0.05).In 25.28% of the population in the Second Songhua River region,the hair Hg content exceeded 1 mg/kg.In 21.85% and 16.67% of the population of Wujiazhan town and Songyuan city,the hair Hg content exceeded 1 mg/kg.Conclusion In the investigated area,the level of hair mercury shows a downtrend,but there still is health risk from mercury exposure.

Objective:The clinical features,maternal and fetal outcomes and management of pregnant women with uterine malformation during the pednatal period were investigated.Methods:99 pregnant patients with uterine malformation as research group and 100 pregnant patients without uterine malformation as control group were recruited in Peking Union Medical College hospital from January 1 st in 2000 to September 30th in 2008.A retrospective study was done to compare the clinical features,matemal and fetal outcomes in these two groups.Clinical management of pregnancy with uterine malformation.Results:In the research group,the incidence of caesarean section,threatened abortion,preterm rupture of membrane,abnormal presentation,and placenta accrete were higher than those in the control group.The average fetal weight was smaller than that of control group.There were no significant differences in postpartum hemorrhage and perinatal child death in these two groups.Conclusions:Patients with uterine malformations more likely undergo C-section.Postpartum hemorrhage and other pregnant complications should be paid more attention.

Objective To assess the different protein expressions of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EM T ) markers Vimentin and E‐cadherin in craniopharyngioma ,especially at the tumour invasive front ,and correlate the findings with clinicopathological fea‐tures and patient outcomes .Methods Forty‐two craniopharyngiomas were subjected to the detection of Vimentin and E‐cadherin by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining .The relationships between expression of these markers and various clinico pathological indicators and clinical outcomes of these tumors were analyzed .Results There was statistically significant difference in the expression of Vimentin and E‐cadherin between adamantinomatous and papillary variants in whole tumor and at the tumor invasive front .The expression of Vimentin and E‐cadherin in whole tumor sections were associated with tumor recurrence , postoperative weight and hypothalamic disturbances ,and the expression of vimentin and E‐cadherin at the tumor invasive front were colligated with tumor recurrence ,postoperative weight and hypothalamic disturbances .Conclusion Our study exemplifies the po‐tential prognostic implications of Vimentin and E‐cadherin expression in craniopharyngioma .EM T may represent a crucial mecha‐nism in the progression of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma .

Objective: To observe the morphological changes of enteric deep muscular plexuses interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-DMP) in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and MODS model group. The enteric ICC-DMP network was observed using c-kit immunohistochemical staining with whole-mount preparation technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy , and the ultraslructural features of ICC-DMP was evaluated using transmission electron microscope. Results: Compared with those in control group, the distributions and densities of intestine ICC-DMP in MODS group were significantly decreased (P < 0. 05) , the ICC-DMP network was disrupted and the ultrastructural features of ICC-DMP were severely damaged. Conclusion: The ICC-DMP network was severely damaged in rats with MODS, and the mechanism of gastrointestinal dysmotility in MODS may be related to the morphological changes of ICC-DMP.

BACKGROUND:Bacterial biofilm is the main cause of the infection of the prosthesis.In vitro experiments confirmed that hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol can apparently promote the formation of staphylococcal biofilms. There are no reports on the effects of ethanol and hypertonic environment surrounding the prosthesis on the formation of biofilms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different environment factors surrounding the prosthesis on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation after replacement.
METHODS: White rabbit models infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis on the prosthesis were established, and were randomly divided into hypertonic sodium chloride, ethanol and control groups (n=15). The bacteria were injected with 0.1 mL 4% sodium chloride and 4% ethanol into the knee of rabbits in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups. The rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride in the control group. Three rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 days after inoculated with bacteria. Synovial fluid, prosthesis and tissue surrounding infection were obtained. Bacterium was cultured to extract total RNA. The ica operon transcription levels were detected in the gene levels. Adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the prosthesis was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Tissues surrounding the prosthesis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histological examination revealed that inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in al the rabbits at 4 days after injection. Colony formation was found at 16 days after injection. At 6 days after injection, inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in the ethanol and control groups. Scanning electron microscope showed that compared with the control group, the bacteria adhered to the prosthetic surface became more in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups at 6, 8 and 16 days (P < 0.05). At 6, 8 and 16 days, the expression of icaA mRNA was significantly higher in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). These data showed that the environment factors could affect the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation.

Objective To investigate the effects of over-expression of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) on in vitro invasion and lung metastasis of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.Methods Letivirus-mediated delivery of EEF1A2 was used to enhance the expression of EEF1A2 gene in human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells,the SW1990 cells stably over-expressing EEF1A2 protein (SW1990/EEF1A2 cells) were obtained,and the parent SW1990 cells and SW1990/GFP cells were used as the control,and the expressions of EEF1 A2 mRNA and protein were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.The invasion ability of cells was determined by Transwell assay.The lung metastasis model was established by injection of SW1990 cells into the tail vein.Whole lung tissues were harvested,and visible nodules on tung surface were counted macroscopically 8 weeks later.Results The EEF1 A2 mRNA expression of SW1990/EEF1A2 was 3.252 ± 0.344,which was significantly higher than those in SW1990/GFP cells (1.000 ±0.060) and SW1990 cells (0.944 ±0.041,t =2.255,2.305,P＜0.01) ; the EEF1A2 protein expression was 0.833 ± 0.050,which was significantly higher than those in SW1990/GFP cells (0.247 ± 0.035) and SW1990 cells (0.273± 0.041,t=0.572,0.559,P＜0.01).The ability of invasion of SW1990/EEF1A2 cells was (60 ±4) cells,which was sigmificantly higher than (33 ±4) cells in SW1990/GFP group and (26 ± 3) cells in SW1990 group (t =31.33,34.78,P ＜ 0.01).Furthernore,SW1990/EEF1 A2 cells had a much higher incidence of lung metastasis in nude mice than SW1990/GFP cells and SW1990 cells in vivo (100％ vs.20％,20％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EEF1 A2 over-expression can obviously increase the in vitro invasion and lung metastasis of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.

BACKGROUND:In 2004, a new biomarker sCD14-subtypes (presepsin) was found and its value was shown in the diagnosis and evaluation of sepsis. This article is a brief overview of the new biomarker. DATA SOURCES:A literature search using multiple databases was performed for articles, especially meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. RESULTS:Compared with other markers, presepsin seems to have a better sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis. Presepsin as a biom1arker is not only suitable for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but also for the assessment of its severity and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS:Presepsin has a higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis as a new biomarker, and is a predictor for the prognosis of sepsis. More importantly, preseptin seems to play a crucial role as a supplemental method in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Since there is no multicenter study on the relationship between presepsin and sepsis, further studies on the clinical values of presepsin are needed.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between ciaH, eno, pykF genes and fluoride resistance through determining the differential expressions of ciaH, eno and pykF genes of fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans cultivated in fluoride environment. Methods:The cultured Streptococcus mutans and their fluoride-resistant strains were divided into UA (Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI without NaF), FR (fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI without NaF) and FFR (fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans subcultured in BHI containing 1 g·L-1 NaF) groups.After 11 h (logarithmic phase) and 20 h (platform stage) cultivation, the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF mRNA were detected by RT-PCR method.Results:Compared with FR group, the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF mRNA in FFR group were increased both in the logarithmic phase and the platform stage(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with UA group, the expression levels of eno and pykF mRNA in FR group were decreased both in the logarithmic phase and the platform stage(P<0.01), whereas the expression level of ciaH mRNA had no significant difference in the logarithmic phase (P>0.05), but it was increased in the platform stage (P<0.01).Conclusion:Fluoride can increase the expression levels of ciaH, eno and pykF genes in fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans, indicating that these genes are related to the production of fluoride resistance.

Honeysuckle flower is a traditional herbal medicine in China Through systemically sorting and studying literature of Chinese medicine, this article pointed out that leech used by the traditional Chinese medicine in ancient time has the features of twist vine, slight purple stem with clothing hair; opposite growing leaves, ovule shape with clothing hair on both side; two flowers growing from one pedicel, labiate corolla with 3.2 cm longth, flower grows from white color to yellow color, each branch axil grows only one pedicel, the involucre is ovoid shape, and the flower season is from mid-March to mid-May. Among all species of caprifoliaceae, only Lonicera japonica Thunb. meets these botanic features. Therefore, L. japonica Thunb. should be used as the orthodox species of herbal honeysuckle flower.
China ; Flowers ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; History, Ancient ; Lonicera ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; classification

Objective To establish a diabetic rat model of hindlimb ischemia, and provide a test method for dia-betic limb ischemia and diabetic foot study.Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into three groups:the model group and control group ( n=10) , and sham operated group ( n=5) .The rats of model group were induced by intraperito-neal injection of streptozotocin ( STZ, 60 mg/kg) , with the blood glucose level over 16.8 mmol/L, while the rats of control group were injected with normal saline.All the rats had the left femoral artery and its branches ligated, and then Doppler scan blood flow analysis was performed for the two hind limbs after operation at different time points.In the meantime, the changes of body weight and blood glucose were observed.The animals were sacrificed at 21days after operation.HE stai-ning was used to observe the pathological changes of gastrocnemius and femoral arteries.Capillary density and intima hyper-plasia were examined using immunostaining for CD31 and a-SMA.Results Blood glucose of the model group rats was sig-nificantly increased as well as the quantity of urine and feces,and associated with weight loss, which were maintained for more than 21 days.The blood flow of control rats was markedly decreased immediatly after operation, reached to the lowest point after surgery, and recovered from 7 -14 days after operation.In contrast to the control group, the model group showed a marked reduction in blood flow in the ischemic hind limb.Pathological examination revealed remarkable vascular atrophy and a significantly reduced number of vessels per high power field in the gastrocnemius muscle of model group rats with respect to the control group, and the femoral arteries of model rats were more narrowed than that of the control rats. Conclusions In this study, an effective, convenient diabetic rat model of hindlimb ischemia is successfully established which will facilitate the studies of drug intervention for diabetic limb ischemia and diabetic foot in the future.