Malnutrition has traditionally been regarded as a global concern,especially in the developing countries. Malnutrition seems more prevalent in hospitalized patients, with potentially serious consequences, it may increase susceptibility to infection and mortality and lengthen the stays in hospital,which lead to additional health care costs. Along with the development of the screening tools,it plays an increasingly important role in the nutritional problems in adults. Recently several nutritional screening tools have been applied in pediatrics,but the lack of the universal acceptable tools is still a problem demanding prompt solution. This review aims to compare the nutritional screening tools that are currently available in clinic and their drawbacks in daily work.

AIM:To observe the efficacy, complications and ocular surface tear dynamics of the treatment for pterygium combined with conjunctivochalasis by inferior limbal-stem-cell transplantation.
METHODS: All 30 patients ( 46 eyes ) diagnosed as pterygium combined with conjunctivochalasis in our hospital from December, 2010 to December, 2012 with a mean age of 61. 2y (SD 7. 2, range 49-75) were subjected to observation. After excision of nasal pterygium, an equivalent size of conjunctival flap linked with corneal limbal stem cell from inferior limbus was transplanted to the exposed sclera. Afterwards, the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was trimmed and fixed onto surface of sclera and inferior corneal limbus. After one-year follow-up, the comparisons regarding vision acuity between pre-operation and post-operation ( 1mo later ) as well as ocular-surface tear dynamics changes including several indexes like altitude and integrity of tear meniscus, break-up time ( BUT ) , corneal fluorescein staining and chloramphenicol gestation test before and 3mo after surgery were made. The operative complications and the recurrence rates 1y after operations were recorded.
RESULTS: Median visual acuity was 0. 2 (0. 04-0. 6) before the operation and median visual acuity was 0. 4 (0-04-1. 0) 1mo after the operation. Of total 46 eyes in 21 eyes ( 45. 7%), visual acuity improved. No vision changes were found in other 25 eyes ( 54. 3%). Significant difference ( P<0. 01 ) of vision acuity before and after surgery was found. In addition, break-up time ( BUT) , corneal fluorescein staining and chloramphenicol gestation test and altitude and integrity of tear meniscus show better results 3mo after surgery than that of pre-operation, which showed statistically significant ( P <0-05). After 1y follow-up, 33 eyes (71. 7%) healed while problems in 11 eyes ( 23%) were relieved. The total efficacy rate was 95. 6%. Nonetheless, invalid surgeries were noticed in two eyes ( 4. 4%) that affected by recurrence of pterygium. The 33 eyes (71. 7%) affected by conjunctivochalasis was cured in terms of subjective evaluation and improved in 9 eyes (19. 6 %), but 4 eyes (8. 7%) exhibited no evident improvement in terms of subjective complains. Total efficacy was 91. 3%. The 41 eyes (89. 1%) were reported to be normal while 5 eyes ( 10. 9%) were revealed to be abnormal in terms of objective therapeutic evaluation. And this condition was so-call conjunctivochalasis recurrence with a recurrence rate of 10. 9%. No proliferation of granulation, narrowing inferior fornix and malfunction of eye movements was found.
CONCLUSION: Inferior - limbal - stem - cell transplantation to treat pterygium combined with conjunctivochalasis obtains better results. It proves to eradicate or relieve symptoms of patients effectively and ameliorate ocular-surface tear dynamics.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of peripheral blood parameters including immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) in monitoring the hematopoietic recovery of patients with acute myeloid leukemia aftcr receiving consolidation chemotherapy with high dose cytarabine (HDAC).Methods The peripheral blood parameters,including absolute neutrophil (ANC) and platelet (Plt) counts as well as IRF,were measured by Sysmex XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer before and after consolidation chemotherapy with HDAC in 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia.These peripheral blood parameters were further statistically analyzed and compared.Results Following consolidation chemotherapy,the median time to recovery for ANC,Plt and IRF was (9.2±2.5) days,(11.3±3.7) days and (5.0±2.6) days,respectively.In comparison with ANC and Plt recovery,IRF showed significantly early recovery (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,ANC raised preceding Plt recovery (P ＜ 0.05).However,the median recovery time of ANC,Plt and IRF showed little difference among these patients further subgrouped according to FAB and risk based classification (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IRF is an early indicator for the hematopoietic recovery of patients with acute myeloid leukemia following consolidation chemotherapy with HDAC,which could provide important clinical information to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.

