Objective To study the effects of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix ET Rhizoma extracts on sexual behavior of male mice.Methods 50 healthy male mice were randomly divided into the low dose, middle dose and the high dose Rhodiola group, theNanbao capsules group and the normal control group, 10 mice per group. The low dose, middle dose and high dose group were drenched with 0.05, 0.20 and 0.80 g/kg Rhodiola diluent respectively. TheNanbao capsules group mice were drenched with 2.00 g/kg turbid liquid. The normal control group were drenched with saline in the same volume. Liquid is drenched two times each day for 21 days. After 21 days, 50 female mice were matched with to the ratio of 1:1. The number of free movement and swimming test were observed before execution. After the execution, the organ indexes were calculated, and then the contents of SOD and MDA in the testis and liver were measured.Results Compared with the normal control group, capturing latency period of low dose group and middle dose group (20.88 ± 19.94 s, 35.40 ± 22.02 svs.78.11 ± 43.33 s) significantly decreased (P<0.05 orP<0.01). Testicular coefficient of the middle dose group (0.72% ± 0.10 %vs. 0.64% ± 0.08%) was significantly increased (P<0.05); the content of SOD in testicular of the middle dose group, the high dose groups and theNanbao capsules group (152.71 ± 38.10 U/mg, 122.32 ± 52.76 U/mg, 94.38 ± 22.20 U/mgvs. 25.30 ± 14.21 U/mg) increased (P<0.01); the content of SOD in liver of the middle dose group and theNanbaocapsules group (77.71 ± 26.35 U/mg, 74.10 ± 26.04 U/mgvs. 57.92 ± 17.17 U/mg) significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion Rhodiola extract can improve the ability of sexual behavior of male mice, and improve the antioxidant capacity of testis and liver.

Objective To study to take the oxidized Mannan?modified 786?0 in renal clear cell carcinom as tumor cells antigen to sensitize Dendrit?ic cells(DC)and to observe the its killing effect on renal clear cell carcinoma of CTLs induced. Methods Getting the peripheral blood mononucle?ar cells from the volunteers,and then to be stimulated to turn to be maturation by GM?CSF and IL?4 in vitro. Taking the clear renal carcinoma cell as the tumor antigen,and then making it to be modified by oxidized Mannan to acquire the tumor cell vaccine.Experimental groups include:blank group:DC?PBS group,control group:control?DC?786?0,experimental group:DC?Ox?Mannose?786?0 group. Taking the flow cytometry to detect the changes of DC phenotype,then taking the ELISA to detect the sencretion levels of supernatant of IL?12 of DC,then taking the CCK to detecte the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes(CTL)induced by DC of these experiment groups. Results Results by flow cytometry:the mature phenotype of DCs sensitized by Ox?Mannose?786?0 group included CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA?DR expressed significantly higher than the other groups. As well as the secretion levels of IL?12. Meanwhile the cytotoxicity activity of lymphocytes(CTLs)induced by DCs which are sensitized by Ox?Mannose?786?0 increased more significantly than the other groups. Conclusion Glycosylated Antigens can be more effective in sensitizing antigen?presenting cells DC,and stimulating them to be maturation,while the killing effect to tumor cells also have noticeably improved.

BACKGROUND:Evaluation of vertical jumping ability is usual y only limited to height measurements. The measurements of parameters that describe kinetic factors may provide a better assessment of a patient’s jumping ability.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the deficit in one-legged vertical jumping ability and to clarify the relationships between the maximum jumping height and the maximum power, force and velocity during one-legged vertical jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
METHODS:Twenty-five healthy subjects (10 males and 15 females) and 25 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients (10 males and 15 females) participated in this study. The isokinetic quadriceps femoris strength and one-legged vertical jumping ability were evaluated by the height, power, force and velocity in al subjects.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum height of the one-legged vertical jumps was only significantly correlated with the maximum force in the healthy subjects (P<0.05). (2) However, for the reconstructed and unreconstructed legs in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients, the maximum jumping height was significantly correlated with the maximum power, force and velocity during one-legged vertical jumps (P<0.05). (3) These findings suggest the importance of a knee strategy during one-legged vertical jumps for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Assessment of the jumping ability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may be determined by the maximum power instead of the maximum jumping height.

Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of oral folic acid (FA) intervene in hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) patients combining coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), to study the effect of blood level of Hcy on cardiac function. Methods: A total of 126 relevant patients with blood level of Hcy>15 μmol/L were randomly divided into 2 groups:Routine group, the patients received anti-platelet therapy, statins, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor antagonist and FA group, in addition to above mentioned therapies, the patients also received FA 5 mg/day. n=63 in each group and all patients were treated for 3 months. Fasting blood levels of Hcy, BNP and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were compared between 2 groups at pre- and 3 months post-treatment. Results: ① Based on NYHA classification, the patients with cardiac function at II, III, IV had accordingly increased blood levels of Hcy, BNP and LVEDD, while decreased LVEF and 6MWT, all P<0.05. ② Blood levels of Hcy were positively related to BNP (r=0.733, P<0.001) and LVEDD (r=0.511, P<0.001), negatively related to LVEF (r=-0.382, P<0.001) and 6MWT (r=-0.410, P<0.001). ③ With 3 months treatment, FA group and Routine group showed decreased Hcy level as (8.43 ± 1.87) μmol/L vs (3.29 ±1.68) μmol/L and BNP (891.84 ± 456.10) pg/ml vs (682.24 ± 463.79) pg/ml, reduced LVEDD (4.33 ± 1.231) mm vs (2.06 ± 1.73) mm, while elevated LVEF (6.59 ± 2.28) % vs (2.52 ± 2.37) % and 6MWT (142.97 ± 55.15) m vs (86.35 ± 59.06) m, all P<0.05. Conclusion: Increased blood level of Hcy is risky for HF occurrence, FA may treat HHcy and further improve the cardiac structure and function in HF patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second major neurodegenerative disease.The pathogenesis of PI) is still unclear.It is generally believed that neural damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy dysfunction caused by the transmission and aggregation of a- synuclein play an important role in the occurrence and development of PD.More and more research show- that metabolic disorder is one of the pathogenesis of PD.We examined whether overexpression of a- synuclein could induce metabolic disorder in mice and the possible mechanisms.Mice were divided into two groups: Thyl-aSYN transgenic mice (TG) and the control wild-type (WT) group.The rotarod test was used to analyze motor function in mice.We detected the body weight, plasma insulin content, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the two group mice.The morphology of islets in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, and the islets were isolated to detect the glucose- stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).The results showed that compared with the WT group, exercise tolerance of 12-month-old TG group decreased by 23.1% (P < 0.05) , body weight increased by 7% (P < 0.01), glucose tolerance decreased (P < 0.05), insulin tolerance decreased (P < 0.05), and insulin contents in the peripheral blood decreased by 20% (P < 0.05).Compared with the WT group, the levels of ce -syn proteins in the pancreas of the TG group increased by 1.32 times (P < 0.05) , the area of islets in the TG group decreased (P < 0.05 ) , the number of islets decreased (P < 0.01) , and the insulin secretion function decreased (P< 0.01).This study showed that the role of a-synuclein in PD is not limited to the damage of dopaminergic neurons, it also can affect metabolism and the morphology and function of peripheral organs, which provides a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of PD.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in matrine (MAT) induced differentiation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, and to explore its correlation to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway.

METHODSNB4 (an APL cell line sensitive to ATRA) and NB4-R1 (a resistant strain of ATRA) were observed as subjects in this study. Effects of combined treatment of 0.1 mmol/L MAT and 1 [mol/L ATRA on the differentiation of two cell lines were detected using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and flow cytometry (CD11b). Expressions of PML/RARot and PLSCR1 protein/gene were detected using Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. Meanwhile, H89, PKA antagonist, was used to observe cell differentiation antigen and changes of aforesaid proteins and genes.

RESULTSMAT combined ATRA could significantly elevate positive rates of NBT and CD11 b in NB4-R1 cells, and significantly down-regulate the expression of PML/RARapha-fusion protein/gene (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). ATRA used alone could obviously enhance the expression of PLSCRI in NB4 cells at protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01). But the expression of PLSCR1 was up-regulated in NB4-R1 cells, but with statistical.difference only at the protein level (P <0. 01). In combination of MAT, PLSCR1 protein expression was further elevated in the two cell lines (P < 0.01). Besides, there was statistical difference in mRNA expressions in NB4-R1 cells (P < 0.05). All these actions could be reversed by treatment of 10 micromol/L H89 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMAT combined ATRA could significantly induce the differentiation of NB4-R1 cells, and inhibit the expression of PML/RARalpha fusion gene/protein, which might be associated with up-regulating PLSCR1 expression.

