AIM: To analyze the common causes and treatments methods of high intraocular pressure (>21mmHg) after trabeculectomy.
METHODS: Twenty-four eyes of glaucoma patients with high intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy in our hospital from July 2010 to September 2014 were retrospectively studied. The common cause and processing methods were analyzed.
RESULTS:The causes which lead to early postoperative high intraocular pressure included high filtering bleb scar in 11 eyes ( 46%) , filtration obstruction in 4 eyes ( 17%) , malignant glaucoma 3 eyes ( 12%) , iris resection of malignant glaucoma unreasonable 2 eyes ( 8%) , hyphema 2 eyes ( 8%) , wrap cystic filtering bleb 2 eyes (8%), etc. After proper treatments, intraocular pressures of all patients were bellowed 21mmHg.
CONCLUSION: High intraocular pressure with surgery for glaucoma is caused by multiple factors, preoperative and intraoperative avoid as far as possible, postoperative early detection for symptomatic treatment is the key to successful operation.

Although the type of XHD150B-IO 800mA X-ray machine possesses a damage protection electric circuit for the main thyristors, with the first switch of photographic hand valve pressed, abnormal instant exposure still appears when double (in different phase) or more than three main thyristors are broken through, short-circuited or mis-energized, and consequently the high voltage element or X-ray machine will break down. Therefore the original electric circuit must be improved. Material: A few of leads. Method: We exchange the conjunction sequence of three NO (normal open) contacting points of radiograph high voltage preparing work relay--MAG SW- R with three reverse parallel connection of main thyristors. Conclusion: The normal procedure of radiographic exposure won't be disturbed after the improvement. When whichever one or more than two main thyristors is broken through, short-circuited or mis-energized, the spoilage can be detected instantly and the protection circuit works correspondingly, which guarantees the safety of X-ray machine.

Objective To investigate the correlation of epidermal distribution of lamellar bodies and expression of ceramidase with skin barrier dysfunction in polymorphous light eruption.Methods Forty-seven patients with polymorphous light eruption and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited into this study.Noninvasive instruments were used to measure skin sebum content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL)and water content in stratum corneum in all of the subjects.Then,tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions at sunexposed sites in the patients and normal skin of the healthy volunteers.The ultrastructure and distribution of lamellar bodies were observed with transmission electron microscopy in five lesion and control specimens.Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of ceramidase in the tissue specimens.Results Compared with the normal skin from healthy volunteers,the lesions from patients showed decreased number of lamellar bodies in the granular layer and prick cell layer with a disorganized arrangement.Ceramidase was positively expressed in 20 lesion specimens and 36 normal control specimens,weakly expressed in 21 lesion specimens and 4 normal control specimens,and negative in 6 lesion specimens; there was a significant difference in the expression of ceramidase between the lesion specimens and normal control specimens(P ＜ 0.01).The lesions also showed high TEWL(34.2191 ± 12.70 vs.16.8350 ± 6.50,P ＜ 0.01),lower water content in stratum corneum(22.7319 ± 8.71 vs.29.4250 ± 5.08,P ＜ 0.01)and similar skin sebum content compared with the normal skin.Conclusions There is a disturbance in the synthesis of ceramide in patients with polymorphous light eruption,which may contribute to the impairment of skin barrier.

Objective:To explore the resource of rice bran by comparing antioxidative activities and growth promotion of Bacillus bifidus between supernatant of formented rice bran(RBF) by Bacillus natto and water extract of rice bran(RBW) . Method:The reducing capacity the?OH and ??O 2 scavenging capacity and the inhibitory effect to oxidize lard were determined in vitro. The growth promotion for Bacillus bifidus by photodensity with simulated condition was investigated in vivo. Results:RBF and RBW had antioxidant activity in vitro. The IC50 of scavenging?OH and ??O 250 of RBF was 3.55 mg/ml and 23.5 mg/ml,0.3 and 10 folds higher than that of RBW respectively. In inhibiting oxidation of lard,RBF had a little higher antioxidative activities than RBW,near VE. RBF and RBW could promot growth of Bacillus bifidus by 65.2% and 17.8% respectively. By enzymatic digestion,the promotive rate of RBF was still 51.6%. Conclusion:RBF had higher antioxidant activity and growth promotion to Bacillus bifidus.

It is necessary to medical student to take the elective course of pharmacy.This paper put forward several viewpoints and concrete methods about teaching methods,means and contents of elective course of pharmacy.

