AIM:To research the stability of Compound Wurenchun Soft Capsule in 18 months. METHODS:TLC and HPLC methods were used.Schizandrol A was separated on a ODS-C_(18) column(Lichrospher ODS-C_(18),(4.6 mm?250 mm),) using methyl alcohol-water (65∶35) as the mobile phase,detected at 250 nm.The velocity of flow was 1.0 mL/min.Paeoniflorin was separated on a ODS-C column(Lichrospher ODS-C_(18),4.6 mm?250 mm),using acetonitrile-water-phophoric acid(15∶85) as the mobile phase,detected at 230 nm,the velocity of flow was 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship at the range of 0.04 mg/mL-0.64 mg/mL for schizandrol A(r=0.999 8).The average recovery of schizandrol A was 98.76%(n=6,RSD=1.18%).There was a good linear relationship at the range of 0.05 mg/mL-0.80 mg/mL for paeoniflorin(r=0.999 9).The average recovery of paeoniflorin was 97.93%(n=5,RSD=1.68%). CONCLUSION:In 18 months,the quality of Compound Wurenchun Soft Capsule is steady.

Objective To investigate the effect of racecadotril granules combined with montmorillonite on infantile rotavirus enteritis and myocardium enzymogram.Methods Retrospective a total of 275 infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis treated in Seventh Hospital of Ningbo from September 2014 to January 2016,were divided into the control group and the combined treatment group according to the treatment method.The combined treatment group were treated with montmorillonite powder and racecadotril granules, the control group were treated with montmorillonite powder.The negative rate of stool were observed three days after treatment,compared the symptom relief time,the level of inflammatory cytokines and myocardial enzyme spectrum between two groups before and after treatment .Results The stool negative rate of combined treatment group ( 79.31%) higher than the control group(67.69%) after three days of treatment;the levels of IL-18,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the antiemetic time,dehydration correction time and recovery time of stool were shorter in combination therapy group than those in control group(P<0.05);there was no difference in the levels of myocardial enzyme between the two groups before treatment.The level of CK-MB,LDH,CK and AST in the two groups after treatment were lower than before treatment,and the level of CK and CK-MB in the combined treatment group was lower than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Racecadotril granules combined with montmorillonite powder has a good therapeutic effect on infantile rotavirus enteritis can significantly improve clinical symptoms, reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients.

Objective To stuay CT findings of adrenal gland trauma(AGT).Methods The CT images of adrenal gland trauma which were found in 1712 patients who had emergency abdominal CT examinations for assessment of blunt force trauma were analyzed restrospectively.Results Among 1712 cases.we identified 29 patients(1.7%)with adrenal gland traumatic lesions.A total of 32 lesions were found.Twenty-six lesions were unilateral(23 right-sided,3 left-sided),and 3 cases were bilateral(6 lesions).Main CT findings were as followed:(1)Adrenal hematomas appeared as discrete round or oval masses expanding the adrenal gland in 22 patients with 25 lesions.The lesions were hyperdense or of homogeneous density in plain scan and did not enhance in three-phase contrast-enhanced dynamic scan.The splayed adrenal limbs around hematoma were enhanced significantly as eurvilinear structures.(2)Mild to moderate uniform swelling of gland was shown in 4 cases.(3)Diffuse irregular hemorrhage obliterating the gland was shown in 3 cases.Contrast extravasation was shown in 1 case,which was active bleeding from the broken adrenal gland proven by operation.Associated CT findings included strand-like hemorrhage of the periadrenal fat and posterior pararenal hemorrhage mimicking thickened diaphragmatic crus.The concurrent injuries of ipsilateral thorax or/and abdomen were found in 25 patients.Conclusion The AGT has typical CT findings.Familiarity with characteristic CT findings of adrenal trauma is essential for the radiologist to avoid misdiagnosis.

AIM:To observe the effects and mechanisms of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4 on no-reflow phenomenon after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group , ischemia-reperfusion ( IR, treated with normal saline ) group, normal saline ischemia-reperfusion (NS-IR, treated with NS) group and HES ischemia-reperfusion (HES-IR, treated with HES) group.Myocardial infarct size and no-reflow range were determined by staining methods , and the activities of myocardial enzymes ( CK-MB, cTnI and MPO) were measured .Meanwhile , cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of the rat were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) group, NS-H/R group and HES-H/R group.Acute ischemia reper-fusion models were simulated , and the concentration of calcium ions was measured .The relative cell activity was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In HES-IR group, the myocardial in-farct size, the no-reflow zone, CK-MB, cTnI and MPO activity were all significantly lower than those in IR group ( P<0.05).In microvascular endothelial cells , the concentration of calcium ions and the apoptotic rate in HES-H/R group were significantly decreased, while the relative cell activity increased compared with H/R group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HES reduces no-reflow in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion .The mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of both the infiltration of neutrophils and the calcium overload of endothelial cells .

Objective To observe the effect of stress on the rapid component of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 each): control group (Ctrl), exhaustive group (ES), noise group (WN) and composite group (ES+WN). Stress animal models were prepared as follows: Rats in ES group were undergoing exhaustive swimming as the stress factor, in WN group undergoing white noise and in ES+WN group undergoing exhaustive swimming + white noise as the stress factor. Langendorff device was used to reversely perfuse collagenase for isolating the rat's ventricular myocytes. The effect of stress on IKr current and gating mechanism of single ventricular myocyte was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results Compared with the Ctrl group, the tail current density of IKr (IKr,tail) of ventricular myocytes increased significantly in ES group and WN group (P<0.01). The IKr,tail current density of the ventricular myocytes in ES+WN group was significantly higher than that in ES group and WN group (P<0.01), and the effect was voltage dependent. Gating mechanism revealed that the half inactivation voltage of IKr,tail (V1/2,inact) can be shifted to the right in ES group, WN group and ES+WN group when compared with the Ctrl group, and the recovery time constant shortened after inactivation (P<0.01). However, the steady-state activation, fast inactivation constant and voltage dependence of IKr,tail were not statistically significant in ES group, WN group and ES+WN group when compared with the Ctrl group. Conclusion Stress increases the IKr current in rat cardiomyocytes, suggesting it be one of the electrophysiological bases of stress-induced arrhythmia.