Alkaloids ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; metabolism ; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins ; metabolism ; Quinolizines ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Tretinoin ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Up-Regulation

Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are a small group of cells found in tumors that have same self-renewing properties as nor-mal stem cells.In recent years,with continuous development of science and technology in various aspects,people's research on tumor diseases has been deepened.CSCs has been defined as a key factor in promoting tumor development,especially participating in pro-moting tumor recurrence,metastasis,chemotherapy resistance,etc.Currently,CD133 has become one of popular CSCs markers,and can be highly expressed in a variety of CSCs.CD133 is closely related to diagnosis of cancer diseases,and plays an important role in dignosis and drug targeting for gastric cancer,lung cancer,brain tumor,liver cancer,ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer.This article reviews structure,function,immune mechanism escape of CD133,signal pathway of CD133 in tumorigenesis,and correlation of CD133 with various tumors as well.

Objective To observe the effect of excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms(AES)on cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)?induced sepsis in mice. Methods Forty?eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:a sham operation group(PBS+sham group,Group A),a CLP?induced sepsis group(PBS+CLP group,Group B)and an AES treatment group(AES+ CLP group,Group C). The mice of each group were intraperitoneally injected with 25 μg of AES or PBS only as a control in a total volume of 200μl. Eight mice from each group were selected randomly for survival analy?sis of 96 hours. The other 8 mice in each group were observed for pathological changes in the lung,liver and kidney tissues by HE staining 12 h after CLP,and then determined for the detection of cytokines including TNF?α,IL?1β,IL?6,IL?10 and TGF? βin the sera by ELISA. Results The difference among the survival rates of mice in the 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2=21.16,P<0.05). Compared to Group A(100%),the survival rate of mice in Group B(0)decreased significantly(P<0.05),and also the pathological damage degrees in the lung,liver and kidney tissues of the mice in Group B increased signifi?cantly after CLP. Compared with the mice in group B,the survival rate of those in Group C(70%)increased significantly(P<0.05),and the pathological damage degrees in the lung,liver and kidney tissues of the mice in Group C decreased significantly after the treatment with AES. The differences among the levels of pro?inflammatory cytokines TNF?α(F=27.11,P<0.05),IL?1β(F=18.75,P<0.05)and IL?6(F=100.93,P<0.05)in the sera of the mice in the three groups were statistically signifi?cant. Compared with the mice in Group A,the levels of the 3 cytokines of those in Group B increased significantly(all P <0.05). However,after the treatment with AES,the levels of the pro?inflammatory cytokines of those in Group C decreased signifi?cantly(all P<0.05). The differences among the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines IL?10(F=10.88,P<0.05)and TGF?β(F=11.37,P<0.05)in the sera of the mice in the three groups were also statistically significant. Compared with the mice in Group B,the levels of IL?10 and TGF?β of those in Group C were higher after treatment with AES(both P<0.05). Conclu?sion T. spiralis AES has a therapeutic potential for alleviating sepsis induced by CLP in mice.

OBJECTIVETo study the immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the allogeneic transplantation.

METHODSForty female C57BL/6 mice and forty male BALB/C mice were respectively used as donors and recipients in skin allogenic graft model. Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group, CP group, BMSCs group , CP + BMSCs group, with 10 mice in each group. Before skin graft, high-dose abdominal injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, 2 d, q. d.) was performed in recipient mice in CP and CP + BMSCs groups. On the transplantation day, a bonus of 2 x 10(6) BMSCs from the SD rat (SD-BMSCs) were injected through the tail vein in the BMSCs and CP + BMSCs groups. The observation and HE staining of skin grafts were used. The expressions of CD29, CD34, CD45 and CD90 of cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry in order to identify BMSCs. The CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3 and Treg cells of spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine in peripheral blood of recipient mice were measured by ELISA, including TGF-beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. T cells were co-cultured with 60Co-irradiated bone marrow MSCs from different individuals. The proliferative activity of T cells were evaluated with MTT assay.

