Evoked muscle action potentials(EMAP) of skeletal muscle by a small shpe-rical steel bullet hit with high velocity are recorded in 10 mongrel dogs.After wounding the EMAP are measured at the distances of 0.5,1.5,3,4,cm from the edge of the permanent wound cavity in longitudinal direction at 1,3,6,8 h respectively.Simultaneously,tissue samples are taken for electron microscopic observation.Debridement and gross examination are carried out 8 h after wounding.The results indicate: 1.the changes of EMAP in gunshot wounds cause by high velocity bullet coincide with the ultrastructural alterations;2.at 0.5cm from the wound tract the low and sustained amplitude and duration values of EMAP may -be taken as an objective evidence to distinguish devitalized from living tissues;3.the injury at inner and outer layer of concussion zone is reversible.

Endotoxin can markedly decrease the activity of erythrocyte acetylch-olinesterase (AchE)in rat both in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, the AchE activity can be further inhibited by the presence of self-plasma. The AchE activity of erythrocyte in dog can also be inhibited with endotoxin, while it has little effect on human erythrocyte AchE. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the patterns of membrane protein are different in different animals, so it is possible that the structure of membrane protein plays an important role in reaction among endotoxin-red cells.

Episodic tension-type headache is the most common headache in the general population and is usually self managed.Chronic tension-type headache may be highly disabling and often prompts medical consultation.Diagnosis is clinical,based on widely accepted and validated criteria and algorithm.Peripheral factors are implicated in episodic tension-type headache,whereas central factors probably underlie chronic tension-type headache.Simple analgesics,such as aspirin,are used for acute treatment.Amitriptyline and biofeedback assisted relaxation training have the best evidence of effectiveness for headache prevention.

Keratoconus is a progressive, non - inflammatory corneal thinning disorder that produces a unique spectrum of change in the surface curvature of the cornea. The suspected factors associated with the cause of keratoconus include genetic mechanisms, familial associations, allergy, atopy and so on, but environmental factors, such as abnormal rubbing, contact lens wearing and ultraviolet radiation may be easily ignored. Although it is commonly thought that keratoconus is a result of various pathological progress mediated by multiple factors, those chronic trauma could play important roles in the pathological progress. The classic definition of keratoconus is still referred as a non - inflammation disorder with malnutrition of keratectasia, more and more clinical evidences and experimental results that may refute this concept. It may be due to the long-term persistent chronic trauma resulted from eye rubbing, contact lens or ultraviolet radiation. Under this conditions, the increased release of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases may accelerate keratocyte apoposis and enzyme metabolism disorders, with the result of matrix cell lost, tensile strength decreased and keratectasia. Here, for some papers known about the relationship between chronic cornea trauma and keratoconus were reviewed and discussed its possible causal relationship.

Atrial fibrillation is one of the commonest cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly, the incidence increased with increasing ages. Atrial fibrillation can induce severe cardiac insufficiency and thromboembolism, stroke is also a very important complication with high morbidity and mortality. Thus it is very necessary to pay special attention to the study of atrial fibrillation in the field of geriatric cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the functional states of stroke patients using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for stroke. Methods Fifty in-patients with stroke participated in this study. Twenty-five patients less than one month after a stroke were assigned to the acute group, and another 25 patients with more than one month since their stroke were assigned to the sub-acute and chronic group. All the patients were assessed using the Glasgow coma scale, Rankin grading and the Barthel index. The ICF core set for stroke assessment was also used with both groups. The data was analyzed by using a Chi squared frequency test. Results Rankin grades and Barthel indices were significantly different between the two groups, and the functional states in the acute group were better than those in the sub-acute and chronic group. Some of the items, such as consciousness state, functions of structures adjoining the eyes, hearing, substitutive sound, accessory respiration, temperature regulation and protection function of the skin had no significant difference between the groups. The number of patients suffering from disorders of joint motion, joint stability, muscle endurance and control of voluntary movement was significantly greater in the sub-acute and chronic group than in the acute group. Both groups were influenced to different degrees by most of the environmental factors. Conclusion The ICF core sets correctly indicated joint motion, joint stability, muscle endurance and control of voluntary movement difficulties of stroke patients.

