High-quality medical talents must possess high accomplishment of logical thinking,but the current logic thinking standard of medical students is far from the needs of modern medical development.Therefore,setting up of a "logical thinking training" course for medical students is necessary and significant for the innovation,diagnosis,nursing care and management of modern medicine.The theoretical and practical conditions for the new course are both mature with feasibility.

Objective To observe the regulation effect of transforming growth factor alpha(TGFα) on expression of glutamate transporter(GLAST)and ingestion activity of retinal M(u)ller cells in mice.Methods To take the retinal tissue of Kunming mouse at postnatal 7～10 day.and then cultured M(u)ller cells according to literature.The 3～4 generation cultured cells of the same primary cell were divided into two groups at random:①TGFα group:maintained in different concentrations of TGFα as 50,75,125 and 150 ng/ml,3 holes in each concentration;②Control group:cultured by Eagle culture medium which improved from Dulbeccon and contained 20%fetal calf serum.The influence of different concentrations TGFα on GLAST activity in M(u)ller cells were observed by L-3H-glutamate uptake detection;the expression of GLAST mRNA in M(u)ller cells was determined by RT-PCR;the expression of GLAST protein was detected with immunocytochemical staining.Results With the increase of TGFα concentration.both L-3H-glutamate uptake and GLAST mRNA expression were increased.The L-3H-glutamate accumulation had got to the maximum uptake at concentration of 125 ng/ml,which was 266% of that in control group,meanwhile,the expressions of GLAST mRNA also got to the maximum as 4 times of control group.Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the effect of 125ng/ml TGFα on expression of GLAST protein was higher than that in the control group,the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion TGF-α can increase GLAST activity through up-regulating the expression of GLAST mRNA and protein.

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have became the hot spot in cell tissue engineering,cell replacement therapy,gene therapy and transplant research fields. Recent studies have shown that changes in oxygen concentrations affect many biological characteristics of MSCs. Under different oxygen concentrations,MSCs have different proliferation,differentiation,migration and chemotoxis abilities. Hypoxia is a kind of common pathophysiological status,which can promote the proliferation,apoptosis,migration and chemotoxis abilities of MSCs,while hypoxia impacts the differentiation ability depending on different cell types. The mechanism of these response might be involved in hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) ,chemokines and their receptors,and matrix metalproteinases. Hypoxia can activate HIF-1 signaling pathway,which upgrades the expression of stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1) ,and forms microenvironments which stem cells are adapted to and grow in. SDF-1 increases the adhesion,migration and homing of circulating CXCR4-positive progenitor cells to ischemic tissue,and promotes degradation of extracellular matrix,then enhances the migration ability of MSCs by modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and its protein as well.

Basic research program is essential to the investigation of the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment for these diseases. With increasing support of research grants at various levels, basic research in ophthalmology has gained great achievement in China in recent years. A number of studies have recently been published in well known peer-review international journals and won the State Scientific and Technological Progress Awards. However, we have to keep it in mind that basic research in ophthalmology should be improved qualitatively meanwhile, the imbalance in basic study among different areas needs to be resolved in the near future.

Human bocavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Neonatology ; Research Report

Acetates ; urine ; Chromatography, Gas ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans

EML4-ALK fusion gene is a new molecular type of non-small cell lung cancer,which is formed by inversion of two gene segments on chromosome 2.Up to now,9 subtypes have been found and all of them have deteriorated and carcinogenic abilities. The detection rate of this fusion gene is much higher in patients who have adenocarcinoma,never or seldom smoke and lack EGFR/KRAS mutation.This fusion gene codes ALK tyrosine kinase,that abnormally phosphorylates downstream products through signaling pathways,leading to canceration.Therefore,the specific inhibitors which target this fusion gene could inhibit its expression and have good treatment effect.At present,the relevent inhibitors which are undergoing clinical trials are PF02341066 and TAE684.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of nose jejunal tube (NJT) and nasogastric tube (NGT) in providing early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods Forty patients with severe craniocerebral injury and required early enteral nutrition were equally and randomly divided into NJT group and NGT group based on the tube type. The biochemical indicators, gastrointestinal tract tolerance, and complications were compared between these two groups. Results Serum albumin, blood glucose, and lymphocyte count were not significantly different between these two groups before and immediately after nutritional support (all P ＞0. 05). However, 14 days after nutritional support, the blood sugar level significantly decreased compared with the baseline levels in the NJT group (P =0. 0001). The incidences of reflux (P = 0. 001) and abdominal distension (P =0.011) were significantly lower in NJT group than in NGT group. Conclusion NJT is superior to NGT in providing early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral injury.

Objective To discuss the value of video-assisted thoracoscopic repair in the treatment of pectus excavatum in children.Methods Thoracoscopic sternum elevation with an internal steel bar(Nuss procedure) was performed in 45 children with pectus excavatum.Preoperatively,a curved steel bar was prepared and the site of incision and the lowest part of the depression were labeled with methylene blue.Under right-sided thoracoscopic vision,the bar was inserted into the retrosternal tunnel thereby correcting deformity. Results The steel bar was placed safely in all the 45 patients.The operation time was 35~80 min(mean,60 min).The intraoperative blood loss was less than 5 ml.The length of postoperative hospital stay was 4~10 days(mean,7 days).Forty children were followed for 3~30 months(mean,16.5 months).Short-term complications included pneumothorax in 1 patient and pneumonia in 1 patient.Long-term complications included bar shift after 1 year in 1 patient and persistent sternal pain in 2 patients(which had been cured by oral and local analgetic administration).The bar had been removed in 10 children,all of whom had good cosmetic results.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic Nuss procedure is safe and effective in the management of pectus excavatum in children,with advantages of short operation time,simple performance,satisfactory cosmetic results,and fewer complications.

Excessive medical treatment goes against the human rights of patients and therefore must be stopped.Main reasons include the impulse of existing medical benefit mechanism,the morality decline of medical staff,and patients' eagerness to shake off physical pain and psychological advocating for high-cost medical expenditure.This paper also comes up with relevant countermeasures including reversing the current healthcare mechanism,establishing an evaluation system for medical ethics of medical staff,and building up a monitoring mechanism for the development of clinical guidelines of evidence-based medicine.