Objective To discuss the minimally invasive skills in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made to sum up the minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis,reinforcing sufficient cognition to the treatment of the disease.Results The minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis included endoscopic sphincterotomy,endoscopic papillaryballoon dilation,fibercholedochoscopy,laparoscopic common bile dnctexploration and laparoscopy combined with endoscopy in treating choledocholithiasis.Conclusion The conception of the treatment of choledocholithiasis was renewed by djfferent minimally invasive skills.With the development of the medical apparatus and instruments,the minimally invasive skills will play an important role in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

Genome editing is defined as highly-effective and precise modification of cellular genome in a large scale. In recent years, such genome-editing methods have been rapidly developed in the field of industrial strain improvement. The quickly-updating methods thoroughly change the old mode of inefficient genetic modification, which is "one modification, one selection marker, and one target site". Highly-effective modification mode in genome editing have been developed including simultaneous modification of multiplex genes, highly-effective insertion, replacement, and deletion of target genes in the genome scale, cut-paste of a large DNA fragment. These new tools for microbial genome editing will certainly be applied widely, and increase the efficiency of industrial strain improvement, and promote the revolution of traditional fermentation industry and rapid development of novel industrial biotechnology like production of biofuel and biomaterial. The technological principle of these genome-editing methods and their applications were summarized in this review, which can benefit engineering and construction of industrial microorganism.
Biotechnology ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genome, Microbial ; Industrial Microbiology

Autophagy is a physiological process which delivers the mutant cytoplasmic proteins and dysfunctional subcellular organs into lysosomes for degradation to generate fuel in the deficiency conditions. It is mainly classified into macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), as well as the selective autophagy such as mitophagy and aggrephagy. This review mainly introduces the key molecular markers of macroautophagy, CMA and mitophagy.

Background:Serum levels of pepsinogen( PG),gastrin-17( G-17)and Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection are closely associated with gastric cancer. Studies on relationship of serum levels of PG and G-17 with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area are rare. Aims:To investigate serum levels of PG and G-17 and their relationships with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area. Methods:A total of 198 Uygur and 50 Han gastric cancer patients were enrolled,and healthy people with the same race were served as normal controls. Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,G-17 were determined by ELISA,PGⅠ/ PGⅡ ratio(PGR)was calculated. Urea breath test and stool Hp antigen test were used to detect Hp infection. Results:Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly decreased than those in corresponding control groups(P < 0. 05),and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur gastric cancer patients were significantly decreased than those in Han gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05),and serum G-17 level was significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Hp infection rate in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly increased than those in corresponding control groups( P < 0. 05). Serum level of PG Ⅰ and PGR were significantly decreased in Han gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased in Uygur gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,PGR was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and PGR were significantly increased in Uygur gastric antral cancer patients than in gastric corpus cancer and proximal gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Decreased serum PGⅠ level,PGR and increased serum level of G-17 can be used as biomarkers to screen gastric cancer in Uygur and Han population in Xinjiang area. Hp infection in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer is related to the changes of serum level of PGⅠ,PGR and G-17.

