Objective To study the effects of erythropoietin on expressions of myocardial cell Bcl-2 and Bax in rats with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Rats that survived after AMI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group were given EPO 3000 U/kg, A total of 3 d(preoperative 1 day, the same day, after 1 day),control group at the same point in time given the same amount of saline by the intraperitonealy injection. After 4 weeks, hemodynamics and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization,Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Results After 4 weeks, LVSP and +dp/dt_(max) in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),LVEDP and-dp/dt_(max) were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05);Change of heart rate in two groups were no difference(P＞0.05).The expression of myocardial cell Bcl-2 in treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05);the expression of myocardial cell Bax and Bcl-2/Bax in treatment group were significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The protective effect of EPO on ischemia and infarction of cardiac function may be related to the reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective To determine the relationship between the residue amniotic fluid volume after preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM)and maternal-fetal prognosis.Methods One hundred and forty-five pregnant women with PPROM during 28-34 gestational weeks were studied,hospitalized in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan.2002 to Feb.2009,and Chongqing Health Center For Women And Children from Jan.2005 to Feb.2009.All patients are willing to take part in these experiments.According to Amniotic fluid index(AFI)by ultrasound,patients were derided into three groups:(1)Group of oligohydramnios:AFI＜50 mm;(2)Group of berderline oligohydramnios:50 mm≤AFI＜80 mm;(3)Group of normal amniotic fluid:80 mm≤AFI＜180 mm.All the groups weFe similar with patient's age.gravidity and parity,white blood cell count (WBC),gestational age at rupture of membrane,rates of placental abruption,neonatal jaundice,neonatal hypoglycemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)and neonatal respiratory failure(RF;P＞0.05).Resalts (1)Group of oligohydramnios had a shorter latent period(P＜0.05)compared with other two groups;(2)Group of oligohydramnios had a hish rates of cesarean section(69%),Intra-amniotic infection(IAI,36%),fetal distress(19%),neonatal asphyxia(28%).early-onset neonatal sepsis(28%)and hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury(56%)than those in Group of normal amniotic fluid(39%,9%,3%,8%,9%,13%;P＜0.01);(3)Logistic regression analysis showed that group of oligohydramnios wag an independent risk factor of IAI and earlyonset neonatal sepsis(P＜0.05).Conclusions Oligohydramnios after pprom is associated with the shorter latent period,as well as the increasing risks of pregnancy complications of cesarean Section,IAI,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,early-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury.So,the amniotic fluid volume might be an important prognostic indicator to assess the outcomes of maternal and neonatal when PPROM happened.

Backgroud Various antihypertensive drugs decreased peripheral arterial pressure similarly,while their effects on central arterial pressure may be at variance.The studies of the effect on central arterial pressure of antihypertensive drugs,especially the effect ? adrenoreceptor blockers was paucity.Objective To investigate the effect of ? adrenoreceptor blocker metoprolol tartrate on central and peripheral arterial pressure in patients with hypertension.Methods Fifty patients with primary hypertension who underwent percutaneous coronary angiography were recruited.Radial arterial and ascending aortal pressure as peripheral and central blood pressure were determined.Patients were chewing 25-50 mg metoprolol tartrate or 10 mg nifedipine during the catheterization.Results After administering metoprolol tartrate,the magnitude of decreases in peripheral arterial pressure were significantly(P0.025).Both peripheral and central arterial pressure decreased significantly after administering nifedipine(P0.025).Conclusion Despite similar decrease of peripheral arterial pressure,the decrease magnitude of central arterial pressure by metoprolol tartrate was significantly smaller than that by nifedipine.

