Objective To investigate the causes of non-union and delayed union of fractures and to report the surgical techniques and outcomes of the treatments. Methods 107 cases of non-union, 54 cases of delayed union and 2 cases of congenital non-union of tibia were treated between July 1990 and December 2004 in our hospital. The treatments were evaluated retrospectively to analyze the causes of the disorder and the treatment outcomes at the follow-up. 18 cases of delayed union were treated conservatively while the other 145 cases in this series underwent surgery. Results Except in the 2 cases of congenital non-union of tibia, iatrogenic factors were found to be responsible for nonunion or delayed union in all the other 161 cases. 153 cases were followed up for an average of 17 (6 to 28) months only to reveal bone union in all the cases with a mean healing time of 10 (6 to 14) months. All the limbs regained good function. Conclusion Since development of non-union and delayed union of fractures chiefly result from iatrogenic technical defects, satisfactory results can be achieved as long as appropriate treatments are performed according to different etiological factors.

Objective To investigate four methods for establishing animal models of human breast cancer bone metastasis. Methods Thirty-two female nude mice aged 4-6 weeks were divided randomly into four groups (n=8 in each group). 5×105 MDA-MB-231 cells were injected into the body via the left second mammary fat pads (group A), the tail veins (group B), the left heart ventricles (group C) and the left tibia marrow cavities (group D), respectively. Tumor formations in situ were recorded in group A. Deaths after the injection were recorded. The surviving nude mice 49 days after the injection were subjected to pathological examination to determine bone metastasis. Results The rate of tumor formation in situ of group A was87.5 %(7/8). One mouse in group C died after the injection of MDA-MB-231 cells. The bone metastasis rate in groups A, B, C and D was zero (0/8), 12.5 % (1/8), 71.4 % (5/7) and 100 % (8/8), respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the bone metastasis rate between group A and group C, group A and group D, group B and group C; and group B and group D. Conclusion Injections of tumor cells via the breast fat pads and tail veins were not suitablemethods to establish animal models of human breast cancer bone metastasis. The bone metastasis model could be established efficiently by injecting tumor cells into the left heart ventricles or the bone marrow cavity of nude mice.

In order to optimize acupuncture protocol for stephenipodia after stroke, related papers of the recent 20 years are retrieved. Interrelated factors which may influence the therapeutic effect of acupuncture are analyzed through the aspects such as acupoints, needling methods and opportunities of acupuncture. It is held that importance should be attached on relation between acupoints and anatomy during acupoint selection. Different acupuncture protocol can be adopted in different phases of stephenipodia according to its time of occurrence. And it is found that the combination of acupuncture and rehabilitation can reinforce the therapeutic effect. Relationship between effect of acupuncture and patient's condition, acupoint selection and prescription, acupuncture manipulations (including directions, angles, reinforcing and reducing, quantity of stimulus) are worth to be further studied. On the base of the above all mentioned studies, optimization can be carried out on selection of acupoints and acupuncture manipulations. And therapeutic effect can be enhanced when the optimized acupuncture protocol is combined with rehabilitation therapies.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Foot Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Stroke ; complications

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of nedaplatin combined with docetaxel in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. METHODS:A total of 53 patients with advanced cervical cancer selected from our hospital during Apr. 2014-Apr. 2016 were divided into observation group(31 cases)and control group(22 cases)according to chemotherapy plan. Con-trol group was given Docetaxel injection 60 mg/m2,ivgtt,qw. Observation group was additionally given Nedaplatin for injection 35 mg/m2+0.9% Sodium chloride injection diluted into 500 mL,ivgtt (≥60 min),qw. A chemotherapy cycle lased for 21 d,and both groups received 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were evaluated 2 weeks after treatment,and the level of PCNA integal was detected before and 2 weeks after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The total re-sponse rate of observation group (77.42%) was significantly higher than that of control group (63.64%),with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in PCNA integval between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treat-ment,PCNA integval of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). ADR were concentrated in grade I,and there was no statistical significance in the in-cidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Docetaxel combined with nedaplatin can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of patients with advanced cervical cancer,and does not increase the adverse reactions compared to docetaxel alone.

Objective To study imageology anatomy concerned of sellar turica and explore its potential role on growth of pituitary adenomas. Methods According to classification of sinus sphenoidalis,103 normal imageology data of sellar turica region were analyzed, including 83 cases with entire saddle type sinus sphenoidalis and 20 cases anti-saddle type sinus sphenoidalis. Furthermore, the clinical data of 45 cases of pituitary adenomas with extension into sinus sphenoidalis were retrospectively studied. Results The relationship between sellar floor's shapes and sinus sphenoidals'types was that the larger the sinus sphenoidalis was, the deeper the floor was(98.8%). The relationship between sellar floor's shapes and the superior surface of hypophysis was that most of depressed sellar floors were companied with depressed superior surfaces of hypophysises(93.8%). The anteroposterior shapes of sellar turica in midsagittal can be divided into 4 types such as bag-type, kettle-type, tube-type, and sifter-type. 45 patients suffering from pituitary adenoms with extension into sinus sphenoidalis all had entire saddle type sinus sphenoidalis. Conclusions The imageology anatomy concerned of sellar turica could explain the phenomena of pituitary adenomas with extension toward sellar floor and sinus sphenoidalis. Referring to the literatures concerned, it indicated that the imageology anatomy was the key factor of affecting the growth of pituitary adenomas.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a stroke unit combined with community health services for treating stroke survivors. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients were randomly divided into a " stroke unit combined with community medicine" group ( combined group) , a stroke unit group and a general treatment group. Patients in the former 2 groups were treated in a hospital stroke unit during their hospitali-zation. The general treatment group was given conventional medical treatment. After discharge, the combined group continued to receive regular rehabilitation therapy and guidance in the form of community medical services, while the stroke unit group received follow-up only. Assessment was by means of Fugl-Meyer scores, the Barthel index and self-rating on a depression scale ( SDS). The patients were assessed at admission, on discharge and 3 months after discharge. Results There were no significant differences in average limb motor function, ability in the activities of daily living ( ADL) or depressive mood among the 3 groups on admission, but at discharge, limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined group and stroke unit groups were significantly superior to those in the general therapy group. Limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined and stroke unit groups had improved further 3 months after discharge, with more significant improvements in the combined group. No significant change in depression was observed in any group at discharge, but average depression scores in the combined and stroke unit groups improved significantly in the 3 months after discharge, and there was a statistically significant difference between the combined group and the general group. Conclusion Supplementing the work of a stroke unit with community health services significantly improves stroke patients' recovery of limb motor function and ADL ability.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnostic value of polyclonal all immunoglobulin.Methods The specimens of pa-tients were simultaneously tested and identified by quantitative immunoglobulins,Immunofixation electrophoresis of serum and u-rine,urine protein electrophoresis,and other ways.Results From 1 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were detected the serum IgG, M,A,KAP and LAM,and urine KAP and LAM,at the same time show the increment of the polyclonal polyclonal all immune glob-ulin hematic disease.Conclusion Polyclonal all immune globulin hematic disease often appear in the complications of chronic in-flammation,which should be paid attention during its in clinical doctors.

Objective To study the benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mRNA expression of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) genes in rat liver. Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5, 10 and 15mg/kg of B[a]P. The total RNAs were extracted from rat livers by RNA purification kit, and the mRNA expression of AHR and CYP1A1 genes was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). β-actin was used as the internal control. The mRNA expression of both AHR and CYP1A1 genes was measured at indicated time points (24, 48 and 72h) after B[a]P treatment at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15mg/kg). Results The mRNA expression of AHR gene increased in a time-dependent manner at the concentration of 10mg/kg but not at 5 and 15mg/kg of B[a]P. The mRNA expression of CYP1A1 gene differed significantly at 48h and 24h in rat livers treated with 10 and 15mg/kg dosage of B[a]P. The mRNA expression of AHR and CYP1A1 genes increased with B[a]P treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The time-dependent increase in mRNA expression was shown by AHR but not by CYP1A1 gene with B[a]P (10mg/kg) treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that toxic B[a]P increases the mRNA expression of both AHR and CYP1A1 genes in vivo, suggesting that B[a]P may play a role in cancer genesis by this way.

Objective To estimate the relative risk for lung cancer associated with genetic polymorphism of T6235C mutation in 3' non-coding region (Msp Ⅰ) of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glntathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolian Region of China. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and multiplex PCR methods were used to analyze blood samples obtained from 263 case subjects and 263 control subjects to determine their genotypes for CYP1A1 and GSTM1.Control subjects were matched with case subjects by ethnic background, age and gender. Results The frequencies of the variant CYP1A1 genotypes (CYP1A1C) and GSTM1-null in lung cancer groups were higher than those in control groups (38.4% vs. 28. 5% and 57.8% vs. 48.0%). The individuals who corried with CYP1A1C genotype had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.08 to 2.25, P=0.016) than those who carried with non-variation CYP1A1 genotype. The ones who carried with GSTM1-null genotype also had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06 to 2.10, P=0.023) than these who carried with GSTM1-present genotype.When combination of polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genotypes was analyzed, the risk of lung cancer for combination of CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null genotypes was increased significantly (OR=2.084, 95e CI=1.27 to 3.42, P=0.003). Susceptibility to lung cancer was related to smoking (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.48 to 2.98, P=0.000). Considering smoking status, the risk of lung cancer for combination of smoking and CYP1A1C genotype was remarkably increased (OR=2.76, 950/0 CI=1.74 to 4. 37, P=0.000). It was the same case with combination of smoking and GSTM1-null genotype (OR=4. 38, 95% CI=2.35 to 8.15, P=0.000). Conclusion The polymorphisms of CYP1A1C genotype and GSTM1-null are the risk factors of lung cancer in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia Region of China. Smoking is also related to susceptibility to lung cancer. There may be a synergetic interaction between CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null in the elevated susceptibility of lung cancer. Smoking may have a synergetic interaction with CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null in the elevated susceptibility of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach.Methods The clinical data of 28 cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach were retrospectively summarized.Results The mean diameter ofthe tumor Was 2.9(1.7～4.2)cm.The mean operative time Was 128(95～165) min.Pathologic data:adenoma in 15 cases,nodular goitar in 12 csses,papillary carcinoma indicated intraoperatively by frozen section in 1 case.One case occurred temporary hoarseness.No intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhea and convulsion after operation.Minor pain and discomfort in anterior chest continued for 7～19d in 18 cases,all without taking painkillers,satisfaction rate of beauty was 90 percent.Condusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach is safe and feasible for patients with thyroid diseases,and has excellent cosmetic results.