and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone, the com-bination of PHA and various concentrations of alpha-MSH, or nothing. After another 48-hour culture, ELISA and real-time PCR were performed to measure the secretion levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the super-natants of cultured PBMCs as well as the mRNA expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in PBMCs. Results The secretion level of TNF-alpha in the supematants of patient-derived PBMCs stimulated by nothing or PHA alone was significantly higher than that from normal control-derived PBMCs (329.87 ± 99.33 ng/L vs 116.95 ± 37.15 ng/L, 1756.01 ± 183.60 ng/L vs 1287.30 ± 152.36 ng/L, both P<0.01). alpha-MSH of all tested concentrations (10-13, 10-11, 10-7,mol/L) could inhibit the secretion of TNF-alpha by PBMCs com-pared with PHA alone (all P < 0.01), and the maximum effective concentration was 10-13 mol/L. On the con-Wary, a significant decrease was observed in the secretion level of IL-10 in the supematants of patient-derived PBMCs stimulated by nothing or PHA alone compared with normal control-derived PBMCs (P <0.05 or 0.01). Moreover, the secretion of IL-10 by PBMCs was promoted by alpha-MSH of all tested con-centrations (P < 0.01 or 0.05), with the maximum effective concentration being 10-13 mol/L (P < 0.01). The alpha-MSH of 10-13 mol/L down-regulated the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha (P < 0.001), but up-regnlated that of IL-10 (P < 0.001) in PHA-stimulated PBMCs from patients. Conclusion alpha-MSH can regulate the production of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by PHA-stimulated PBMCs from patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Objective To investigate the correlation between deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and clinical laboratory tests in the regulation of hemostasis. Methods Endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombomodulin (TM), P-selectin, prothrombin fragment _ 1+2 (F_ 1+2 ), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombus precursor protein (TpP) and D-Dimer (D-D) were measured in DVT patients (n=72) and normal individuals (n=20) with ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were evaluated for each of the items, and the area of the underlying receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC ) was used to appraise diagnostic efficiency. Results Except ET-1, there were significant differences between the DVT group and normal control group in the other items. The AUC ROC of P-selectin, F_ 1+2 , TpP and D-D was bigger than that of ET-1, TM and TAT (P0.05). The TpP had the highest sensitivity, NPV and accuracy, and the D-D had the highest specificity and PPV. Conclusion The increase of D-D and TpP could reflect the occurrence of continuous coagulation and fibrolysis respectively. Thus the combination of measuring TpP and D-D could provide better laboratory evidence for the diagnosis of patients with DVT.

Objective To research the mechanism of the changes of T lymphocyte subtypes and provide reference for clinically prevention,diagnosis and treatment for NSCLC through analysis of the expression of Th1 ,Th2 in Non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC)patients.Methods Whole blood (EDTA anticoagulant treatment)from 60 NSCLC patients and 60 healthy sub-j ects were collected to detect of the expression of CD3 +T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells on T lymphocytes and the lev-els of Th1 and Th2 cells by flow cytometer (FCM),and the absolute value of T lymphocyte by hematology analyzer.Results Compared with normal control group,after surgery 1~3 days NSCLC groups,the percent of CD3 +T,CD4+T,CD8+T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the NSCLC patients before surgery were significantly reduced 58.40±10.27 vs 66.58± 6.84,31.32±8.65 vs 39.40±6.43,34.23±8.00 vs 24.31±8.16,0.96±0.23 vs 1.58±0.23 (t=-6.726~14.916,P<0.05).The percent of CD3 +T,CD4+T,CD8+T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the NSCLC patients after surgery 1~3 days were also significantly decreased 56.31±8.00 vs 66.58±6.84,27.72±7.55 vs 39.40±6.43,33.69±7.10 vs 24.31± 8.16,0.87±0.31 vs 1.58±0.23 (t=-6.720~14.367,P<0.05).The percent of CD4+T cells in the NSCLC patients af-ter surgery 4~7 days was increased 33.23±4.13 vs 39.40±6.43(t=6.257,P<0.05).Compared with the control group, within the helper T cell subsets,the cell content of Th1,Th2 cells (× 10/μl)and the Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly changed in different extent in the NSCLC group before surgery 6.79±1.34 vs 12.52±3.56,4.82±0.51 vs 2.32±0.82, 1.39±0.84 vs 5.36±1.42 (t=-20.087~18.630,P<0.05).The content of Th1 cells was lower in the NSCLC patients after 1~3 days and 4~7 days 8.86±1.52 vs 12.52±3.56,7.02±1.27 vs 12.52±3.56 (t=7.339~11.275,P<0.05). Conclusion The NSCLC patients presented immune dysfunction,like T lymphocytes and helper T cells decreased and Th2 cells were clearly in the ascendant.Also,the cytotoxic T cells increased by the stimulation of cancer cells,but they began to decrease after the surgery.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of plate fixation with in situ reinforcing ulnar nerve and anterior transposition by olecranon osteotomy approach in the treatment of type C2 and C3 humeral intercondylar fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 23 patients with humeral intercondylar fractures admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from June 2014 to January 2017.There were 17 males and six females,aged 19-56 years,with an average of 41.2 years.According to AO classification,there were 15 patients with type C2 and eight with type C3.All patients were treated with plate internal fixation by olecranon osteotomy approach.The patients were divided into anterior group (11 patients) which was treated with ulnar nerve release anterior transposition and in situ reinforcing group (12 patients) which was treated with ulnar nerve release in situ.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,elbow flexion and extension range,elbow joint Mayo score,and excellent and good rate were compared between the two groups.Postoperative complications were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for 15-43 months,with an average of 26.7 months.All patients had no need of blood transfusion.There were no significant differences between anterior group and in situ reinforcing group in operation time [(219.1 15.1) minutes vs.(211.2 ± 17.1) minutes],intraoperative blood loss [(263.6 ± 35.3) ml vs.(237.5 ±25.6)ml] and fracture healing time [(18.2±2.4)weeksvs.(18.9±1.7)weeks] (P＞0.05).Nosignificant differences were found between the two groups in elbow flexion [(120.3 ±7.1) ° vs.(120.3 ±4.1)°],straightness [(3.7±2.7)° vs.(4.1 2.4)°],Mayo score [(89.09 ±9.17)points vs.(86.67 ±10.29)points] and excellent and good rate [91％ (10/12) vs.83％ (10/12)] (P ＞0.05).After operation,no complications such as infection,heterotopic ossification,ulnar neuritis,elbow valgus deformity,or internal fixation failure occurred.Conclusions For humeral intercondylar fracture,the plate fixation with in situ reinforcing ulnar nerve and anterior transposition by olecranon osteotomy approach both have advantages such as small surgical trauma,strong fixation,fewer complications,satisfactory recovery of elbow function.Ulnar nerve anterior transposition or not does not affect the occurrence of ulnar neuritis,and both can obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, troponin I (Tn I) release in septic rats, and to explore themechanism of Taohong Qinlian Decoction (TQD) in the treatment of septic myocardial injury.

