Objective To investigate the causes of nutritional risks among inpatients in middle and small hospitals in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Methods All the screened subjects were surveyed through classified collection of medical records and telephone follow-up. Factors including education background of patients and their family members, career, income, residence, medical payment methods, grade of hospital, and awareness of nutrition were analyzed. Results Lower education background of patients and their family members,less income, and self-funded health care payment were significantly associated with higher nutritional risks ( P ＜0. 01 ). The scores of malnutrition risks were significantly lower in patients whose careers were involved with culture, education and health and in patients whose family members had higher education levels (P ＜ 0.01 ). The nutrition risk was also significantly higher in patients from the rural areas than those from urban areas ( P＜0.01 ). It was also significantly higher in middle and small hospitals than in tertiary hospitals ( P＜0.01). Patients who had good awareness of nutritional knowledge had significantly lower incidence of nutritional risk (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Low education level and poor economy in Guangxi are the main reasons for high nutritional risks.

Objective To observe the apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal in deep muscular layer ( ICC-DMP ) of small intestine in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) as a result of bacterial peritonitis, and the expression of c-kit ( an ICC phenotype marker ) and Bax/Bcl-2, in order to investigate the mechanism of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction in MODS. Methods According to the random number table, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group ( n=20 ) and MODS group ( n=20 ). The MODS model in rats was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 8×108 cfu/mL Escherichia coli suspension 1 mL, and the control group was given the same amount of normal saline. After 24 hours, the upper small intestine was harvested for examination. Ultrastructure of ICC-DMP was observed using electron microscope. The network structure of ICC-DMP and the expression of c-kit and Bax/Bcl-2 were observed and determined with immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscope. Results Macroscopic observation revealed that the gastrointestinal motility of rats was normal in the control group. Compared with the control group, gastro intestine was significantly expanded with parulytic ileus in MODS group. It was shown by transmission electron microscopy that intermediate filament structure of ICC-DMP was clear without swelling of mitochondria; chromatin distributed uniformly with small amounts of heterochromatin aggregated in perinuclear. Compared with the control group, intermediate filament structure of ICC-DMP was fuzzy, and mitochondria were swollen obviously in MODS group;chromatin was assembled in nucleus centre. It was shown by laser scanning confocal microscope that the network structure of ICC-DMP was clear, the expression of c-kit and Bcl-2 was strongly and overlapping;the expression of Bax was weak and scatter distributed. Compared with control group, ICC-DMP quantity in MODS group was significantly reduced ( cells/HP: 15.80±2.30 vs. 25.70±3.97, t = 6.819, P = 0.000 ), and ICC network was incomplete. The expression of c-kit and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased as compared with control group [ c-kit ( fluorescence intensity ):129.56±36.90 vs. 307.23±40.07, t=10.314, P=0.000;Bcl-2 ( fluorescence intensity ):103.23±25.19 vs. 378.92±43.79, t=17.259, P=0.000 ], whereas, the expression of Bax was significantly increased ( fluorescence intensity:270.94±36.98 vs. 92.57±20.92, t=-13.277, P=0.000 ). Conclusion The mechanism of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction in MODS maybe closely related to ultrastructural damage of ICC-DMP, changes of c-kit phenotypic and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

In this study,we presented data that K562,YAC-1 and LAC-1 cells or tumor-membrane-associated protein could stimulate BCG-treated macrophages from BALB/c mice to produce cy-totoxic factor (M?-CF). CF-inducing activity of K562 membrane or tumor cells remainde afterheat-treated at 100℃ for 20 min, but decreased by trypsin digestion or NaIO_4 oxidixa-tion. Thisactivity was also hibited by ConA or D-Man, but not by Gal. and Giu. The results suggested thatgiycoprotein containing D-Man on tumor cell surface was responsible for traggering M?s toproduce CF.

Based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical experience, traditional Chinese herbal drug toxicity has its own special connotation. From the perspective of history and logic, the different comprehension of toxicity between Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine was discussed after retracing the meaning of "drug toxicity" in traditional Chinese medicine. The authors suggest that it's not feasible to study the Chinese medicine coping mechanically and applying indiscriminately the concept and the research idea about modern drug toxicity since there is different understanding of "drug toxicity" between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Many control elements are involved in the use of traditional Chinese herbal drugs, and Chinese drug components and actions are complex as compared with Western drugs. More and more drugs with toxicity will be found due to the relativity of drug toxicity. Currently, the study of Chinese drug toxicity should pay more attention to the relation between the toxicity and Chinese drug nature, compatibility and the corresponding disease or syndrome pattern after making definition of Chinese drug toxicity and its connotation.