Aim The expression of NF-?B activation and the effect of antioxidant (N- acetylcysteine, NAC) on NF-?B activity in human airway epithelial cell was assessed. Methods Using the TNF-?,the airway epithelial cell strains of normal subject(16HBE) and tumor patient (H292) was activated and using Western-Blot and ELISA the expression of NF-?B and IL-8 were detected. Results It was found that the activity of NF-?B could be stimulated by the TNF-? and increase with the amount of TNF-? with the peak occurring at 2 to 4 hours after stimulation and then decreasing at six hours. At the same time, the level of IL-8 was elevated, but decreased with inhibition of NF-?B activity by NAC, that means the action of NAC has a dose-dependent effect. Conclusion NAC not only blocks the signal transmission activated by NF-?B, but also anticipates the transcription modulation of expression of many cell factors and inflammatory mediums. It suggests that NAC may play a role in the anti-inflammatory treatment of respiratory diseases.

To study the chemical constituents of the 95% ethanol extract of Psidium guajava. Compounds were separated by using a combination of various chromatographic methods including silica gel, D101 macroporous resin, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral data Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as (+) -globulol (1), clovane-2beta, 9alpha-diol (2), 2beta-acetoxyclovan-9alpha-ol (3), (+) -caryolane-1 ,9beta-diol (4), ent-T-muurolol (5), clov-2-ene-9alpha-ol (6), isophytol (7), tamarixetin (8), gossypetin (9), quercetin (10), kaempferol (11), guajaverin (12), avicularin (13), chrysin 6-C-glucoside (14), 3'-O-methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyellagic acid 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (16), guavinoside A (17) and guavinoside B (18). Compounds 2-9 and 14-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The ethanol extract showed 61.3% inhibition against the proliferation of colon cancer cell line SW480.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Psidium ; chemistry

AIM: To explore the effect of atorvastatin on the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventi-tia of ApoE-/-mice with atherosclerosis, and to investigate the underlying mechanism of atorvastatin therapy.METHODS:Male ApoE-/-mice (n =40) at 6-weeks of age were used to establish the atherosclerosis model by feeding with high fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into model group and atorvastatin group.In atorvastatin group, the mice were lavaged with atorvastatin at dose of 20 mg? kg-1? d-1 .The mice in model group were given normal saline.C57BL/6 mice of the same age served as control group, feeding with ordinary food.The mice were respectively sacrificed at the time points of 10 and 15 weeks after feeding with different diets.The ascending aorta was removed for serial sectioning.Some sections were per-formed with Movat staining in order to observe the morphological changes of the tissues, and to measure the relative athero-sclerotic plaque area and the thickness of the adventitia.Some sections were stained with Sirius red to identify the collagen synthesis.Immunohistochemistry assay was prepared to observe the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the adventitia at different time points.The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in the thoracoabdominal aorta was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with model group, the formation of plaque in atorvastatin group signifi-cantly descended.Meanwhile the adventitial thickness and collagen synthesis also decreased.The results of immunohisto-
chemical staining showed that compared with 10 weeks-model group, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group was in-creased.The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in atorvastatin group decreased significantly compared with model group. The expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA and protein levels in model group were higher than those in control group.They de-creased in atorvastatin group compared with model group.Compared with 10 weeks-model group, the mRNA and protein of TGF-β1 in 15 weeks-model group were increased.CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin modulates adventitial fibroblast phenotype differentiation by suppressing expression of TGF-β1 and intervenes atherosclerotic development in ApoE.

Objective To study the effect of exogenous rhBMP-2(recombinant human bone morpho- genetic protein-2)on the expression of endogenous TGF-?1 during osteogenesis in rabbits.Methods After successfully duplicating experimental rabbit skull defect model,we detected and analyzed the expression of en- dogenous TGF-?1 of the pericranium in different stages by using immunohistochemieal method in both the ex- perimental group and the control group.Results In the experimental group a lot of mesenchymal cells with positive expression of endogenous TGF-?1 of the pericranium aggregated in duramater in the early stage after operation,and the expression level increased rapidly with the differentiation of mesenchymal cells,and reached the peak at 17,19 day postoperation.Positive cell number of TGF-?1 of pericranium was statistically analyzed in both groups at 7,15,21 days,showing significant difference(t-test,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion Exogenous rhBMP-2 can induce and enhance the expression of endogenous TGF-?1 during osteogenesis.

Neurodegenerative diseases are threating our health seriously.Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and development of neurodegenerative diseases, and its primary characteristics are the activation of microglia and the increasing level of inflammation cytokines.This review describes the relationship between neuroinflammation and several neurodegenerative diseases, and the models in vivo and in vitro.In addition, combining with traditional Chinese medicines knowledge of encephalopathy, we summarizes pharmacological effects and mechanisms of multiple herb extracts and monomer compounds in preventing the activation of microglia and inhibiting neuroinflammation, thus, to provide the basis for gradually revealing the related rules and characteristics of treating encephalopathy by traditional Chinese medicine, and improving the accuracy of the clinical drugs, as well as developing new drugs for the prevention and control of encephalopathy.