Objective To describe the uncertainty in illness and social support of patients before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and explore the correlation between them.Methods By descriptive and correlation study,sixty patients before PCI were recruited in the study and were investigated with Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS) and social support rating scale (SSRS).Results The total score of uncertainty in illness of patients before PCI was(90.72 ± 13.97 ) and was in the medium range.Among the four dimensions,the average score of ambiguity (40.27 ±6.87) was the highest.The total score of social support was(44.35 ±7.65 )and was at middle or high level.The uncertainty in illness of patients was negatively related with their social support(r =- 0.31 P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Nurses should pay attention to the patients' uncertainty in illness before PCI and take advantage of their social support adequately.In this way,patients' uncertainty in illness can be decreased.

Objective To describe exercise self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes and to examine the relationship between exercise serf-efficacy and physical exercise. Methods A convenience sample of 117 patients with type 2 diabetes was interviewed, using Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire(LPAQ). Results The average score of exercise self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes was (52.42 ± 18.30) (a range of average score is 0 ～ 100). There was significantly positive relationship between exercise self-efficacy and the time of physical exercise (r =0. 415, P <0. 01) ; there was significantly positive relationship between exercise serf-efficacy and the energy expenditure of physical exercise (r = 0. 452, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Patients with type 2 diabetes had moderate level of exercise selfefficacy. The higher the patients' exercise self-efficacy, the more the time of physical exercise, the more the energy expenditure of physical exercise.

Objective To explore caregiver burden and coping strategies of primary caregivers of patients with stroke and their correlation. Methods 120 primary caregivers of patient with stroke from four provincial hospitals of Guangzhou were included in this study. The Chinese version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were applied to assess caregiver burden and coping strategies. Results The total score of caregiver burden of the primary caregivers was (39.54 ± 13.88), 86.7%primary caregivers' burden were in the mild and middle level. Positive coping was used more often than the negative coping among primary caregivers. Positive coping was negatively related to the caregiver burden (P ＜0. O1) and negative coping was positively related to the burden (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions Care burden were prevalent in the caregivers of patient with several extent and burden was related with coping style closely. Nurses should guide caregivers to take proper coping style and alleviate disease burden.

Objective To explore the relationship between illness perceptions and medication adherence of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised(IPQ-R) and Medication Adherence Questionnaire were used to investigate 95 patients undergoing PCI.Results (1)Illness perception status of patients undergoing PCI:average score of identity was (4.87 ± 3.50).Subscales of illness representation were listed according to scores from high to low as follows:timeline (acute/chronic) (3.68 ± 1.1 0),personal control (3.59 ± 0.83),treatment control (3.54 ± 0.65),illness coherence (3.02 ± 1.04),consequences (2.79 ± 0.87),emotional representation (2.24 ± 0.86),timeline cyclical (1.92 ± 1.06).In the part of causes,diet or eating habit scored highest (3.35 ± 1.83).(2)The average total score of medication adherence of patients undergoing PCI was (14.52 ± 1.99) and rate of complete adherence was 35.8％.(3) Identity of patients undergoing PCI was positively correlated with medication adherence (r =0.203,P ＜ 0.05).And personal control (r =-0.236,P ＜ 0.05) and emotional representation (r =-0.228,P ＜ 0.05) were negatively correlated with medication adherence.Conclusions Health care workers should improve symptom identity of patients undergoing PCI,emphasize the importance of adherence to medication,and help them relieve negative emotion in time to enhance their medication adherence.

Objective To learn the awareness and influencing factors of mental health knowledge in Yinzhou District. Methods The multi-stage cluster sampling was used to investigate 1239 residents by using the questionnaire of the residents' mental health awareness. Results The total awareness rate was 61.3％, and the awareness rate that was relatively low was mainly concentrated on "World Suicide Prevention Day" (29.9％),"mental illness was a problem in mind" (32.1％),"mental illness was due to the stimulation" (44.0％) . Multiple linear regression analysis found that the residents who were older (β=0.039, P<0.05), lived in city (β=2.073, P<0.05), worked as administrators, technicians, and waiters compared with self-employed, retired and unemployed (β: -2.350 - -1.591, P <0.05) scored higher. Conclusion The residents' awareness of mental health knowledge is low. The urban residents, self-employed, workers, farmers, are the key populations to be educated with mental health system.