Objective To study the effects of lanthanum on cell multiplication and intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) concentration in primary cultured astrocytes of rats.Methods The primary cultured astrocytes of rats were exposed to 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mmol/L LaCl3 for 24 h and 48 h.The cell multiplication was measured by MTT;[Ca2+]i concentration was determined by the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2/AM.Results After astrocytes were incubated with 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mmol/L LaCl3 for 24 h and 48 h,the survival rate of astrocytes was 86.24% and 82.99%,82.26% and 79.14%,52.32% and 49.97%,38.04% and 35.15% respectively,which was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P

Constitution of TCM is based on the study of individual constitution and physical health,and it has also drawn attention from the medical profession in the world.This commentary has reviewed about the development of constitution of TCM over the past few years,summed up the past 30 years,especially analysis the new research fruits during 2005-2006,expounded the important status of Chinese medical constitution in the development of Chinese medicine and the significance in socio-economic sustainable development,and put forward the direction of development and research for Chinese medical constitution.

Aim To observe the neuroprotective effect of different doses of propofol on ischemic fetal rat brain.Methods Eighteen healthy pregnant SD rats were randomly allocated into the following six groups with three rats in each.Group S: sham operation group, Group IR: ischemia/reperfusion group, Group P1~P3: different doses of propofol groups, Group B: bicuculline group.In group S and group IR, 1 ml saline solution was administered via caudal vein.In group P1~P3, 10, 30, 50 mg·kg-1 of propofol was administered via caudal vein respectively.In group B, when 50 mg·kg-1 propfol was administered via caudal vein, 5 mg·kg-1 bicuculline was injected intraperitoneally at the same time.Bilateral uterine ovarian arteries were clamped for 11 mins to make intrauterine distress model of the fetal rats.The brains of fetal rats were removed after 3 days of reperfusion.Brain sections(5 μm thick) were mounted and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The profile of the hippocampus CA1 was evaluated under a light microscope and neuronal Lesion-index(LI) was calculated.MDA content of fetal rat brain was detected by thiobarbituric acid reaction method to determine the lipid peroxidation degree of brain.Results LI was (7.2±0.9) and MDA was (3.86±0.20) μmol·g-1 in group S.LI was 71.9±2.8 and the content of MDA was (9.10±0.45) μmol·g-1 in group IR, which increased significantly compared with those in group S(P<0.01).LI was (40.8±2.6), (21.4±1.4), (20.1±1.3) and the content of MDA was (7.32±0.41), (5.65±0.27), (5.44±0.28) μmol·g-1 in propofol groups, which decreased significantly compared with those in group IR(P<0.05).LI and the content of MDA was (51.2±2.3), (7.54±0.31) μmol·g-1 in group B,respectively, reversing partly the neuroprotevtive effect of propofl.Conclusion Propofol could protect the neurons in hippocampus CA1 region of fetal rat against intrauterine distress by reducing the concentration of MDA in the brain.

Objective To report the surgical methods and results of pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder.Methods From August 2010 to April 2014,19 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer (cT2-3 N0-2 M0) underwent pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy and Endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder reconstruction.Perioperative and follow-up data were collected.Results The surgeries were successful in all 19 cases with the operating time ranging from 261 to 380 min,blood loss of 100 to 350 ml.Postoperative hospital stay was 21±4 (15-26) days,postoperative intestinal function recovery time at 1.9±0.4 (1.5-2.3) days.Surgical margins were all negative.Lymph node positive rate was 32％ (6/19).Complications were including 1 case of lymphatic leakage; 3 cases of new bladder and urethra anastomotic fistula.There were 17 cases of urinary incontinence,all these cases were improved after 3 months,but there were still 8 cases of night-time incontinence.Three cases had unilateral ureteral reflux,ureter mild hydrocephalus,1 of the cases had recurrent infections within 1 month after surgery.After the anti-inflammatory and catheterization treatment,the symptoms were improved.Two cases had unilateral ureteral anastomotic stricture,one underwent percutaneous nephrostomy and cystoscope-assisted double J tube placement,another underwent laparoscopic ureteral neobladder reimplantation.One case had bilateral ureteral stenosis due to recurrent infections,and underwent bilateral laparoscopic ureteral-new bladder reimplantation.Patients were followed up for 8-42 months,no recurrence or distant metastasis was found.Conclusion Pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy with endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder can reduce surgical trauma and help patient's postoperative recovery.