Gallstone disease is highly prevalent in clinic,particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups.The formation of water-insoluble cholesterol crystals is due to a misbalance between the three major lipids present in the bile:cholesterol,bile salts,and phospholipids.Many proteins implicated in biliary lipid secretion in the liver are regulated by several transcription factors,including nuclear receptors LXR and FXR.Human and murine genetic,pathophysiological evidence is consistent with the relevance of these nuclear receptors in gallstone formation.In addition,there is emerging data that also suggests a role for estrogen receptor ESR1 in abnormal cholesterol metabolism leading to gallstone disease.A better comprehension of the role of nuclear receptor function in gallstone formation may help doctors to design new and more effective therapeutic strategies for this highly prevalent disease condition.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) eradication in Uygur population, and to study the relationship between H.pylori eradication and dyspepsia symptoms in H.pylori caused gastritis.Methods From August 2015 to May 2016, Uygur patients diagnosed with H.pylori positive superficial gastritis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashgar Prefecture were recruited.According to random number table, patients were divided into single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group.In single-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, once per day;in standard-dose group patients received esomeprazole 20 mg, twice per day;and in high-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, twice per day;besides esomeprazole the treatment of three groups were all combination of amoxicillin, clarithromycin and bismuth, magnesium compound granules.The treatment course of all three groups was 14 days.The H.pylori eradication rate, clinical efficacy, symptom score and adverse drug reaction were compared.The H.pylori eradication rate was evaluated with intention to treat analysis (ITT) and per-protocol sets (PP).Chi square test, t test and one-way analysis of vaiance were used for statistical comparison.Results A total of 248 patients were enrolled,82 cases in single-dose group, 83 cases in standard-dose group and 83 cases in high-dose group.There were five, five and six cases lose to follow-up or dropped out respectively in single-dose, standard-dose and high-dose group.The results of ITT analysis showed that the eradication rates of H.pylori in single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group were 62.2%(51/82),77.1%(64/83) and 89.2%(74/83),respectively;the differences between each two groups were statistically significant (x2=4.34,16.33 and 4.30, all P<0.05).The results of PP analysis showed that H.pylori eradication rates of single-dose group, standard-dose group and high dose group were 66.2%(51/77),82.1%(64/78) and 96.1%(74/77),respectively;the differences between each two groups were statistically significant (x2=5.06, 22.47 and 7.84, all P<0.05).After four weeks of eradication therapy, the total dyspepsia symptom scores of single-dose group, standard-dose group and high dose group were all significantly lower than those before treatment (52.3±27.1 vs 99.4±44.1, 38.2±25.4 vs 101.0±48.9 and 28.8±16.1 vs 99.9±46.6), and the differences were statistically significant(t=5.88, 8.79 and 9.11, all P<0.01).After treatment, the total dyspepsia symptom scores of standard-dose group and high-dose group were both lower than that of single-dose group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.78 and 2.91, both P<0.01).The score of upper abdominal pain, epigastric burning, abdominal distention and symptom total score of high-dose group were all lower than those of standard dose group (4.8±3.9 vs 8.1±3.5, 3.1±2.5 vs 5.8±4.1, 7.9±6.8 vs 10.5±9.6 and 28.8±16.1 vs 38.2±25.4), and the differences were statistically significant (t=1.52,1.08,1.23 and 1.96, all P<0.01).After four weeks of treatment, the total efficacy rates of single-dose, standard-dose and high-dose group were 45.5%(35/77), 74.4%(58/78) and 87.0%(67/77),respectively.There were statistically significant differences between each two groups of three groups (x2=13.49, 29.73 and 3.98, all P<0.05).The incidences of adverse drug reaction of single-dose, standard-dose and high-dose group were 6.5%(5/77), 7.7%(6/78) and 7.8%(6/77),respectively;there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (all P>0.05).Conclusions High dose of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy can increase the eradication rate of H.pylori in Uygur population, and H.pylori eradication therapy can significantly improve the dyspepsia symptoms of H.pylori caused gastritis in Uygur.High dose of esomeprazole may improve the clinical efficacy of H.pylori caused gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms in Uygur with safety.

The effects of high frequency jet ventilation(HFJV) on brain resuscitation had been investigated in 28 cats in which simple brain functional failure was produced by occlusion of both carotid and both vertebral arteries. The results suggested that HFJV could improve endurance of cats when subjected to brain ischemia, raise the survival rate of cats with reversible brain functional failure, and prolong the survival time of cats with permernent brain functional failure. The mechanisms of how HFJ would exert beneficial effect on brain resuscitation was discussed.

AIM:To observe the effects of edaravone on high glucose-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells and its potential mechanism .METHODS:The SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in the DMEM medium with 100 mmol/L glucose and 100μmol/L edaravone for 24 h.The viability of the SH-SY5Y cells was detected by MTT assay .The levels of ROS in the cells were determined by DCFH-DA fluorescent probing .The apoptotic rates of the cells were analyzed by flow cytome-try.The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the cells were detected by Western blot .The expression levels of micro-RNA-25 (miR-25) were determined by real-time PCR.To further clarify the target sites of edaravone on inhibiting apopto-sis induced by high glucose , miR-25 inhibitor was applied to the SH-SY5Y cells and the activity of caspase-3 was meas-ured.RESULTS:Compared with control group , the cell viability was decreased significantly in model group , and the ROS level was increased significantly .The protein expression of Bax was up-regulated significantly , while the expression levels of Bcl-2 and miR-25 were significantly down-regulated .Compared with model group , the cell viability was increased signifi-cantly in edaravone group .The ROS level was decreased significantly .Meanwhile, the expression of Bax was down-regula-ted, while the expression of Bcl-2 and miR-25 was up-regulated with statistical significance .The caspase-3 activity of the cells incubated with 100 mmol/L glucose and miR-25 inhibitor was increased .However, no alteration of caspase-3 activity with edaravone added simultaneously was observed .CONCLUSION: Edaravone inhibits the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by high glucose with the potential target site of miR-25.

DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; virology ; Vaccination

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans