Tumor growth depends on the tumor microenvironment(TME).Tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)are important inflammatory cells in TME.TANs are divided intoN1type with anti-tumor effect andN2type of tumor-promoting effect.Therefore,TANs have both beneficial and harmful aspects of the body.A large number of studies have been shown that TANs affect tumor formation,metastasis,angiogenesis and immune response,regulated by the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.This review will summarize the biological characteristics of TANs,and tumor development,prognosis and treatment of tumor as well as research progress of the relationship between TANs and tumor.

Background and purpose:It was reported that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is closely related with carcinomas. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common carcinomas in China. The present study investigated the expression and clinical significance of NFAT isoforms in ESCC. Methods:The expression of NFAT isoforms and the differences in different pathological levels of ESCC were detected in 104 specimens of human ESCC tissues and normal esophageal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results:This study found that the positive rates of NFAT1 (53.8%), NFAT2 (10.6%), NFAT3 (26.9%), NFAT4 (45.2%) expression were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal esophageal tissues (P<0.001), respectively. The positive rate of NFAT1 expression was significant-ly higher in drinkers (62.3%) than nondrinkers (37.1%, P=0.01), and also higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (68.4% vs 5.5%, P=0.002) and with late stage (58.7% vs 36.2%, P=0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that NFAT1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis. The positive rate of NFAT3 was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (39.4%) than in those without lymph node metastasis (19.7%, P=0.03). Conclusion:These results suggest that the overexpression of NFAT1 and NFAT3 is associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC.

Abscess ; Cysts ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Tooth Diseases ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate dynamic expressions of cortex clusterin (CLU) and intervention effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neonatal rats with recurrent seizures.Methods Thirty-six-8-day postnatal SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group (NS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and normal diet group (RS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and KD group (RS + KD group,n =12).From 9 d,rats in RS + ND group and RS + KD group were subjected to recurrent seizures induced by volatile flurothyl 30 min each day for consecutive 8 days.Rats in NS + ND group were placed into the container for an equal amount of time to their counterpart without exposure to flurothyl.Scores on neurological behaviors at 35 days postnatally were examined.CLU protein levels in cerebral cortex were determined by Western blot at 58 days postnatally.Results Neurodevelopmental indicators analysis:in the plane righting experiment,there were significant differences between NS + ND group [(1.03 ± 0.54) s],R S + KD group [(0.89 ± 0.16) s] and RS + ND group [(0.64 ± 0.30) s] about the time of plane righting (all P ＜ 0.05) ; in the negative geotaxis reaction experiment,the rats of NS + ND group [(1.92 ± 0.90) s],and RS + KD group [(5.17 ± 0.72) s] about the time of negative geotaxis reaction were significantly different compared with RS + ND gouup [(7.33 ± 0.65) s] (all P ＜ 0.01).In the cliff avoidance test,there were significant differences between NS + ND group,R S + KD group [(4.33 ± 2.54) s,(8.75 ± 2.26) s] and R S + ND group [(16.58 ± 4.25) s] about the time of cliff avoidance (all P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that the expression of CLU in cerebral cortex of the RS + ND group [(2.24 ± 0.53) s] was obviously increased compared with NS + ND group [(1.44 ± 0.11) s] (P ＜0.01),and there also had significant difference between RS + KD group [(1.56 ±0.24) s] and RS + ND group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It shows that the up-regulated expression of CLU in cerebral cortex may be associated with recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage,while KD may protect them from recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage by down-regulating expression of CLU.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the duplex ultrasonography (duplex US) for evaluating the re-stenosis after peripheral arterial bypass grafting. Methods Eighty prosthetic grafts of sixty-three patients with femoral-pop-liteal arterial bypass grafting were follow-up regularly by duplex US. They were divided into non significant stenosis group (n=56), the significant stenosis group (n=15) and occlusion group (n=9) according to the tube diameter and arterial blood flow-ing parameters, which changed postoperatively. The diagnostic results were compared and analyzed between duplex US and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The peak flow velocity of middle grafts (MG) to 40 cm/s was defined to evaluate risk of graft occlusion. Results The diagnostic coincidence rate of duplex US and DSA for grafts stenosis classification was 90%. The diagnostic sensitivity of duplex US to grafts stenosis was 91.7%, and the specificity was 92.9%. The positive pre-dictive value was 84.6%for grafts stenosis, and the negative predictive value was 96.3%, the false positive rate was 16.7%, and the false negative rate was 8.3%. The grafts occlusion rate was higher in MG<40 cm/s group than that of MG≥40 cm/s group. Conclusion There was a good consistency with Duplex US and DSA for the diagnosis of peripheral artery bypass graft restenosis. Duplex US showed characteristics of non-invasive, simple and easily accepted by patients.