0.05). Beer's law was obeyed when methanol concentration was 0-0.07 mg/ml with the correlation coefficient r=0.986. Conclusion This method was accurate and precise, which was suitable for the determination of methanol in cosmetics containing ethanol or not.

Objective To identify the molecular components involved in acquired methotrexate-resistance of human choriocarcinoma. Methods Methotrexate-resistant cell line(JAR/MTX) was derived from JAR cell line by exposed to intervally and progressively increasing higher concentration of MTX. cDNA microarray analyses of JAR/MTX and its parental cell line JAR were performed. Results JAR/MTX was established after one year with stable resistance. Its resistant index to MTX was 7.3. Nine genes were differential expressed between JAR/MTX and JAR cells. INSR,SLC1A3,SAT,HBB,and FLJ12443 were underexpressed and HS1,TXNRD1,TAGLN2,and EEF2 were overexpressed in JAR/MTX cells. Conclusion The cDNA microarray system showed that several alterations of gene expression were present in acquired methotrexate-resistance of human choriocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative infectious complications (PIC) after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using evidence based medicine to provide a basis for prediction and prevention of PIC.Methods The fixed-effects or random-effects model was performed on studies on risk factors of PIC in HCC patients published from January 1990 to May 2015 by searching the PubMed,Embase,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data.Results Fourteen studies involving HCC 5 841 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The level of serum albumin was significantly lower in the PIC group than the NPIC group (WMD =-1.80,95％ CI:-2..79 ～-0.80 ; P ＜ 0.05) ; Patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher incidence of PIC than those without diabetes mellitus (OR =1.94,95％ CI:1.27 ～ 2.95 ; P ＜ 0.05) ; Patients with operation time less than 5 h had an decreased incidence of PIC than the other group (OR =0.31,95 ％ CI:0.22 ～ 0.45 ; P ＜ 0.05).Patients with blood loss less than 2 000 ml had a lower incidence of PIC than the other group (OR =0.30,95％ CI:0.19 ～ 0.48 ; P ＜ 0.05).Patients with blood transfusion had a higher incidence of PIC than those without transfusion (OR =2.83,95％ CI:2.04 ～ 3.93 ; P ＜ 0.05).Patients with postoperative bile leakage had a higher incidence of PIC than those without bile leakage (OR =3.79,95％ CI:2.06 ～ 6.96; P ＜ 0.05).Patients after primary hepatectomy had a higher incidence of PIC than those after repeat hepatectomy,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (OR =1.52,95％ CI:0.99 ～ 2.33 ; P =0.05).Patients with tumor diameter less than 5 cm had a higher incidence of PIC than the other group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (OR=1.09,95％CI:0.76 ～1.56; P＞0.05).Conclusion A low level of serum albumin,diabetes mellitus,operation time more than 5 h,blood loss more than 2 000 ml,blood transfusion,bile leakage were risk factors for the development of PIC.

AIM:To establish a rat hyperlipidemia model for studying the aortic expression of heat shock protein 22 (HSP22), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the effect of atorvasta-tin intervention.METHODS:Hyperlipidemia model was established in SD rats.Afterwards, the rats were divided into nor-mal control group, high fat group and high fat+atorvastatin intervention group.The expression of HSP22 and TNF-αin the rat aortas was detected by immunohistochemical assay and the expression of eNOS was assessed by Western blotting.RE-SULTS:No detectable expression of HSP22 and TNF-αin the normal control group was observed.However, the expression of HSP22 and TNF-αwas positive in the high fat group and the atorvastatin intervention group.The mean densities of HSP22 and TNF-αpositive particles were significant lower in the atorvastatin intervention group as compared with high fat group ( both P<0.05) .The expression of eNOS protein in the high fat group and atorvastatin intervention group was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P<0.01).However, no marked difference of eNOS protein expression between high fat group and atorvastatins intervention group was observed.CONCLUSION:The expression of HSP22 and TNF-αin the rat aortas is increased in the hyperlipidemia rat model.This effect can be restored by atorvastatin treatment.The expression of eNOS in the rat aortas is decreased in the hyperlipidemia rat model, but this tendency could not be attenuated by atorvastatin.