For 20 years, the herbs from Qingba Moun-tains have been administered, in various prescrip-tions, for the treatment of 359 patients withchronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The total ef-fective rate for the group treated with enteroclysmand suppositorium was 96%; with enteric coatingcapsule, 94.1% and in control group, 65% (P

Objective To explore the potential of converting the chloramphenicol resistant clinical E. Coli isolates to chloramphenicol sensitive ones by employing external guide sequence(EGS) technique in vitro. Methods Recombinant plasmids with EGScat 1+2 and tetracycline resistant gene, named PAlterl EGScat1+2, was constructed. Routine Cacl 2 method was used to introduce recombinant plasmid into the chloramphenicol resistant clinical isolates E. Coli 4758. Colony PCR was used to test and A600 was used to detect growth rates in liquid and solid culture of various concentrations of chloramphenicol. Results The chloramphenicol resistant clinical isolates E. Coli 4758 grew well in chloramphenicol(35 ?g/ml, 70 ?g/ml, 105 ?g/ml, 170 ?g/ml) plates whereas the transformants tE4758 with PAlter1 EGScat 1+2 failed to grow in these concentrations, which indicated its resistance to the chloramphenicol was reversed. Conclusions EGS molecules are able to convert the drug resistance in clinical E. Coli isolates in vitro.

Objective To study the changes in the central nervous system in adult mice after various degrees of acute heat stress. Methods Adult mice placed in insulated cages were exposed to 24℃, 34℃, 37℃, 38.5℃, 40℃ or 42℃ for 60min respectively with a constant humidity of 60%. The behavior response was carefully monitored. Rectal temperature was measured before the exposure and after the exposure. Electroencephagrams were taken. Then the hippocampal neurons of these animals were examined with transmission electron microscope. Results Heat stress at 34℃ for 60 min only raised the rectal temperature, and heat stress above 37℃ for 60 min not only raised rectal temperature, but also induced water loss and irritability and attempt to escape. Abnormal EEG with increased amplitude and retarded rhythm could be observed. However, when mice were exposed to 24℃ and 34℃ such behavior did not appear. After exposure to 42℃, EEG frequency increased and pathological changes in hippocampus neurons were found. The main ultrastructural changes included degeneration of hippocampal neurons, expansion of space around capillary, decrease in number of synaptic vesicle, and decomposition of synapse. Conclusion Mice were very sensitive to heat stress. An increase in core temperature could induce behavioral thermoregulation. EEG and electron microscopic study revealed changes in the central nervous system after heat stress. Following exposure to high environmental temperature under 40℃, acute dysfunction of brain was reversible. At 42℃, damage to the brain tissue occurred, and most mice died of heat stroke.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of mice cortex neuron cultured in vitro under different temperature, and the expression of skeleton protein (?-tubulin) in the neuron, and to study the relationship between ?-tubulin and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Methods The cerebral cortex neuron of embryonic mice was cultured in vitro. The cultured neuron was put in different temperature 7 days later. To observe the morphological changes of the neuron using optical microscope and the changes of the expression of ?-tubulin and HSP70 under different temperature using laser scanning confocal images. Results Optical microscopy indicated that drifting cells increased, and neural network became sparse in 38℃; some cells necrosed in 39℃; most cells necrosed, cell broke to pieces, axons drifted or disappeared in 42℃. Results of laser scanning confocal images indicated that after hyperthermia the fluorescence intensity of ?-tubulin was lower than that of controls, and the fluorescence intensity declined as the temperature elevated. The fluorescence intensity of HSP70 showed a bell-shape distribution curve, i.e. the highest value emerged at 39℃, whereas the lower values appeared at 37℃ and 42℃. Conclusion Heat stress leaded to the morphological changes of neuron. The disordered of skeleton protein may be responsible for the changes and HSP70 may take part in the process.