As a kind of additive in feed of monogastric animals, the application of natural phytase is limited due to its disadvantages. In this paper, the strategies of phytse reform was introduced. Furthermore, the research and progress on protein engineering of feed phytase was reviewed, including phytase over-expression, phytase thermostability, catalytic efficiency and optimum pH.

Objective To investigate the change of the fibrin monomer (FM) level in the venous thromboembolic disease (VTE).To compare the diagnostic value of FM combined Wells score with the other detection methods.Methods In this case control study,121 cases were selected from the patients who were from general and orthopeadic surgery (including thrombosis group in 60 cases and non thrombosis group in 61 cases).The patients were assessed by Wells score.From one day before surgery, Plasma d-dimer (D-D) and fibrin monomer (FM) were periodic measured by CP-2000 d-dimer and fibrin monomer.Evaluation the value of d-dimer,fibrin monomer and fibrin monomer combined with Wells score in diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease.The receiver operation cure(ROC) was drew to determine the diagnostic performance.Results The plasma FM level of patients with VTE in the thrombus group (26.11±38.34) μg/ml is higher than the non thrombus group (6.56±6.81) μg/ml and the control group (2.37±0.89) μg/ml (t=-3.82, t=-4.78,P<0.01);the sensitivity of FM was lower than the D-D (85% vs 93%);then the positive predictive value was lower than D-D (82% vs 87%) (χ2=27.01,P=0.000)but its specificity and negative predictive value (65%) are both higher than D-D (65% vs 44%)(71% vs 62%)(χ2=11.67,P=0.001);the sensitivity,the specificity,the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of FM combined Wells score are increased (90%,85%,83%,89%)(χ2=20.95,χ2=16.65,P<0.01).The increased level of FM is earlier than imaging changes, and the elevated of plasma D-D is not obvious in a certain period of time.Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of FM combined with Wells′ score is higher in the diagnosis of VTE, its prediction value in the diagnosis of VTE is higher.The FM level can be changed in the early stage of VTE, which has a certain value of early diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of lean management on emergency biochemistry test turnaround time(TAT) in clinical laboratories.Methods Based on the approaches of standardized operations,5S on-site management,the efficiency evaluation of batch processing and one piece flow,and visual management,the median time of each workflow,the qualified rate of emergency biochemistry test TAT,the unqualified rate in a relatively concentrated period of TAT timeout and the unqualified rate of collected samples were compared before and after optimization.Results The median times (interquartile ranges) of each workflow including sample receipt and storage,result audit and sample storage-result report before and after lean management were 30 (35) min,7 (13) min,17 (8) min and 16(19) min,5(9) min,16(7) min,respectively,and there were significant differences in the former two(all P ＜0.01) but not the third (P ＞ 0.05).The median times (interquartile ranges) of TAT before and after lean management were 63 (51) min and 46 (33) min,respectively(P ＜ 0.05).The qualified rate of TAT increased from 86.00％ to 95.37％ after lean management(P ＜ 0.01).The unqualified rates in a relatively concentrated period of TAT timeout and collected samples decreased from 3.42％ to 1.00％ (P ＜0.01) and from 0.24％ to 0.17％ (P ＜ 0.01),respectively.Conclusion Lean management may improve process efficiency,reduce errors,and shorten emergency biochemistry test TAT in clinical laboratories.

Objective To detect the optimum reaction temperature,pH,Km of N-V proteinase and determine its enzymological classification.Methods The fibrin plate method was used to determine the optimum reaction temperature and pH of N-V proteinase.The Km of N-V proteinase was detected by using Leu-pNA as substrate.E64,PMSF,zymofren and 1,10-phenanthroline were used as inhibitors to determine proteinase classification of N-V proteinase.Results The optimum reaction temperature was 50℃,pH was 8-9,Km was 1.97?10-3mol?L-1.PSMF inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of N-V proteinase(P0.05).Conclusion N-V proteinase belongs to serine proteinase.

Objective To establish normal reference intervals of plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children′s hospital.Methods A total of 183 fresh EDTA anticoagulant samples and 125 fresh urine in healthy children were collected from May 2014 to October 2014.According to the CLSI C28-A2 ,the unilateral upper limit 95% was established the normal reference value in different age group.Results There was significant difference in four groups (P<0.05).The normal reference intervals of plasma NGAL in healthy children:0 to <7 months;<291.28 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old;<150.87 μg/L;5 years old to <9 years old:<127.93 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<161.74 μg/L;the normal reference intervals of healthy children urine NGAL:0 to <7 months:<257.31 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old:<201.55 μg/L;5years old to <9 years old:<197.69 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<151.46 μg/L.Plasma and urine NGAL results in neonatal group were higher than the other three groups.Conclusion The normal reference intervals of plasma and urine NGAL in children′s hospital is established.this could provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal injury in pediatric patients.