BACKGROUND:Chinese herb, bushen yizhi formula protects at certain extent learning and memory in rat model of Alzheimer disease. The drug serum in this formula can alleviate neurotoxic reaction of nerve tumor cell NG 108-15 to beta-amyloid protein. In order to understand further the mechanism and compatibility of the formula, it is necessary to carry on the study on the broken formulas.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of drug serum in subgroups of broken bushen yizhi formulas on growth and differentiation of cell model of Alzheimer disease and probe into the compatibility rule of bushen yizhi formula in view of serum pharmacology.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: DME Center of Clinical Pharmacological Institute Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS:The experiment was performed in DME Center of Clinical Pharmacological Institute Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to August 2003, in which, 40 healthy male SD rats of 3 months old were employed and NG108-15 cell line was frozen-preserved.into the control, original formula group (No. 1 group) [shechuanzi (Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss), gouqizi (Lycium barbarum L.), renshen (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), heshouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), danpi (Paeonia Suffruticisa Andr.) and bingpian (Borneolum)], kidney replenishment group (No.2 group) [shechuanzi (Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss), gouqizi (Lycium barbarum L.), etc.], group for benefiting qi and nourishing blood (No.3 group)[renshen (Panaz ginseng C.A.Mey), zhishouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), etc.] and group with bingpian (Borneolum) removed (No.4 group)[Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.], heshouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) and danpi (Paeonia Suffruticisa Andr.)], 8 rats in each group. The concentrated Chinese herbal solutions of every group were applied at 10 μL/g (equal to 6 g/kg of raw herbs) for gastric infusion successively,continuously for 1 month. In the control, the physical saline solution of equal dosage was used for infusion. Two hours after the last gastric infusion in rats of each group,the blood was collected from heart after anesthesia and the serum was sepaNG108-15 cell cultured in vitro was divided into 6 groups. In the control and model group, normal rat serum was contained in proliferated culture solution. In the rest 4 groups, the drug serum of No. 1 group and 3 sub-groups was contained.Simultaneously, beta-amyloid protein 25-35 in each hole was prepared to the terminal concentration 5 μmol/L (except in the control) and the culture went on for 48 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT method was used to determine proliferated number and survival rate of cells. Simultaneously, the ratio of neurite cells to total cell count and average length of neurit were determined.icantly than the control (0.520±0.022, 0.665±0.037, P ＜ 0.01), and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result vival rate of differentiated cells: That in model group was lower significantly than the control (58.4%, 100%) and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was the most tal cell count: That in model group was lower significantly than the control [(42.95±11.42)%, (58.75±12.84)%, P ＜ 0.01] and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was rite: That in model group was shorter significantly than the control [(356.0 ±109.0), (493.8±133.0) μm, P ＜ 0.01] and that in every drug serum group was longer than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was the most significant [(486.8±79.2) μm, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The drug serum in all of bushen yizhi formula and every subgroup inhibits at certain extent the injury of beta-amyloid protein 25-35 to NG108-15 cell, but the results of each group are various. The protection of drug serum to the cell in every group is in the sequence from strong to weak as group with bingpian removed ＞ original formula group ＞ kidney replenishment group ＞ group for benefiting qi and nourishing blood. It is to expect a further study on the efficacy of group with bingpian removed.

Objective To investigate the association between mycoplasma infection and pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Methods There were 95 samples of archived embedded tissues of RCC and 60 samples of archived embedded normal renal tissues around the tumor for comparison.We detected mycoplasma hyorhinis P40 expression in archived embedded renal tissues by immunohistochemistry(IHC) with mycoplasma hyorhinis monoclonal antibody(MAb) PD4. Results Mycoplasma hyorhinis P40 was present in 64.2%(61/95 cases) of RCC and in 21.7%(13/60 cases) of the paratumor normal renal tissues in controls.The mycoplasma hyorhinis P40 expression ratio in RCC was significantly higher than that in the normal renal tissue,around the tumor(P

Objective To investigate the association between mycoplasma DNA and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods There were 95 samples of archived embedded tissues of RCC. We detected mycoplasma DNA in the tissues by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with mycoplasma universal primer. Results The mycoplasma DNA detection ratio in RCC samples was 81.1%. The samples with moderate and low differentiation had a higher mycoplasma DNA ratio (90.9%) compared with that of high differentiation samples (72.6%) (P