Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Particle Size ; Titanium ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

Objective To study the biological exposure limit in bone metabolism damage caused by coexposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning in exposed population.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight cases of fluoride and arsenic co-exposed people from Liuchang village,Qinzhen city,Guizhou province were enrolled in the study.Urinary fluorine (UF),urinary arsenic (UAs),urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP),ross-linked Ntelopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected.BMDS Version 2.1 software was used to calculate UF,UAs benchmark dose (BMD) and its lower confidence limit (BMDL) on the damage of bone metabolism caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning.Results The BMD and BMDL range of UF caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 0.68-1.35 mg/g Cr,0.57-1.11 mg/g Cr.The BMD and BMDL range of UAs caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 8.36-18.77 μg/g Cr,7.12-15.40 μg/g Cr.Conclusion The biological exposure limits of UF and UAs for bone metabolism toxicity are proposed as 0.57 mg/g Cr and 7.12 μg/g Cr in co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic from coal burning,respectively.

The authors tried to combine the theoretical learning with experimental and clinical teaching by adding teaching materials of public opinion,head-simulator,typical cases,clinical practice,examination of clinical operation skill,and make up with deficiency to some extend in current pattern of stomatology teaching. The results have showed that the pattern of experimental teaching not only raises the students'activity,consolidates their basic knowledge,develops their clinical thinking ability,but also increases their ability of clinical operational skill before clinical training.

Objective To evaluate the expression of Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF-8) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in placentas and their relationship with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE).Methods Twenty-two women with PE (mild PE:4 cases; severe PE:18 cases) who received cesarean sections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2011 to March 2012 were recruited as the PE group (n =22).And twenty women who received elective term cesarean section without perinatal complications were chosen as the control group (n =20).Placentas were collected and immunohistochemical SP method were employed to detect the localization of KLF-8 protein.KLF-8 mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR technique and western blot analysis was used to quantify KLF-8 and MMP-9 protein levels.Results (1) There was no difference of KLF-8 protein distribution in placentas of the PE group and the control group.It was mainly located in the nuclear and cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts.KLF-8 immunostaining was apparently decreased in the placentas of preeclamptic women when compared with the control group.(2)The KLF-8 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in placentas of the PE group (0.69 ±0.08) compared to those of the control group (1.14 ±0.09,P ＜0.01).(3) KLF-8 and MMP-9 protein levels significantly decreased in the PE placentas (0.68 ±0.05 and 0.21 ± 0.03) when compared to the control group (0.94 ± 0.06 and 0.34 ± 0.03,respectively,P ＜ 0.01).(4) There was a positive correlation between the expression of KLF-8 and MMP-9 protein in the placentas from PE and normal pregnancies (r =0.64,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions KLF-8 mRNA and protein levels were decreased in placentas of PE patients compared to those of normotensive women.KLF-8 protein was primarily located in the invasion-related trophoblast cells and its expression had a positive correlation with MMP-9 levels.KLF-8 might have an important role in the pathogenesis of PE by regulation of trophoblast invasion.

Using the tissue culture technology to achieve the fast propagation of P.ternata and through the photosynthetic characters and yield comparison,two high-yield indivaduals were obtained. The result showed that the coefficent of propagation can get to 1∶6.23 per generation, through 3 month culture the average diameter of the in vitro tuber can get 0.88 cm. P.ternata was a typical shade-plant, of which LCP was only 700?mol?photons/s?m2. Photo-inhibition was observed among all the three leaf-types of P.ternata, and the willow leaf type showed the most obvious photo-inhibition. Both of the light response Pn curve and single tuber weight were significant different among leaf styles. Result for studying the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that all the difference of NPQ, qP and qN among three leaf-types of P.ternata were significant and the difference of potential-photosynthetic productivity among them was significant. The willow leaf style had the strongest light-tolerance capacity.The individuals of T2(peach-leaf type) had the highest Pn and single tuber weight among 11 superior individuals and the individuals of L2(willow-leaf type) showed the strongest light-tolerance capacity. Through 6 month propagation ten thousands in virto tuber of T2 and L2 each were gotten. And after growing in Wenzhou experimental base for one year, the total gross weight of the high-yield individual tuber get to 100kg each.

Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has conducted pharmaceutical botany extracurricular activities such as the experiment skill competition,fieldwork,specimen preparation,resources investigation,database construction,pharmaceutical plants cultivating and participating in scientific research projects etc.These activities have improved the students' learning enthusiasm,strengthened the effect of first classroom teaching,and have played a positive role especially in improving students' experimental skills and cultivating their innovative thinking and abilities,and improving teachers' quality.