A rapid method for authenticity detection of grapeseed oil was proposed based on Ion Mobility Spectrometry ( IMS) . After optimization, the inlet temperature was set at 170 ℃, drift tube temperature was set at 60 ℃. In this method, the oil sample was diluted in hexane (50-fold, V/V) and then directly analyzed in IMS. The detection time was 20 s. To establish an adulteration detection model, recursive Support Vector Machine ( R-SVM) was applied to classifying pure and adulterated grape seed oils. The result of 10-fold cross validation showed that the accuracy of discrimination was up to 91 . 2%. The results in study indicate that IMS method is a new, fast and convenient technique for the adulteration detection of edible oil.

In order to train the clinical ophthalmic seven-year students to further comprehend their professional knowledge and further stimulate their imagination and creation ability, we developed several steps to promote these students' patent designing ability. These steps include: trained targets selection, theoretical knowledge training, clinical practice training, comprehensive quality control, et al. In the implementation of the concrete steps, we put emphasis on the elements such as step by step training, the high quality computer assisted mapping and the internationally compatible contents, et al., and encouraged the students to propose the assumption of solving the problems in the clinical and sci-entific research. And the stimulation mechanism and medical humanity were infiltrated all the while.

Objective Heart transplantation is an effective treatment of end-stage heart diseases and extending the time of donor heart preservation helps to make up for the shortage of donor hearts. This study was to investigate whether high-pressured mixed gas ( HPMG) of carbon monoxide and oxygen could prolong the time of donor heart preservation and its mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided in-to four groups of equal number:control ( the donor heart isolated but not transplanted) , immediate transplantation ( the donor heart transplanted right after isolated) , HTK-preservation ( the donor heart preserved in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for 24 hours after isolated, and HPMG preservation ( the donor heart preserved in an HPMG chamber with the oxygen partial pressure of 3200 hPa and carbon monoxide partial pressure of 800 hPa for 24 hours after isolated) .Another 36 recipient mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive the donor heart immediately after harvested (n=12), preserved in HTK solution (n=12), or preserved in HPMG (n=12).At 2 hours after transplantation, the status of heart re-beating and cardiac function were compared among different groups of recipient mice.At 24 hours, tissues were taken from the transplanted hearts for examination of pathologic changes by HE stai-ning, detection of the apoptosis of cardiac cells by TUNEL, and determination of the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 -Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ) and B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) by Western blot. Resul ts The re-beating rates of the imme-diately transplanted and HPMG-preserved hearts were significantly higher than that of the HTK-preserved ones (P<0.05).At 2 hours after transplantation, the cardiac function scores were 2.5 (2.0-2.9), 0.8 (0.5-1.0), and 4.5 (4.0-4.5) in the immediate implantation, HPMG-preservation and HTK-preservation groups respectively, with statistically significant differences between any two groups (P<0.05).The expressions of LC3-Ⅱand Bcl-2 were 2.06 ±0.29 and 0.87 ±0.18 in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients and 1.24 ±0.20 and 2.07 ±0.32 in the immediately transplanted heart recipients, both higher than 0.13 ±0.03 and 0.19 ±0.02 in the controls and 0.16 ±0.06 and 0.26 ±0.08 in the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.05), the Bcl-2 higher in the HTK-pre-served heart recipients than in the controls (P<0.05), and the LC3-Ⅱ expression higher in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the immediately transplanted heart recipients (P<0.05).HE staining showed that cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were more obvious in the HPMG-preserved heart recipients than in the controls and immediately transplanted heart recipients but less obvious than in the HTK-preserved heart recipients.The rate of cell apoptosis was dramatically increased in the HPMG-and HTK-pre-served heart recipients ([5.04 ±1.77]%and [26.72 ±5.23]%) in comparison with the controls ([1.08 ±0.56]%) (P<0.01) and immediately transplanted heart recipients ([2.13 ±1.71]%) (P<0.01) but decreased in the HPMG as compared with the HTK-preserved heart recipients (P<0.01). Conclusion High-pressured mixed gas preservation can reduce cold ischemia-reperfu-sion injury of the donor heart, which may be associated with its promotion of autophagy, provision of energy to cells, and apoptosis of cardiocytes in the donor heart.