Background Trans-corneally subretinal injection in rodent model is a useful method for genetic therapy,stem cell transplantation and the study on the ophthalmic research.Standarized operation process is critical for the successful treatment.However,there is no literature to report the detailed procedure and the influence of this technique on morphology and function of retina.Objective This sudy was to introduce a method of trans-corneally subretinal injection and evaluate its influence on the morphology and function of retina.Methods Trans-corneallly subretinal injection was performed on the left eyes of 2-month-old SPF C57BL/6J mice after dilation of pupils.A 301/2G disposable needle was used to puncture the cornea within the pupil area near limbus and avoid touching the lens and irises under eye surgery microscope.Then,a 33G blunt needle was used to insert into the vitreous and toward subretinal space via corneal puncture.Normal saline with 0.1％ fluorescein sodium of 1 μl was slowly injected into the space,and 2.5％ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was dropped on ocular surface for the observation of the fundus clearly.According to the percentage of the retina filled with subretinally injected solution,the experimental eyes were divided into 80％-100％ area group,50％-70％ area group after injection,and the mice in the pseudo-injected group,in which injection procedure stopped just before the solution was pushed in to the subretinal space did not inject any solution after punctured.The right uninjected eyes of the mice served as normal control group.Four eyes were selected for each group.The structural changes were evaluated by optical coherance tomograpby (OCT) 1 day,2 days,3 days and 5 weeks after injection,and retinal function was assessed by the recored of electroretinography (ERG) 5 weeks after injection.The retinal sepcimens were prepared to examin the morphological changes by hematoxylin and esosin staning.The use of care followd the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals of Zhejiang Province.Results About 70％ of the injected eyes showed that retinal blebs filled with injected green fluorescein solution occupied 50％ or more retinal area with minimal damages.The focal detachment between neurosensory retinal layer and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was exhibited 1 day postinjection,and almost all the retinas retached 2 days after injection.In the fifth week after injection,the amplitudes of ERG b wave were (386.25±37.88),(357.50±41.03),(324.25±53.45) and (410.50±14.88) μV in the sham operation group,50％-70％ area group,80％-100％ area group and normal control group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (F=3.574,P=0.047),and the amplitudes of b wave in the normal control group were higher than those in the 80％-100％ area group (all at P ＜ 0.05).The detachment between retinal neuroepithelium layer and RPE layer,cell proliferation and transposition in the outer nuclear layer were dispalyed under the light microscope in the sham operation group,50％-70％ area group and 80％-100％ area group,and the disordered outer segment of photoreceptors at the injecting area was seen in the 50％-70％ area and 80％-100％ area groups at five weeks after injection.However,retinal sructure and morphology were normal at the non-injection area.Conclusions Trans-corneally subretinal injection is an effective and safe way for subretinal injection.

Objective Toinvestigatetheprevalenceofurinaryincontinenceanditseffectonlifequalityamongfemale adultsinHangzhou,andtoprovideevidencetothecontroloffemaleurinaryincontinence.Methods Aquestionnaire survey was performed in Gongshu and Xiacheng districts in Hangzhou from October 2013 to June 2014,and 4 563 women aged over 20 years were interviewed through a questionnaire including International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Lower Urinary Tract,IQ-FLUTS and demographic information.Single and multi factor logistic regression analysiswereusedtoanalyzetheriskfactorsofurinaryincontinence.Results Atotalof4785questionnairesweresent, and 4 563 effective questionnaires were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.4%.The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 33.5%(1 530/4 563),and female with older age tended to have a higher prevalence of UI(P<0.01).Among which stress urinary incontinence (SUI ),urge incontinence (UUI )and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI ) were accounted for 20.2%(922/4 563),3.0%(135/4 563)and 10.3%(473/4 563)respectively.UUI and MUI had a greater effect on quality of life.According to the multi factor logistic regression analysis,gravidity,age,constipation,pelvic surgery and fat (BMI>24)wereriskfactorsforurinaryincontinence(P<0.05).Conclusion Becauseofthehighprevalenceofurinary incontinence among female adults,more attention should be paid to urinary incontinence suffers in order to improve the quality of life of female adults.

A new benzene derivative microintegerrin C (1) and a new norsesquiterpenoid microintegerrin D (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), were isolated and identified from stems and leaves of Micromelum integerrimum by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-18 column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were mainly identified based on the spectral data analysis such as 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-EI-MS. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; isolation & purification

Objective:To explore a rapid and cost-effective method for identification of Candida gla-brata through the comparison of two different methods , using molecular methods of sequencing as gold standard.Methods:From our clinic, 200 strains of suspected Candida glabrata were collected during the last 3 years and selected after incubation in CHROMagar Candida medium for 48 h.By comparing the results of the CHROMagar Candida medium, the identification of the rapid trehalose test for different kinds of strains were analyzed under incubation in the tubes for 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h at 37 ℃and 42 ℃, respectively .All the strains were identified to species level by methods of sequencing .The optimal time and temperature of the trehalose test for the identification of Candida glabrata were assessed .Two different methods, CHROMagar Candida medium and the rapid trehalose test , in identification of Candi-da glabrata were compared.Results:In all the 200 strains, Candida glabrata ferment trehalose with 3 h incubation under 42 ℃ were the optimal time and temperature for fermenting trehalose .The accuracy , sensitivity, and specificity of the rapid trehalose test were 99.00% (198/200), 98.66% (147/149) and 100.00%(51/51).The accuracy rate of CHROMagar Candida medium was 79.50%(159/200), the sensitivity and specificity were only 89.93%(134/149) and 49.02%(25/51), however, compared with the domestic current popular methods , the rapid trehalose test had better time efficiency ratio .Con-clusion:The evaluation results suggest that the rapid trehalose test has advantages in terms of operational convenience and low cost , and the results can be obtained in 3 h.Therefore, it has application value in clinical laboratory .

BACKGROUND: Primary studies suggest that coronary artery stenosis is highly exactly shown by 16-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging.OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy and limitation between coronary angiography and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary artery imaging to diagnose moderate and severe coronary artery stenosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Clinical diagnostic study based on gold standard, which was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2005 to March 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight patients with suspected coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease were examined by 64-slice spiral CT coronary artery imaging and coronary artery angiography during the 1-month hospitalization in the Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2005 to March 2006. METHODS: 280 segments of 28 patients were quantitatively analyzed coronary artery stenosis by selective coronary artery angiography and multi-slice spiral CT imaging based on eye-measurement diameter method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: True positive, true negative, false positive, false negative, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of coronary artery stenosis were measured by multi-slice spiral CT imaging.RESULTS: All 28 patients were included in the final analysis. Multi-slice spiral CT imaging showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 46.5%, 97.6%, 86.8%, and 84.3%, respectively. If excluding the effect of 31 coronary segments with severe calcification, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.7%, 98.6%, 90.3% and 93.6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT imaging is simple, reliable, noninvasive and safe; moreover, it has a good potential for diagnosing especially excluding coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease, but still some limits.