RESULTSThe skin graft survival time was significantly prolonged in the CP + BMSCs group, as compared with that in the blank control group, the CP group, the BMSCs group, respectively. Cells cultured by whole bone marrow adherent cultivation showed CD29 (99.7%), CD44+ (96.7%), CD34- (1.6%), CD45- (1.3%). Compared with the control group and CP group, the ratio of the CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ and Treg cells significantly increased in the SD-BMSCs group and CP + BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Analysis of peripheral blood by ELISA showed significant high level of TGF-beta, IL-10 and low level of IFN-gamma in BMSCs group and CP group,compared with that in control group. When co-cultured with BMSCs from different individuals, T- lymphocytes proliferation decreased apparently in SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe immunotolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the allogeneic transplantation might be associated with its effect on the proliferation of Treg cells and increasing expression of TGF-beta and IL-10, decreasing expression of IFN-gamma.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stem cell transplantation can improve heart function and prevent ventricle remodeling.At present,the adult bone marrow stem cells used for transplantation primarily included bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),and endothelial progenitor cells.The curative effects and precise mechanisms of transplantation of various bone marrow stem cells remain unknown.OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of transplantation of autologous BM-MNCs and MSCs via the coronary artery on ventricle remodeling subsequent to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled animal experiment performed at the Center for Clinical Research,Hebei Provincial People's Hospital,Electron Microscope Room,Hebei Medical University between March 2005 and December 2006.MATERIALS:Thirty-six male Jizhong pigs,were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (n = 6),infarct model group (n = 10),BM-MNC group (n = 10),and MSC group (n = 10).METHODS:Porcine autologous BM-MNCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation,and MSCs were obtained by adherence method.Prior to transplantation,both BM-MNCs and MSCs were colloidal gold labeled.Except the infract model group,pigs in the other 3 groups were developed into AMI models by oppressing the left anterior descending branch with balloon catheter.Ninety minutes after modeling,(6.0±1.3)×107 autologous BM-MNCs and (4.5±2.1)x 107 MSCs were respectively transplanted into pigs in the BM-MNC group and the MSC group via the coronary artery and cultured for 28 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Observation of pathological changes of cardiac muscle tissue by light and electron microscope;Examination of cardiac function by ultrasonograph;Detection of the number of blood vessels and apoptotic myocardial cells,and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and troponin Ⅰ and its correlation to cardiac function by immunohistochemistry;Detection of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the cardiac tissue as well as its correlation to cardiac function by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS:In the MSC group,there was proliferation of a great deal of blood vessels as well as growth of abnormal cell masses around the coronary vessels,while the BM-MNC group exhibited the "budding" of many capillary vessels.Prior to transplantation,cardiac function indices were basically similar among each group (F = 1.550,P＞0.05).Twenty-eight days after transplantation,left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the control,BM-MNC,and MSC groups than in the infarct model group (F = 5.30,P＜0.05),while endocardial fractional shortening was significantly higher (F = 10.67,P＜0.01).Compared with the infarct model group,the number of blood vessels in the infarct zone and infarct border zone was increased in the BM-MNC group (F=29.56-34.87,P＜0.01) and had no apparent change in the MSC group.In the BM-MNC and MSC groups,apoptotic myocardial cells in the infarct zone and infarct border zone were significantly reduced (F=14.31-35.34,P＜0.01 ) and troponin I expression rate was significantly increased (F=19.05,P＜0.01 ),as compared with the infarct model group.In addition,NF-κB positive rate in the infarct border zone was significantly lower in the BM-MNC and MSC groups than in the infarct model group (F=19.05,P＜0.01).VEGF gene expression level in the infarct border zone was significandy higher in the BM-MNC group than in the infarct model group and MSC group (F = 49.41,P＜0.01).bFGF gene expression level in the infarct border zone was significantly higher in the MSC group than in the infarct model and BM-MNC groups (F=4.71,P＜0.01).LVEF was negatively correlated to myocardial cell apoptosis rate and NF-κB level (r=-0.441 1,P＜0.05;r=-0.579 6,P＜0.01 ).LVEF was positively correlated to number of blood vessels,VEGF and bFGF expression (r=0.775,P＜0.01;r=0.565 1,P＜0.05;r=0.573 5,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Transplantation of both autologous BM-MNC and MSC via coronary artery can improve the condition of left ventricular remodeling subsequent to myocardial infarction.The improvement of cardiac functions is related to the increase of blood vessels,VEGF and bFGF expression,the decrease of myocardial cell apoptosis and NF-κ B level in cardiac muscle tissues after stem cell transplantation.BM-MNC transplantation better promotes blood vessel proliferation and VEGF expression in the cardiac tissue but produces worse effects on bFGF gene expression than MSC transplantation.