Objective With various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intra-amniotic injection in pregnant rats to establish histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) model,and to determine the effects of HCA on fetal lung maturation and development in preterm fetal rats.Methods Thirty pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups.On 19 days of gestation,rats in three model groups (n=8) were given intra-amniotic injection of LPS 2,8,10 μg,respectively,and those in the only one control group (n=6)was given normal saline (NS) 40 μl.Fetal rats were taken out 48 hours after LPS injection.Placenta,fetal membrane,fetal lung and umbilical cord were collected for pathological examination.mRNAs of surfactant protein (SP)-A,B and C and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in lung were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain preaction.KGF protein expression in lung was measured by immunohistochemistry.Morphologic observation of lung was performed on postnatal day 3.R× C table Chi-square test,KruskalWallis test and analysis of variance were used as statistical methods.Results (1) Fetal rat mortality in control,LPS2,LPS8 and LPS10 group was 0.0％ (0/55),22.5％ (18/80),51.4％ (36/70) and 87.5％(35/40),respectively,which increased with increasing dose of LPS (x2=46.183,P＜0.005).(2) HCA,fetal lung inflammation and umbilical vasculitis were induced in LPS groups,and the severity was dosedependent (fetal lung inflammation:Hc=39.84,HCA:Hc=41.13,umbilical vasculitis:Hc=41.52,all P＜0.01).(3) The expression of SP-A,SP-B,SP-C and KGF mRNAs in the four groups (control,LPS2,8,10) had statistical differences (SP-A mRNA:0.99±0.28,2.48±0.34,1.09±0.31 and 0.09±0.09,F=78.051; SP-B mRNA:0.99±0.34,2.23±0.53,1.49±0.51 and 0.14±0.06,F=28.327; SP-C mRNA:1.20±0.39,2.00±0.20,1.04±0.37 and 0.12±0.16,F=39.546; KGF mRNA:0.97±0.19,2.18±0.61,0.93±0.09 and 0.21±0.11,F=37.544; all P＜0.01).All mRNA expressions in LPS2 group were higher than those in the control group and those in LPS10 group was lower (all P＜0.05).(4) The expression of KGF protein in LPS2 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (0.60±0.20 vs 0.28±0.12,0.37±0.22,0.24±0.12,F=17.280,all P＜0.01).(5) Alveolarization was significantly inhibited in LPS8 group on postnatal day 3,and less maturity of pulmonary tissue was observed.Conclusions Various doses of LPS intra-amniotic injection in rats could induce HCA,fetal lung inflammation and umbilical vasculitis with different degrees.Histological inflammation would be worse with increasing LPS dosage.Moderate inflammation could promote lung maturation without inducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and KGF may play a role in this process.

· AIM: To investigate the effect of β1-integrin overexpression on the apoptosis of rabbit corneal epithelial cells and the related mechanism. · METHODS: The plasmid expressing β1-integrin-GFP fusion protein was constructed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and this plasmid (β1 group) or the empty vector (mock group) was transfected into rabbit corneal epithelial cells, respectively. The expression of β1-integrin-GFP fusion gene was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The adhesion of transfected cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was determined by adhesion assay. The apoptosis of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was assayed by Hoechst 33342 staining and DNA ladder. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was examined by Western blot. · RESULTS: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells overexpressing β1 -integrin-GFP fusion gene were successfully established. Compared with mock group, β1-integrin transfection significantly promoted the adhesive of rabbit corneal epithelial cells to ECM proteins such as laminin, fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅳ. Β1-integrin overexpression inhibited apoptosis and induced MAP kinase phosphorylation in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (P<0.05).· CONCLUSION: These data suggest that overexpression of β1-integrin confers resistance to apoptosis in rabbit corneal epithelial cells, and MAP kinase pathway may play an important role in this process.

Purpose To investigate the influence on shear wave velocity (SWV) by different probe frequency, scanline angle and ROI depth. Materials and Methods The elasticity QA Phantoms was used in the study. First the SWV was measured by curve probe at depths of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm and 8 cm. The scanline angle changed from 0°from midline, 1°-15°, 16°-30°and 31°-45°. Then the SWV was measured again by using line probe at depths of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm. The measured data were analyzed statistically. Results The SWV showed difference by using the two probes (P<0.05). As depth increased, the measurement by curve probe changed from overestimate to underestimate, while the measurement by line probe always showed underestimate from standard value. When the curve probe was used, the angle and depth affected SWV interactively (F=85.87 and 35.96, P<0.01), and had interactive effects (F=17.63, P<0.01). When the scanline angle was within 15°, the angle had little inlfuence upon the measurement. When the scanline angle was 0 °, the measurement was the closest to the standard value at the depth of 4 cm, and the maximum deviation occurred at the depth of 5 cm. The inlfuence of depth upon measurement had signiifcant difference when the line probe was used (P<0.05). The measurement was the closest to the standard value at the depth of 1 cm, and the maximum deviation occurred at the depth of 4 cm. Conclusion Factors like probe frequency, scanline angle and ROI depth can affect the SWV. When the curve probe is used, the accurate measurement occurs at the depth of 4 cm when the scanline angle is within 15°. When the line probe is used, the accurate measurement occurs at the depth of 1 cm.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate feasibility and effectiveness of pedicle screw bi-cortical fixation in lumbar spondylolisthesis or destabilization of aged people. METHODS: The statistical significance of the distance between the anterior edge of vertebral body and the anterior major blood vessels at the level of pediculus arcus vertebrae by CT scan at random were measured and analyzed. 82 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis or destabilization, aged 65 years (range 51 to 75 years), including 35 males and 47 females, were treated pedicle screw bi-cortical fixation, with the anterior edge of the vertebral body penetrated by one screw thread. The function was evaluated by Macnab backleg pain scale standards. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the distance of the anterior edge and the major vessels between the old and the young (P< 0.05). All the 82 cases were operated successfully, and the mean time was 145 minutes and the mean amount of bleeding was 530 mL. The 43 cases including 15 males and 28 females were followed up for 18 months (range 3 to 53 months). There was one case of rupture of the spinal dura mater with no sequela after the suture. There were 3 cases of transient paralysis and pain of lower limbs, which were alleviated after 2 months' treatment. No complications of nerve root or vessel injuries were found. All incisions healed well at the primary stage. The lumbocrural pain of all 43 cases was alleviated to a certain content. There were 31 cases of excellent, 10 of good, and 2 of fair; the excellent and good rate was 97%. CONCLUSION: It is feasible and safe to treat the lumbar spondylolisthesis or destabilization in the old with the pedicle screw bi-cortical fixation.