The treatment of spinal cord injury is always a stubborn problem for neurosurgeons because nerve cell cannot regenerate by itself and the glia scar can prevent the axonal regeneration. Therefore, to decrease the neuron death and formation of scar and to increase axonal regeneration are the keys for clinical treatment. Many studies showed that the olfactory ensheathing cells(OEC) can promote axonal regeneration and prover axonal growth,bringing hope for treament of spine injury, but the result is not satisfactory in clinic. In order to improve the clinical effect of OES transplantation many studies combine it with genetic engineering and tissue engineering and some progress is made.

Depression is an emotional disorder characterized by significant and persistent depression, and it is a serious mental disorder with high incidence rate, high disability rate and high suicide rate. Suicide is the most dangerous clinical symptom of depression, causing great harm to individuals, families and society. At present, the prevention of suicidal behavior in patients with depression mainly depends on the experience of clinicians, but there is a lack of an accurate predictive model. Understanding the neurobiological basis of suicidal behavior in patients with depression will help to effectively prevent suicidal behavior in patients with depression and reduce the social burden. In recent years, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has been used to explore the neuroimaging charictristics for the depression patient with or without suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior. It mainly involves the abnormal changes of orbitofrontal lobe, temporal parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, striatum and other brain regions, and brain core cognitive network, especially prefrontal limbic system.It is clear that abnormal changes of brain structure or function were significantly associated with suicidal severity in depression patients. More studies are needed to explore the changes of brain structure and function in depression patients with suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior, and look for thepotentially neuroimaging markers that can be used to identify whether depression is accompanied by suicidal ideation/behavior in the early clinical stage.

Objectives To conduct nutritional risk assessment analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in children and to explore rational and feasible nutritional intervention. Methods The information of children with hand-foot-mouth disease in three hospitals in Guilin area was collected by ifxed-spot continuous sampling. Inquiry investigations, physical mea-surements combined with clinical diagnosis were undertaken, and nutritional risk assessment and management were con-ducted by the malnutrition screening tool of children (STAMP scoring). Those with STAMP scores ≥4 were considered at high nutritional risk. Nutritional risk reassessment was conducted on children with high nutritional risk after nutritional intervention and management. Results A total of 192 children with hand-foot-mouth disease were selected. The occur-rence rate of high nutritional risk was 68.75%(132/192). The hospitalization time of patients with high nutritional risk was prolonged and the hospitalization expense was increased apparently. The nutritional support treatment and nutritional edu-cation were undertaken on the children with high nutritional risk. The incidence of high nutritional risk from admission to discharge decreased from 68.75%to 36.98%(P<0.05). The clinical outcomes of those children accepting nutritional inter-vention were signiifcantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusions The occurrence and prognosis of hand-foot-mouth disease is closely related to the nutritional status of children, so nutritional risk assessment, nutritional intervention and management should be performed as early as possible.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of local prophylactic application of methotrexate(MTX) in laparoscopic linear salpingostomy. Methods The data of 102 women with confirmed unruptured tubal pregnancy and desire to conceive were collected.They were divided into two groups: the study group(local application of MTX in the operation,n=51) and the control group(without application of MTX,n=51).The demographic data,the incidence of persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP)postoperation,and the hysterosalpingography(HSG) 3 months(postoperation) were analysed,and the side effects of the study group were observed. Results There was 1 case of PEP in the study group and 9 cases in the control group(2.0% vs 17.6%,P0.05).There were no obvious side effects such as nausea,vomit and dental ulcer in the study group. Conclusion Patients who were treated with local MTX injection during the laparoscopic linear salpingostomy present less incidence of PEP with no obvious side effects.

Objectives To validate the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) in hospitalized pediatric patients, and to assess the nutritional status and nutritional risk using STAMP. Methods the nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients was investigated by adopting STAMP. The STAMP score≥4 was deifned as a high standard of nutritional risk. Results Among 1 506 hospitalized children, children with high nutritional risk accounted for 26.56%. The overall prevalence of malnutrition and stunting was 19.12%and 10.16%, respectively. There was signiifcant diffe-rence in stunting among each department (P<0.05), which was the highest in department of internal pediatrics. The proportion of patients receiving nutritional support was 10.09%. Among them, the rate of parenteral and enteral nutrition support was 7.84%and 2.92%, respectively. The ratio of parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition was 2.68:1. After intervention to hospitalized pa-tients with high nutritional risk, the overall prevalence of high nutritional risk decreased from 26.56%at admission to 21.71%at discharge (P<0.05). Conclusions STAMP can objectively relfect the possible malnutritional risk in hospitalized pediatric patients. The nutrition condition of the pediatric patients can be improved through nutritional risk management.