Characteristics of collapsed tibial plateau fracture determines that the joint surface must remain anatomical reduction,line of force in tibial must exist and internal fixation must be strong. However, while renewing articular surface smoothness, surgeons have a lot of problems in dealing with bone defect under the joint surface. Current materials used for bone defect treatment include three categories: autologous bone, allograft bone and bone substitutes. Some scholars think that autologous bone grafts have a number of drawbacks, such as increasing trauma, prolonged operation time, the limited source, bone area bleeding,continuous pain, local infection and anesthesia,but most scholars believe that the autologous cancellous bone graft is still the golden standard. Allograft bone has the ability of bone conduction, but the existence of immune responses, the possibility of a virus infection, and the limited source of the allograft cannot meet the clinical demands. Likewise, bone substitutes have the problem that osteogenesis does not match with degradation in rates. Clinical doctors can meet the demand of the patient's bone graft according to patient's own situation and economic conditions.
Bone Substitutes ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Ginkgo is one of the most successful cases of botanical drugs developed by modern science and technology during the past fifty years all over the world. At present ginkgo has been applied to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease widely, and has good clinical efficacy. Type 2 diabetes has been proved to be the risk equivalents of cardiovascular disease, therefore it has an important scientific significance for looking for more effective drugs of prevention and control of diabetes. To seek more efficient and safe drug from the plant medicine which has the function of regulate blood sugar and improve insulin resistance becomes a hotspot at home and abroad. Basic and clinical studies have shown the ginkgo preparations of Chinese medicine have certain regulation effect on blood sugar and insulin resistance. In this paper, we review the mechanisms and clinical applications of ginkgo preparations on diabetes and its applications during the past 10 years.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo explore correlation between lung and large intestine and the two meridians under pathological condition in the view of meridian theory.

METHODSNinety-six cases of bronchial asthma were applied palpation at the running course of 12 regular meridians under the elbow and knees and back-shu points. And abnormal reactions were recorded, the affected meridians and back-shu points were discovered.

RESULTSThe abnormal reactions most frequently appeared on the Lung Meridian, followed by the Large Intestine Meridian, the Spleen Meridian, the Liver Meridian, the Stomach Meridian and the Triple Energizer Meridian. And the unusual reaction of the back-shu points most frequently appeared on Feishu (BL 13), and Dachangshu (BL 25) and Pishu (BL 21) followed as the next two.

CONCLUSIONThe existence of correlation between the Lung Meridian and the Large Intestine Meridians under pathological condition can be proved through meridian and acupoint palpation on bronchial asthma patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiopathology ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effects of gossypol on migration in gastric carcinoma cell lines and its mechanisms. Methods Gastric carcinoma cells were treated with gossypol at different concentra-tions. The effects of gossypol on cells proliferation were measured using the MTT assay. The migration of gas-tric carcinoma cells was detected by transwell assay. The activation of Akt/β-catenin pathway and the ex-pressions of pathway related proteins ( p-Akt,β-cate-nin, cyclin D1, MMP-2, E-cadherin and vimentin ) were detected by Western blot. Results Gossypol treatment could significantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Transwell assay showed that the migration ability of
gastric carcinoma cells was significantly decreased. The inhibitory effect of gossypol on cells migration was more significant than the effect of gossypol on cells prolifera-tion. Compared with the control group, treatment with gossypol significantly suppressed the expressions of p-Akt,β-catenin, cyclin D1, MMP-2 and vimentin pro-tein, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was signifi-cantly up-regulated in gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results demonstrate that gossypol represses cell migration of gastric carcinoma cells through the down-regulation of the activity of Akt/β-catenin pathway.

Mammalian cells are prone to apoptosis when cultured in large scale for production of biopharmaceuticals. And this will reduce production duration and result in high cost of production. Apoptosis is triggered by various factors, and delicately regulated by a set of genes. Bcl-2, a component integrated in mitochondria membrane, is an important member of these genes. By maintaining the integrity of mitochondria membrane, Bcl-2 keeps cytochrome C from releasing into cytoplasm, and thus blocks the activation of caspases, and subsequent onset of apoptosis. Over-expression of Bcl-2 has proven to be useful in blocking apoptosis in various cell lines, including CHO, hybridoma, myeloma, lymphoma and insect cells. Ammonia, a metabolite of cultured cells, however, showed apparent pro-apoptosis activity. In living cells, ammonia can be utilized by glutamine synthetase (GS) to synthesize glutamine, and thus lower the concentration of ammonia in medium, and its negative effects. Glutamine is essential to living cells. If not added into medium, glutamine can only be synthesized by GS, which makes GS a qualified selection marker. This marker can be used for gene amplification by adding into medium increased concentration of MSX, an inhibitor of GS. In this study, we over-expressed Bcl-2 using GS amplification in a recombinant CHO cell line stably expressing human interferon-beta. The modified cell line, with higher expression of Bcl-2 and lower production of ammonia, exhibited good anti-apoptosis quality and higher interferon-beta production in continuous culture.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; physiology ; Biopharmaceutics ; CHO Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interferon-beta ; metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