METHODSA total of 48 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade were randomly divided into the sham-operation group (Sham), the sepsis model group (CLP), and the TQD treatment group (ZY), 16 in each group. Concen-trations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I, and HMGB1 expression were detected in each group at 24 and 48 h after operation. Pathological changes of cardiac muscle were observed under light microscope.

RESULTSConcentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I and HMGB1 at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly higher in the CLP group than in the Sham group (P < 0.01). Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I, and HMGB1 at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly lower in the ZY group than in the CLP group (P < 0.05). Myocardial injury occurred in the CLP and the ZY group under light microscope. And this injury was more severe in the CLP group than in the ZY group.

CONCLUSIONTQL could reduce the level of sepsis-related inflammatory cytokines and protect myocardium in septic rats.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Heart ; drug effects ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sepsis ; pathology ; Troponin I ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To analyse the epidemic characteristics and control measures of malaria in Jiangsu Province during the past fifty years, evaluate the control effect and explore the current appropriate control strategy and measures. Methods The historical data about malaria cases and control measures from 1951 to 2008 in Jiangsu Province were collected, and the effects of malaria control in different stages were assessed. Results The integrated control measures with emphasis on the control of infectious source were adopted during the stage of two outbreaks of malaria. In the stage of basical elimination of malaria, the comprehensive measures with emphasis on the vector control in the areas of Anopheles anthropophagus were adopted, and the measures with emphasis on the surveillance of infectious source surveillance and early treatment of malaria in other areas were adopted. In the stage of consolidation, the measures including the surveillance of infectious source and management, surveillance of vector and epidemic situation, management of floating population, etc, were adopted. The malaria incidence dropped from 2 495/10 000 in 1960 to 0.09/10 000 in 2008, and was under 1/10 000 in all the counties of Jiangsu Province during the past 2 years, which demonstrated the various measures were feasible and effective in different stages of malaria. Conclusions Malaria has been controlled effectively in Jiangsu Province, however, the improvement of early diagnosis and norm treatment of malaria cases, the enhancement of health education and promotion, as well as the malaria surveillance and management among floating population, are still necessary for achieving the goal of malaria elimination.

Objective To observe the residual effect of Demand CS - impregnated bednets to Anopheles sinensis.Methods The numbers of adult mosquitoes which were knocked down at every minute after treatment were observed by using the enforced contact method recommended by WHO,and the mortality of mosquitoes tested after 24 h was calculated.Results The Kt_(50) of Demand CS - impregnated bednets with impregnations concentrations of 10,15,20 mg/m~2 to Anopheles sineasis were 21.40,16.20,15.70 min,respectively,and the 24 h mortality was 100%.The Kt_(50) of Responsar SC (12.5 % Beta - cyfluthrin) impregnated bednets with a impregnation concentration of 15 mg/m~2 to Anopheles sinensis was 16.06 min,and the 24 h mortality was 100%,too.Conclusions Both the Demand CS - impregnated bednets and the Responsar SC impregnated bednets can kill Anopheles sinensis.