To investigate whether masticatory fatigue affects the fracture resistance and pattern of lower premolars restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown, 44 single rooted lower premolars recently extracted from orthodontic patients were divided into two groups of 22 each. The crowns of all teeth were removed and endodontically treated and then restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown. Twenty-two teeth in one group were selected randomly and circularly loaded at 45° to the long axis of the teeth of 127.4 N at a 6 Hz frequency, and the other group was not delivered to cyclic loading and considered as control. Subsequently, all teeth in two groups were continually loaded to fail at 45° to the long axis of the teeth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm⋅min(-1). The mean destructive force values were (733.88±254.99) and (869.14±280.26) N for the experimental and the control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found between two groups (P>0.05). Bevel fracture and horizontal fracture in the neck of root were the major fracture mode of the specimens. Under the circumstances of this study, it seems that cyclic loading does not affect the fracture strength and pattern of the quartz-fiber post-core-crown complex.
Acid Etching, Dental ; methods ; Adult ; Bicuspid ; Bite Force ; Chromium Alloys ; chemistry ; Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Dental Stress Analysis ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Methacrylates ; chemistry ; Phosphoric Acids ; chemistry ; Post and Core Technique ; instrumentation ; Quartz ; chemistry ; Resin Cements ; chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Fractures ; physiopathology ; Tooth Root ; injuries ; Tooth, Nonvital ; rehabilitation

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel method for continuously assessing the spatio-temporal properties of locomotor activity of mice in an open field using a video-tracking system.

METHODSThe locomotor tracks in the open field were recorded by video camera within 22 h, and analyzed by AnalyPower1.1 system that we developed recently. Total distance, distances traveled in different zones and their ratios to total distance; total time,times spent in different zones and their ratios to total time were used as indicators to assess the properties of locomotor activity.

RESULTSIn free and wakeful state, the locomotor activity of mice presented obvious regional and temporal properties. Mice preferred to stay in home base (food and water zones), and frequently visited the peripheral zones but seldom the center zones within 22 h. On the other hand, mice were most active within the first 1 h, and then their activity obviously decreased. After their activity became stable, the mice showed the obvious circadian variation of the activity as they were more active in the night.

CONCLUSIONThe novel method we developed in this study can continuously assess the spatio-temporal properties of locomotor activity quantitatively and objectively.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; physiology ; Environment ; Exploratory Behavior ; physiology ; Locomotion ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity ; physiology ; Time Factors ; Video Recording

AIMTo study the dissolution rate of solid pharmaceutical preparation on-line, a multiple channel fiber-optic chemical sensor based on fluorescence multiple quenching (FOCSMQ) without filtering and sampling was made.

METHODSUsing the multiple channel FOCSMQ linked with computer, the dissolution rates of ofloxacin tablets, metronidazole tablets and nitrofurantoin tablets were monitored continuously on-line. The instrument can give the sample data, display the real time curve and calculate the T1/2 and td automatically. A computer was used to select the best function from five common fitting models to fit the dissolution curve.

RESULTSThe average recoveries of the FOCSMQ method were 97.4%-104.4%, 97.4%-103.8% and 96.6%-102.1%. The RSDs (n = 6) of within-day and between-day were less than 5%. The parameters of the dissolution and all results of measurement using the instrument have no significant difference compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) (2000) method and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) (23) method (P > 0.05). It does not need sampling and dilution, and never contaminate sample. It can shorten time of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and reliable.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; Fiber Optic Technology ; methods ; Metronidazole ; chemistry ; Nitrofurantoin ; chemistry ; Ofloxacin ; chemistry ; Optical Fibers ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Transducers

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Humans ; Liver ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To describe the social support and self-efficacy in patients with viral and hepatitis cirrhosis and to investigate the relevance of social support and self-efficacy.Methods By convenient sampling,totals of 105 patients were surveyed with social support scale,and chronic disease self-efficacy scale.Results Totals of 130 questionnaires were handed out and 105 effective questionnaires were recovered,with the rate of 80.77％.The score of social support of patients was (41.87 ± 7.47),and 61.0％ patients with moderate level,39.0％ patients with high level.Among them,subjective support score was (24.43 ± 4.08) with high level,objective support score was(10.45 ± 2.39) with low level,social support score was (6.99 ± 2.44)with moderate level.The self-efficacy score of patients was (48.53 ± 7.78).The scores of social support and its dimensions were markedly and positively correlated with self-efficacy and its dimensions and the value of correlation coefficients ranged from 0.601 to 0.835 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The level of social support in patients with viral and hepatitis cirrhosis is moderate or high,with higher subjective social support level and lower objective social support level.In all the chronic diseases,the self-efficacy in the patients is in higher level.The score of social support is markedly and positively correlated with self-efficacy,the higher social support,the stronger self-efficacy.