The effects of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulation and vasopressin on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury (GI-RI) were investigated in male SD rats of which the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min and reperfused for 1 h by removal of the clamp. The results were as follows. Both electrical and chemical stimulation of the PVN obviously attenuated the GI-RI. Bilateral electrolytic lesion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) or microinjection of AVP-V(1) receptor antagonist into the NTS could eliminate the protective effect of electrical stimulation of the PVN on GI-RI. Hypophysectomy did not influence the effect of electrical stimulation of the PVN. Both vagotomy and sympathectomy could increase the effect of stimulating PVN on GI-RI. Microinjection of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) into the PVN also attenuated the effect on GI-RI. These results suggest that the PVN and AVP participate in the regulation of GI-RI and play an important role in protection against GI-RI. This protective effect of PVN on GI-RI might be mediated by activation of AVP-ergic neurons in the PVN, which release AVP from the descending projection fibers and activate the AVP-V(1) receptors on the NTS neurons. The vagus and sympathetic nerves are involved in the efferent pathway exerting their effects on GI-RI. Hypophysis does not seem to be involved in the protective effect of PVN stimulation.
Afferent Pathways ; physiology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Male ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Stomach ; blood supply ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiology ; Vagus Nerve ; physiology ; Vasopressins ; pharmacology

Humans ; Mental Disorders ; diagnosis ; Research Design ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Without serum to provide adherent factors, CHO-dhfr- cells grow in suspension when cultured in serum-free medium. Although this offers advantages in some applications, in most production systems adherent cell growth is preferable. Gene transfection, clonal selection and amplification can be easier for adherent cells; the density of immobilized cells is often higher than those in suspension culture, which results in a higher protein productivity; washout of cells by perfused medium during continuous fermentation can be avoided; for high-throughput microplate assays, adherent cells are preferred to facilitate medium changes and cell washing. It has been proved that purified vitronectin alone was able to mediate attachment and spreading of CHO cells in serum-free medium. So we constructed a tricistronic expression vector expressing Igf-1, Vitronectin and Bel-2 at the same time. The vector was transfected into CHO-dhfr- cells and one clone, namely CHO-IVB2, expressing high level of the three proteins was screened out by Western blot. The cell line showed similar apoptosis-resistant and serum-independent properties to CHO-IB, an engineered cell line constructed before. When cultured in IMEM protein-free medium without any components supplemented, CHO-IVB can grow adherently. The viable cell numbers and growth rate of CHO-IVB were much higher than CHO-IB, making CHO-IVB an apoptosis-resistant host for production of recombinant proteins which can grow adherently in protein-free medium.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Flow Cytometry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Vitronectin ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo optimize the different components proportions of the Realgar floating tablets for gastric retention by uniform design and correlation analysis.

METHODWith the different dosage of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the tablets frame matrix, uniform design and correlation analysis were used to optimize the best component proportions of formula, and to measure the dissolution of the tablets in vitro.

RESULTDissolution of the tablets in vitro was conformed to the expectation of experiment. The drug-release mechanism was by diffusion and corrosion at the same time.

CONCLUSIONThe Realgar floating tablets for gastric retention achieved the goal of design, which demand sustained release and safety.

Administration, Oral ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Hypromellose Derivatives ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Methylcellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Sulfides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effectiveness and safety of deferasirox (DFX) in the treatment of iron overload in children with β-thalassemia major.

METHODSTwenty-four β-thalassemia major children with iron overload who received regular blood transfusion were randomly enrolled. The serum feritin (SF) levels were measured in the patients after different doses of DFX treatment. The DFX treatment-related adverse events were observed. The values of cardiac MRI T2* and liver MRI T2* were compared between the patients receiving DFX treatment for 5 years and the patients treated with deferoxamine and deferiprone.

RESULTSThe patients with iron overload did not respond to DFX at the initial dose of 20-30 mg/kg•d. However, the SF level decreased significantly after the dose of DFX increased to 30-40 mg/kg•d (U=58, P<0.01). Serum liver transaminase elevation was the most common adverse effect, followed by non-progressive elevation in serum creatinine level. The mean SF level was significantly lower (1748±481 ng/mL vs 3462±1744 ng/mL; P<0.05), in contrast, the liver MRI T2* value was significantly higher (8.5±2.9 ms vs 2.7±1.9 ms; P<0.01) in patients receiving DFX treatment for 5 years than in the controls. There were no significant differences in the cardiac MRI T2* value between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSDFX can reduce SF levels in a dose-dependent manner in children with β-thalassemia major. It can significantly lower liver iron overload but not cardiac overload. Serum liver transaminase elevation and non-progressive elevation in serum creatinine level are major adverse effects in DFX treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzoates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ferritins ; blood ; Humans ; Iron Chelating Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Iron Overload ; drug therapy ; Male ; Transfusion Reaction ; Triazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; beta-Thalassemia ; blood ; complications ; therapy